scholarly journals Review on Structure, Functional and Nutritional Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Gashaw Abebaw
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Barley is a resilient plant, tolerant of a range of conditions, which may have been cultivated since 15 000 BC (Fast & Caldwell, 2000). Cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, is mainly grown for animal feed, especially for pigs, for malting and brewing in the manufacture of beer, and distilling in whisky manufacture. A small amount of barley is used for food. Barley is one of the leading grain crops produced in the world with growing worldwide recognized as a source of food and many valuable nutritional components that enrich the human diet. Barley grain is used primarily for malting and livestock feeding, and the straw is also an important feedstuff when more desirable forages are not available

scholarly journals Grãos Secos de Destilaria na Alimentação de Frangos de Corte

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Jean Kaique Valentim ◽  
Heder José D’Ávila Lima ◽  
Tatiana Marques Bittencourt ◽  
Nayara Emanoelle Matos e Silva ◽  
Maria Fernanda De Castro Burbarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Conventional Foods

O uso de coprodutos agroindustriais na alimentação animal promove a diminuição dos custos de produção com insumos básicos como o milho e a soja, evitando os impactos causados pelo descarte desta matéria orgânica no ambiente, além de ser fonte nutricional de qualidade. Dessa forma, os grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS) se tornam uma alternativa lucrativa em função de baixo custo, qualidade proteica e apelo sustentável, por ser oriundo da produção de biocombustíveis. Em contrapartida, em decorrência da variabilidade da composição nutricional deste ingrediente, sua adição em dietas avícolas deve ser realizada com cautela, minimizando perdas no desempenho das aves. Dessa forma se buscou avaliar por meio de um artigo de revisão de literatura a utilização de grãos secos de destilaria na dieta de frango de corte. É importante reiterar que os componentes nutricionais podem variar, sendo maior para coprodutos do que para os alimentos convencionais, podendo causar distúrbios nutricionais, se análises frequentes não forem realizadas e se as dietas não forem adequadamente balanceadas, de acordo com a qualidade nutricional do alimento. O DDGS possui grande potencial no uso da alimentação de frango de corte, em função da qualidade nutricional, podendo minimizar custos dentro dessa cadeia.   Palavras-chave: Aves de Corte. Biocombustíveis. Coprodutos. DDGS. Milho   Abstract The use of agro-industrial co-products in animal feed promotes the reduction of production costs with basic inputs such as corn and soybeans, avoids the impacts caused by the disposal of this organic matter in the environment, besides being a nutritional source of quality. Thus, dry grains of soluble distillery (DDGS) become a profitable alternative due to the low cost, protein quality and sustainable appeal, because it comes from biofuel production. On the other hand, due to the variability of the nutritional composition of this ingredient, its addition in poultry diets should be performed with caution, minimizing losses in the poultries’ performance. Thus, it was sought to evaluate through a literature review article the use of dry distillery grains in the broilers’ diet. It is important to reiterate that nutritional components may vary, being higher for co-products than for conventional foods, and may cause nutritional disorders, if frequent analyses are not performed and if diets are not properly balanced, according to the food nutritional quality. DDGS has great potential in the use of chicken feeding, due to its nutritional quality, and can minimize costs within this chain.   Keywords: Biofuels. Co-Products. DDGS. Corn.

scholarly journals The role of edible insects to mitigate challenges for sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Paula Correia ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Cristina A. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
World Population ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Strong Component ◽  
Human Food ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Recent Trends

Abstract This review is focused on the utilization of insects as a new opportunity in food and feed products, including their commercialization both in traditional and new markets. It has been suggested that insects are considerably more sustainable when compared with other sources of animal protein, thus alleviating the pressure over the environment and the planet facing the necessity to feed the world population, constantly increasing. Many chefs have adhered to the trend of using insects in their culinary preparations, bringing insects to the plan of top gastronomy, highlighting their organoleptic qualities allied to a recognized high nutritional value. However, in some markets, insects or insect-based products are not readily accepted because of neophobia and disgust. Moreover, the insect markets, farming, and commercialization are experiencing a huge growth, in which the domain of animal feed is undoubtedly a very strong component. The future of insects as human food and animal feed seems promising in view of the recent trends and challenges.

scholarly journals Importance of the Secondary Genepool in Barley Genetics and Breeding. I. Cytogenetics and Molecular Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickering ◽  
A. Johnston P ◽  
B. Ruge
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cultivated Barley

There have been no plant breeding developments using species from the tertiary genepool of cultivated barley for breeding or genetics since the VIII<sup>th</sup> International Barley Genetics Symposium in 2000. Hence, the first part of this review describes progress since 2000 in developing and characterising recombinant lines derived from hybridisations between the sole species in the secondary genepool, Hordeum bulbosum L., and cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L. The topics discussed in part I are cytogenetics and molecular analysis of recombinant lines. &nbsp;

Quelea quelea (weaver bird).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cheke
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economical Losses

Abstract The red-billed quelea is a small weaver bird native to sub-Saharan Africa and renowned for its attacks on small-grain crops within Africa. It is the most numerous bird species in the world, with peak post-breeding population estimated at 1,500,000,000. The red-billed quelea is mainly granivorous, except when feeding its chicks insects or when eating insects prior to migration or breeding, and it relies on a supply of grass seeds to survive. When unable to find grass seeds or when opportunities arise, quelea will attack crops. It is a major pest throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa and can cause significant economical losses.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the world and Russian production of fruits products (apples and pears)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lyubov Georgievna Demenina ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Active Substances

