The Use of Fenugreek Supplementation in Diabetes

Dietary health supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. During the previous decades, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have been reported to have hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects when used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and in experimental diabetic animals. The aim of this paper is to review fenugreek research findings relevant to its use in diabetes. There is convincing research evidence suggesting that fenugreek can improve hyperglycemia and has a protective effective against diabetic complications through immunomodulatory, insulin stimulation, and antioxidant effects, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, and preventing or lessening pancreatic and renal damage. Many of the beneficial effects of fenugreek in diabetes have been attributed to four bioactive components including diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, furostanolic saponins, and the fiber in fenugreek.

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EYE ON CHINA

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030317000313 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (05) ◽

pp. 4-14

Keyword(s):

Life Sciences ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Diabetes Research ◽

Omega 3 ◽

English Edition ◽

Science China Life ◽

Research Findings ◽

China Life

SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences English Edition Publishes Domestic Type 2 Diabetes Research Findings. Omega-3 Therapy May Help Reverse Type 1 Diabetes. New Plastic-Eating Fungus May Solve Garbage Problem. Chinese Researchers Reveal How Cells Prevent Viral Invasion. Scientists Unlock TCM Drug’s Role in Weight Loss. Medical Reforms in Beijing. East China’s Anhui Province Innovates Advanced Technology. DeltaHealth and Harvard Global Health Institute Hold Symposium. HONG KONG News – HKSTP Welcomes Maz World to Hong Kong’s Vibrant Ecosystem to Commercialise Revolutionary Ostrich Antibody Technology from Japan

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Berries as a Treatment for Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Evidence from Preclinical Models

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 334

Author(s):

Hannah Land Lail ◽

Rafaela G. Feresin ◽

Dominique Hicks ◽

Blakely Stone ◽

Emily Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Low Grade ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Preclinical Models ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Inflammation that accompanies obesity is associated with the infiltration of metabolically active tissues by inflammatory immune cells. This propagates a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with increased signaling of common inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Obesity-associated inflammation is linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Preclinical rodent and cell culture studies provide robust evidence that berries and their bioactive components have beneficial effects not only on inflammation, but also on biomarkers of many of these chronic diseases. Berries contain an abundance of bioactive compounds that have been shown to inhibit inflammation and to reduce reactive oxygen species. Therefore, berries represent an intriguing possibility for the treatment of obesity-induced inflammation and associated comorbidities. This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory properties of blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries. This review highlights the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of berries and their bioactive components that have been elucidated through the use of preclinical models. The primary mechanisms mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of berries include a reduction in NF-κB signaling that may be secondary to reduced oxidative stress, a down-regulation of TLR4 signaling, and an increase in Nrf2.

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Boldine Does Not Modify Gender Specific Wound Healing in Zucker Diabetic Rats

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801301116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801301

Author(s):

Renata Köhlerová ◽

Eva Čermáková ◽

Milena Hajzlerová

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Natural Alkaloid ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Boldine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It reduces glycemia and decreases blood pressure in rats with type 1 diabetes. We have also studied whether boldine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in rats with type 2 diabetes and whether it can improve healing of their skin wounds, a serious comorbidity of type 2 diabetes. This work also compares lean and obese Zucker diabetic rats, including a comparison of both sexes. After skin excisions, the wounded animals received granules containing boldine ad libitum. The weights of rats, amount of consumed food and wound size were measured regularly. Scar and internal organs were removed and analyzed. Further, the tensile strength of the scar was tested and hydroxyproline content (a marker of collagen) measured. We have not confirmed previously published positive effects of boldine, but we observed important differences between gender and between genotypes. Male rats had higher body weight, liver, kidney and spleen than female rats. Furthermore, their wounds took longer to heal with bigger scar areas.

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Histological effects of pharmacologically active human bile acid nano/micro-particles in Type-1 diabetes

Therapeutic Delivery ◽

10.4155/tde-2019-0079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 157-171

Author(s):

Sangeetha Mathavan ◽

Corina M Ionescu ◽

Bozica Kovacevic ◽

Momir Mikov ◽

Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Drug Formulation ◽

Human Bile ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Micro Particles ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacologically Active

Aim: Gliclazide (G) is a drug prescribed for Type 2 diabetics, although recent studies suggest it has desirable effects in both types of diabetes, Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. G has an inconsistent absorption due to poor formulation and bile acids (BAs) have shown significant promise in drug formulation optimization. Hence, the study aimed to examine G effects on histopathological, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects when encapsulated with BAs. Materials & methods: Rats were randomized into eight groups, of which seven were made Type 1 diabetes and treated with various BA-based treatments. Tissue histopathology, inflammation and the bile acid profile were analyzed. Results & conclusion: G capsules showed no histological but the most anti-inflammatory effects, which suggest significant beneficial effects in diabetes treatment.

