scholarly journals Dengue Infection: Frequently Asked Questions by People in the Province of Aklan, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-15
Author(s):  
Makarius Tel Aviv C. Dela Cru ◽  
Benie T. Constantino IH
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Plasma Leakage

Dengue virus is the most common mosquito borne viral disease in humans, and poses a major challenge to global public health services. Infection can be caused by any of the 4 DENV serotypes, transmitted by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Presenting features may vary from a mild self-limiting febrile illness to life-threatening symptoms of bleeding, organ impairment, and plasma leakage leading to shock. Early diagnosis and monitoring are critical to reduce mortality, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Laboratory tests, such as the serological detection of either antigen or antibodies are useful in the diagnosis. Currently, although a vaccine for DENV is available, it remains a challenge to develop an effective vaccine against 4 discrete serotypes and antiviral drugs effective in reducing morbidity or improving disease outcome.

scholarly journals Uncommon Atypical Presentations of COVID-19: Important and Should Not be Under Recognized!

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sim Sai ◽  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease that has become a global public health concern in 2020. This disease is caused by a novel coronavirus firstly detected in the People’s Republic of China. This viral infection can cause febrile illness and respiratory problems. There are other uncommon clinical presentations of COVID-19 such as afebrile illness, diarrhea, non-coughing and confusion. These atypical presentations can result in difficulty in diagnosing the disease. In this short review, the authors specifically discuss the important uncommon atypical presentations of COVID-19.

Identification of potential vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, A step forward to fight COVID 19: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Gupta ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar Niraj
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Antigenic Peptide ◽  
Reverse Vaccinology ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Potential Vaccine

UNSTRUCTURED The recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes an immense health crisis to global public health. The etiological agent of COVID-19, a recently arose disease is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Presently, more research in the field of effecting vaccine against this emerged viral disease is indeed a need of the hour. In the current study, we collected SARS-CoV-2 genome which is prominent in India against human host, furthermore using reverse vaccinology here we prove effective vaccine candidates that can be milestone in the battle against COVID19. This novel study divulged one promising antigenic peptide GVYFASTEK from surface glycoprotein (protein accession no. - QIA98583.1) of SARS-CoV-2, which was predicted to be interacted with MHC alleles and showed up to 90% conservancy and high value of antigenicity. Subsequently, the molecular docking and simulation studies were verified molecular interaction of this prime antigenic peptide with the residues of HLA-A*11-01 allele for MHC Class I. After vigorous analysis, this peptide was predicted to be a suitable epitope that is capable to induce a strong cell-mediated immune response against the SARS-CoV-2. Consequences from the current study could facilitate selecting SARS-CoV-2 epitopes for vaccine production pipelines in the immediate future. This novel research will certainly pave the way for a fast, reliable and virtuous platform to provide timely countermeasure of this dangerous pandemic disease, COVID-19.

scholarly journals Zika Virus: A Global Threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Nasreen Farhana ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Zika virus is a enveloped, non-segmented, ichoshedral single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus. It belongs to the Flaviviridae and was first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the Zika forest, Uganda, then in mosquitoes (Aedes africanus) in the same forest in 1948 and in a human in Nigeria in 1952. Before 2007, viral circulation and a few outbreaks were documented in tropical Africa and in some areas in Southeast Asia. In 2015, Zika viral disease outbreaks were reported in Brazil of South America for the first time and it is now considered as an emerging infectious disease. This ongoing outbreak of Zika virus that began in Brazil has spread too much of South and Central America (except Canada and Chile) and the Caribbean. According to the CDC, Brazilian health authorities reported more than 404 cases of microcephaly between October 2015 and January 2016. Seventeen of those cases have a confirmed link to the Zika virus. Its natural reservoir is yet to be unknown. Transmission mainly by mosquito Aedes aegypti but it can be transmitted from human to human by blood transfusion, saliva, urine and sexual contact. Most dangerous transmission is mother to fetus through placenta. Its actual pathogenesis is not clear but the pathogenesis of the virus is hypothesized to start with an infection of dendritic cells near the site of inoculation, followed by a spread to lymph nodes and the bloodstream Other than congenital malformation (microcephaly) disease symptoms are usually mild and short-lasting self-limiting febrile illness of 4-7 days duration without severe complications. No commercial diagnostic method against Zika virus are available. The virus constitutes an important public health threat in America and also worldwide as no effective treatment or vaccine is available till now. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the microcephaly condition, linked to the mosquito-borne virus, a global public health emergency.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 7, No. 2: Jul 2016, P 29-35

