Brief analysis about the smoking economic benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Efraín Sánchez González ◽  
Fé Fernández Hernández

Background. Smoking is given by the tobacco consumption. Thus all smoking economic benefits are based on this fact. Some economic sectors are benefited from the smoking economic impact over the health services demand. The magnitude of these economic benefits is given by the relevancy from the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking. Objective. To describe the main economic benefits attributable to smoking. Materials and methods. As theoric methods were used the historic – logic the inductive – deductive and the comparative. As empiric method it used the bibliographic research. Results. The financial resources able to access to the health services may be limited by the same reason that motive the health service demand: the smoking. One of the more singular economic benefits from smoking is given by the smoker earlier death. The smoker over-mortality carries to reduce the demand of Social Security services to retired people agree to life expectation reduction. Much times the unquestionable health valued isn´t sufficiently considered by fiscal authorities who consider more important at short time the practice value from the smoking economic benefits. That’s why it isn´t sufficient with the understanding and acknowledge from the smoking impact over the life quality and life expectation. Conclusion. The social and the human development may not be supported in the existence of a risk factor that reduces the life value reducing the health quality and life expectative at same time, which raise the living cost and favor to a reduced people number across the addiction to the nicotine.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Fé Fernández Hernández

Background: Smoking has several consequences over the society and the economy at same time. Because of smoking smokers are reducing the life quality and life expectation too. That is the main cause of absolute socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking. Objective: To characterize the absolute socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking. Materials and methods: Were used several theorical methods as the inductive – deductive and the comparative too. As empirical method was used the bibliographic research. Results: Smoking is the main cause of the existence of this particular inequity form. That’s why to eliminate the absolute socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking is necessary focus the attention in the reduction of the tobacco consumption intensity as main explicative variable for personal smoker demand of health services because of smoking. Conclusions: The absolute socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking is showed by mortality and morbidity too. In both case the strategic to reduce the tobacco consumption must focus the attention as main way to control, reduce and eliminate the absolute socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking


Author(s):  
Ana Paula Fagundes ◽  
Valéria Leite Soares

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a qualidade de vida e o cotidiano de cuidadores de pacientes hospitalizados. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa o WHOQOL – Bref e um questionário estruturado. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Dos 19 sujeitos investigados, 100% eram cuidadores informais; 10,53 % não tinham laços parentais com o paciente e 89% eram do gênero feminino. Quanto à percepção destes em relação à qualidade de vida, 52,6% a consideram-na boa, e quanto ao quesito saúde, 52,6% disseram estar satisfeitos neste aspecto. Visto que a percepção em relação à qualidade de vida e saúde foi favorável, observou-se que outros fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida, como: sono, lazer, relações sociais e outros estavam prejudicados. As condições emocionais e de ambiência do hospital foram investigadas apontando fragilidades. Os resultados indicaram prejuízos na qualidade de vida e no cotidiano dos cuidadores pesquisados. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of life in the everyday routine of hospitalized patient caregivers. For data collection, WHOQOL - Bref and a structured questionnaire was used as research instruments, and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Of the 19 people investigated, 100% were informal caregivers; 10.53% have no parental ties with the patient; and 89% were female. Regarding the perception of these in relation to quality of life, 5.3% consider it very bad and about the health quality, 5.3% exposed being very dissatisfied while 10.5% are just dissatisfied. Despite the favorable perception of the quality of life and health, it was observed that another factors associated to life quality like sleep, leisure, social relationships and others were harmed. The emotional ambience and hospital conditions were investigated and the results indicate that the quality of life and routine of the caregivers who have participated in the survey were affected.Keywords: Caregivers; Quality of life; Occupational therapy.


Author(s):  
N. D. Borshchik

The article considers little-studied stories in Russian historiography about the post-war state of Yalta — one of the most famous health resorts of the Soviet Union, the «pearl» of the southern coast of Crimea. Based on the analysis of mainly archival sources, the most important measures of the party and Soviet leadership bodies, the heads of garrisons immediately after the withdrawal of the fascist occupation regime were analyzed. It was established that the authorities paid priority attention not only to the destroyed economy and infrastructure, but also to the speedy introduction of all-Union and departmental sanatoriums and recreation houses, other recreational facilities. As a result of their coordinated actions in the region, food industry enterprises, collective farms and cooperative artels, objects of cultural heritage and the social and everyday sphere were put into operation in a short time.