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates - apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND LIPID CONTENT OF SKIN AND MUSCLE OF WILD GIANT MOTTLE EELS ANGUILLA MARMORATA IN THUA THIEN HUE, VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieu Thi Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Quang Linh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Nutritional Components

In Vietnam, the giant mottle eel Anguilla marmorata is the most widely distributed species and being exploited for seed in aquaculture as well as for human consumption. This study aims to investigate the basic nutritional components of the fish. The eels were collected from six locations of Thua Thien Hue province, with weights from 5 to 3200 g. In addition, the content of lipid in skin and tissue was also examined. The results show that eel flesh has a relatively high nutritional value. The water, protein, lipid, and total sugar content of the fish meat is 60.4 ± 0.94%, 19.54 ± 4.31%, 18.2 ± 1.02%, and 1.34 ± 0.34 (mg/g), respectively. The nutritional components of the eel have a good correlation with the weight according to the equation: Y = a × ln (W) + b (where W is the weight of eels; Y is the content of nutritional components; a is the correlation coefficient b is a constant) with r > 0.9. The lipid content of the fish skin is higher than that of muscle and meat.

scholarly journals Combining Selenium Biofortification with Vermicompost Growing Media in Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Lucija Galić ◽  
Marija Špoljarević ◽  
Alicja Auriga ◽  
Boris Ravnjak ◽  
Tomislav Vinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Growing Medium

Leafy vegetables are a daily part of the human diet all over the world. At the same time, a worldwide problem of Se malnutrition is present in human populations, mostly due to low soil Se contents. As plants represent the main source of this element in the human diet, with Se being an essential trace element for humans and animals, plant foods containing Se can be used as an efficient means of increasing the Se in the human diet, as well as in animal feed (biofortification). At the same time, the production of growing media relies on limited peat reserves. The use of earthworms facilitates the production of composted organic masses mostly consisting of organic waste, called vermicompost. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different growing media (commercial peat media, vermicompost, and a 1:1 mixture) on Se biofortification’s efficacy and yield in lamb’s lettuce. The Se biofortification was performed with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). It was shown that biofortification increased the Se contents such that a mass of only 48.9 g of fresh leaves contained enough Se for the recommended daily intake in human nutrition (55 µg Se/day), which represents a significant potential for solving Se malnutrition. Furthermore, the use of a 1:1 vermicompost–commercial substrate mixture showed a similar performance to the peat growing medium, contributing to the preservation of peat reserves.

Suitability of insects for animal feeding.

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Kerensa Hawkey ◽  
John Brameld ◽  
Tim Parr ◽  
Andrew Salter ◽  
Heidi Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Feed Source

Abstract This chapter explores the nutritional composition of insects and the potential benefits and drawbacks for their inclusion into pet, poultry, pig, ruminant and aquatic animal feeds. Six species are most commonly described for use in animal feed, namely black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae and prepupae, yellow mealworm (YM; Tenebrio molitor) larvae, superworm (SW; Zophobas morio) larvae, lesser mealworm (LM; Alphitobius diaperinus) larvae, house fly (HF; Musca domestica) larvae and house crickets (HC; Acheta domesticus). The nutritional composition, variability observed due to manipulation of feed source, age, developmental stage and suitability for inclusion into animal feed are compared.

The Biomass Reallocation Program

World on Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Mark Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Pastoral Farming

Underlying human-caused extinctions, past and present, is a vast biomass reallocation program. Before our Neolithic forebears began changing the world, biomass was distributed quite evenly among species of animals and plants. The tenure of humans has seen a marked change in this, as biomass became progressively concentrated into a small number of species—us and animals we eat. Today, 96% of all mammalian biomass consists in humans and the mammals that humans farm. An additional 70% of all avian biomass consists in domestic fowl. This biomass reallocation is the most significant driver of species extinction. The number-one driver of species extinction today is change in land use. The most significant driver of change in land use is agricultural expansion. By far the most prominent form of agricultural expansion is pastoral farming and the growing of animal feed crops. Eating animals is, therefore, the most important driver of species extinction.

Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 nucleotide sequence in wild and cultivated barley

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifeng Ren ◽  
Yonggang Wang ◽  
Songxian Yan ◽  
Dongfa Sun ◽  
Genlou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Lateral Spikelet ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Barley Population

Spike morphology is a key characteristic in the study of barley genetics, breeding, and domestication. Variation at the six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) locus is sufficient to control the development and fertility of the lateral spikelet of barley. To study the genetic variation of vrs1 in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), nucleotide sequences of vrs1 were examined in 84 wild barleys (including 10 six-rowed) and 20 cultivated barleys (including 10 six-rowed) from four populations. The length of the vrs1 sequence amplified was 1536 bp. A total of 40 haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The highest nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity were observed in the Southwest Asian wild barley population. The nucleotide diversity, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity in two-rowed barley were higher than those in six-rowed barley. The phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 sequences partially separated the six-rowed and the two-rowed barley. The six-rowed barleys were divided into four groups.

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