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Oxidative Stress: Implications for the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy and Antioxidant Therapeutic Perspectives

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2014/752387 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Ying Wu ◽

Luosheng Tang ◽

Baihua Chen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Reactive Radicals ◽

New Strategies

In recent decades, localized tissue oxidative stress has been implicated as a key component in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress caused by diabetes-induced metabolic abnormalities is the most common mechanism associated with the pathogenesis of DR for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations results in the activation of several mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DR. In particular, damage or dysfunction caused by oxidative stress still persists even after glycemia has been normalized. Despite considerable evidence showing the beneficial effects of antioxidants in preventing the development of retinopathy, results from large-scale clinical trials on classic antioxidants are somewhat ambiguous. Scavenging reactive radicals may not be the most ideal antioxidant strategy in DR. Advances in understanding the function of ROS in the development of DR can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies based on the mechanisms of ROS generation and scavenging. Increasing amounts of data have demonstrated the promising prospect of antioxidant therapy and its beneficial effects in vision protection. Therefore, new strategies that utilize antioxidants as additive therapy should be implemented in the treatment of DR.

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Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus by Dietary Natural Products

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8100440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 440 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Li ◽

Xu ◽

Gan ◽

Sun ◽

Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Natural Products ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Review Paper ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

The Relationship

Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest public health concerns worldwide, which includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other rare forms of diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota is closely associated with the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus. In addition, various dietary natural products and their bioactive components have exhibited anti-diabetic activity by modulating intestinal microbiota. This review addresses the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes mellitus, and discusses the effects of natural products on diabetes mellitus and its complications by modulating gut microbiota, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. It is hoped that this review paper can be helpful for better understanding of the relationships among natural products, gut microbiota, and diabetes mellitus.

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Associations of Circulating Irisin with FNDC5 Expression in Fat and Muscle in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 322

Author(s):

Songling Jiang ◽

Lingjuan Piao ◽

Eun Bi Ma ◽

Hunjoo Ha ◽

Joo Young Huh

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Epididymal Fat ◽

Study Population ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine, suggested to exert beneficial effects on metabolism. However, the studies on the regulation of irisin secretion and the expression of its precursor FNDC5 have shown conflicting data. The discrepancies among previous correlation studies in humans are related to the heterogeneity of the study population. The fact that irisin is not only a myokine but also an adipokine leads to the further complexity of the role of irisin in metabolic regulation. In this study, we examined the regulation of FNDC5 expression and irisin in circulation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice, and their potential relationships with metabolic parameters. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and db/db mice, the circulating irisin as well as FNDC5 gene expression in subcutaneous fat was downregulated. Muscle FNDC5 expression was only significantly lower in STZ mice, and epididymal fat FNDC5 expression was unaltered. It is interesting to note that plasma irisin levels correlated positively with subcutaneous fat FNDC5 expression, but not epididymal fat or muscle. Moreover, both irisin levels and subcutaneous fat FNDC5 correlated negatively with markers of insulin resistance. These results suggest a regulatory role for subcutaneous fat-derived FNDC5/irisin in metabolic disease.

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Genetic deletion of growth differentiation factor 15 augments renal damage in both type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 305 (9) ◽

pp. F1249-F1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Magdalena Mazagova ◽

Hendrik Buikema ◽

Azuwerus van Buiten ◽

Marry Duin ◽

Maaike Goris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Damage ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Tubular Damage ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Differentiation Factor ◽

Genetic Deletion ◽

Glomerular Damage

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is emerging as valuable biomarker in cardiovascular disease and diabetic kidney disease. Also, GDF15 represents an early response gene induced after tissue injury and studies performed in GDF15 knockout (KO) mice suggest that GDF15 plays a protective role after injury. In the current study, we investigated the role of GDF15 in the development of diabetic kidney damage in type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes. Renal damage was assessed in GDF15 KO mice and wild-type (WT) mice in streptozotocin type 1 and db/db type 2 diabetic models. Genetic deletion of GDF15 augmented tubular and interstitial damage in both models of diabetes, despite similar diabetic states in KO and WT mice. Increased tubular damage in KO animals was associated with increased glucosuria and polyuria in both type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes. In both models of diabetes, KO mice showed increased interstitial damage as indicated by increased α-smooth muscle actin staining and collagen type 1 expression. In contrast, glomerular damage was similarly elevated in diabetic KO and WT mice. In type 1 diabetes, GDF15 KO mice demonstrated increased expression of inflammatory markers. In type 2 diabetes, elevated levels of plasma creatinine indicated impaired kidney function in KO mice. GDF15 protects the renal interstitium and tubular compartment in experimental type 1 and 2 diabetes without affecting glomerular damage.

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What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 688-704

Author(s):

Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽

Anny Castilla-Earls ◽

Jeff Higginbotham

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Expertise ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

School Based ◽

Research Findings ◽

Ebp Implementation

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.

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