Repositor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feny Aries Tanti ◽  
Galih Wasis Wicaksono ◽  
Agus Eko Minarno

AbstrakJalan merupakan prasarana yang ada di darat untuk sektor sosial dan ekonomi. Kesadaran pemerintah dalam memperbaiki jalan yang rusak merupakan hal utama dalam anggaran daerah. Peningkatan jumlah lokasi jalan berkaitan dengan peningkatan jumlah perbaikan jalan yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi perbaikan jalan yang terbaik. Jalan yang diperbaiki berdasarkan dari beberapa alternatif posisi lokasi perbaikan jalan. Cara menetapkan lokasi perbaikan jalan dengan memberikan posisi peringkat alternatif berdasarkan kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan pertimbangan kriteria dapat diukur secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) dan SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap program sudah dapat digunakan. Hasil dari perhitungan program sudah sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan yang sudah dilakukan. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 10 responden. Dengan sistem ini diharapkan membantu pihak Pekerjaan Umum (PU) Bina Marga untuk menentukan lokasi perbaikan jalan secara lebih objektif. Kata Kunci: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Simple Additive Weighting, Sistem Pendukung KeputusanAbstractThe road is a land-based infrastructure for the social and economic sectors. Government awareness in repairing a broken road is a key thing in a regional budget. The increasing number of road locations relates to the increasing number of road repairs to be made. The research aims to determine the location of the best road repairs. The repaired path is based off several alternative position of road repair location. How to set the road repair location by providing an alternate ranking position based on the criteria already set. Based on consideration criteria can be measured quantitatively by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Based on the test results of the program can be used. The results of the program calculation are already in accordance with the calculated results. Testing was conducted against 10 respondents. This system is expected to assist the Public Works (PU) of Bina Marga to determine the location of road repairs in a more objective. Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Simple Additive Weighting, Decision Support System


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adweeti Nepal ◽  
Santa Kumar Dangol ◽  
Anke van der Kwaak

Abstract Background The persistent quality gap in maternal health services in Nepal has resulted in poor maternal health outcomes. Accordingly, the Government of Nepal (GoN) has placed emphasis on responsive and accountable maternal health services and initiated social accountability interventions as a strategical approach simultaneously. This review critically explores the social accountability interventions in maternal health services in Nepal and its outcomes by analyzing existing evidence to contribute to the informed policy formulation process. Methods A literature review and desk study undertaken between December 2018 and May 2019. An adapted framework of social accountability by Lodenstein et al. was used for critical analysis of the existing literature between January 2000 and May 2019 from Nepal and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) that have similar operational context to Nepal. The literature was searched and extracted from database such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, and web search engines such as Google Scholar using defined keywords. Results The study found various social accountability interventions that have been initiated by GoN and external development partners in maternal health services in Nepal. Evidence from Nepal and other LMICs showed that the social accountability interventions improved the quality of maternal health services by improving health system responsiveness, enhancing community ownership, addressing inequalities and enabling the community to influence the policy decision-making process. Strong gender norms, caste-hierarchy system, socio-political and economic context and weak enforceability mechanism in the health system are found to be the major contextual factors influencing community engagement in social accountability interventions in Nepal. Conclusions Social accountability interventions have potential to improve the quality of maternal health services in Nepal. The critical factor for successful outcomes in maternal health services is quality implementation of interventions. Similarly, continuous effort is needed from policymakers to strengthen monitoring and regulatory mechanism of the health system and decentralization process, to improve access to the information and to establish proper complaints and feedback system from the community to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions. Furthermore, more study needs to be conducted to evaluate the impact of the existing social accountability interventions in improving maternal health services in Nepal.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fernando Allende Álvarez ◽  
Gillian Gómez-Mediavilla ◽  
Nieves López-Estébanez ◽  
Pedro Molina Holgado ◽  
Judith Ares Barajas

The present paper highlights the importance of hedgerows and enclosures in the mountains of Central Spain. Now, these landscapes have suffered profound variations in terms of agroforestry practices, especially in the Mediterranean mountains where the characteristic multifunctional has largely been lost. The article analyzes land uses changes, dynamics, and their morphological features between the first half of the 20th Century (1956) and the second decade of the present time (2019). The paper was divided into three sections. First, the identification of land uses using orthophotograph and aerial photograph; after that the info was checked with fieldwork. Eleven categories were identified according to the dominant use and land use changes and size of land parcels were taken into consideration. Second, the configuration and the information collected through the type and intensity of change in land uses made it possible to recognise and quantify their distribution and trend between these two dates. Also, the kernel density algorithm available in the Arcgis 10.5 software was used to obtain density and changes in land parcels. Finally, an overview is given of the main role that this agroforestry plays due to the social, ecological, and economic benefits that they provide for allowing sustainable development.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110612
Author(s):  
Alice Libânia S Dias ◽  
Lisete Celina Lange ◽  
Aline Souza Magalhães

This article presents an approach to compensate waste pickers in the informal sector of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, via a Payment for Urban Environmental Services (PUES) instrument, called ‘Recycling Exchange’. The aim is to evaluate the effects of this instrument on the amount of waste diverted from landfill and reintroduced into the production chain, and to increase recognition of waste pickers’ contributions to the state’s economy. It was found that the ‘Recycling Exchange’ met the fundamental objectives of a PUES: the double social and economic benefits of the social inclusion of waste pickers in the execution of the public policy for solid waste management, and inducing (in the case of glass), ensuring and stabilising (plastic and paper) continuity of the activity of selling recyclables in times of wide price fluctuations for these recyclables. The instrument enhanced the provision of this environmental service and the positive externalities associated with recycling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Tom Baker ◽  
Ryan Jones ◽  
Michael Mann ◽  
Nick Lewis

Drawing on observations at the 2017 Social Enterprise World Forum (SEWF) – a global conference held in Christchurch, New Zealand – this paper examines the significance of localised event spaces in shaping economic subjects and, by extension, economic sectors. Conferences such as the SEWF are sites and moments that provide access to new knowledge, foster collective action and shape the subjectivities of economic actors. We describe how the SEWF cultivated sympathetic affective responses towards social enterprise and the subject position of the social entrepreneur, and demonstrate how the local specificities of Christchurch, as a place, were key to the cultivation of social-entrepreneurial subjectivity at the SEWF.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Lulu Liu

Objectives: Starting from the tobacco economy, this paper studies the “surge phenomenon” of macro-economy in developing countries. Methods: This paper studies the impact of tobacco industry on Anhui economy by using the relevant theories of industrial economics, econometrics and regulatory economics, combined with the actual situation of tobacco industry. Based on the analysis of the overall development of tobacco industry, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between tobacco industry and Anhui economic growth. This paper combs the relevant literature of the existing research results of this theory. Combined with the special fact that government investment accounts for a large proportion in China’s current economic construction, this paper redefines the hypothesis of the investor in the theory of principles. On this basis, the expected equilibrium results of enterprise investment decision-making under government led and market led modes are compared and analyzed by using incomplete information static game model. Results: When the output value of tobacco industry increases by 1%, it will drive the GDP to increase by 0.373%. Secondly, by comparing the economic benefits of tobacco with the social costs of tobacco, it is found that with the economic development, the social costs caused by tobacco increase year by year, but the economic benefits are slightly greater than the social costs. The difference between the two is also increasing year by year. Conclusion: In the context of tobacco control, we should fully consider the advantages and disadvantages of developing the tobacco industry. Under the excessive intervention of the government, the manifestation of the surge phenomenon is more intense, and the final consequence of overcapacity is more serious than that under the market-oriented mode..


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Simone Santini

We develop a model of infection spread that takes into account the existence of a vulnerable group as well as the variability of the social relations of individuals. We develop a compartmentalized power-law model, with power-law connections between the vulnerable and the general population, considering these connections as well as the connections among the vulnerable as parameters that we vary in our tests. We use the model to study a number of vaccination strategies under two hypotheses: first, we assume a limited availability of vaccine but an infinite vaccination capacity, so all the available doses can be administered in a short time (negligible with respect to the evolution of the epidemic). Then, we assume a limited vaccination capacity, so the doses are administered in a time non-negligible with respect to the evolution of the epidemic. We develop optimal strategies for the various social parameters, where a strategy consists of (1) the fraction of vaccine that is administered to the vulnerable population and (2) the criterion that is used to administer it to the general population. In the case of a limited vaccination capacity, the fraction (1) is a function of time, and we study how to optimize it to obtain a maximal reduction in the number of fatalities.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document