scholarly journals The clinical profile of dengue infection cases presenting in a tertiary care institute: an observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Kiran Shrivastava ◽  
Sakshi Ojha ◽  
Jayashree Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Atypical Symptoms

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions of WHO in recent years. It is an acute febrile illness, caused by infection with any of 4 related positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Flavivirus, dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, or 4. Objective of study was to study the clinical profile of dengue viral infection in the paediatric age group.Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre in Central India. Cases were classified based on the WHO 2009 Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control and the clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed for demographic and other correlates.Results: 75 patients met all the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Most children were in age group 6-10 years. Fever, bleeding, rash, abdominal pain and vomiting were the common symptoms. We noted some atypical symptoms also.Conclusions: When infected, early recognition and prompt supportive treatment in dengue infection can substantially lower the risk of medical complications and death.

scholarly journals Immunophenotyping and transcriptional profiling of human plasmablasts in dengue.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Aggarwal ◽  
Keshav Saini ◽  
Elluri Seetharami Reddy ◽  
Mohit Singla ◽  
Kaustuv Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Systemic Infections

Plasmablasts represent a specialized class of antibody secreting effector B cell population that transiently appear in blood circulation following infection or vaccination. The expansion of these cells generally tends to be massive in patients with systemic infections leading to viral hemorrhagic fevers such as dengue or ebola. To gain a detailed understanding of the human plasmablast responses beyond antibody expression, here we performed immunophenotyping and RNA seq analysis of the plasmablasts from dengue febrile children in India. We found that the plasmablasts expressed several adhesion molecules and chemokines or chemokine receptors that are involved in endothelial interactions or homing to inflamed tissues including skin, mucosa, and intestine; and upregulated expression of several cytokine genes that are involved in leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis. These plasmablasts also upregulated expression of receptors for several B cell pro-survival cytokines that are known to be induced robustly in systemic viral infections such as dengue, some of which generally tend to be relatively higher in patients manifesting hemorrhage and/or shock compared to patients with mild febrile infection. These findings improve our understanding of human plasmablast responses during the acute febrile phase of systemic dengue infection. Importance Dengue is globally spreading, with over 100 million clinical cases annually, with symptoms ranging from mild self-limiting febrile illness to more severe and sometimes life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock, especially among children. The pathophysiology of dengue is complex and remains poorly understood despite many advances indicating a key role for antibody dependent enhancement of infection. While serum antibodies have been extensively studied, the characteristics of the early cellular factories responsible for antibody production, i.e., plasmablasts, are only beginning to emerge. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional profiles of human plasmablasts from dengue patients.

scholarly journals Identification of potential vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, A step forward to fight COVID-19: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Gupta ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar Niraj
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Antigenic Peptide ◽  
Reverse Vaccinology ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

AbstractThe recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes an immense health crisis to global public health. The COVID-19 is the etiologic agent of a recently arose disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Presently, there is no vaccine available against this emerged viral disease. Therefore, it is indeed a need of the hour to develop an effectual and safe vaccine against this decidedly pandemic disease. In the current study, we collected SARS-CoV-2 genome which is prominent in India against human host, further more using reverse vaccinology here we claim effective vaccine candidates that can be mile stone in battle against COVID19. This novel study divulged one promising antigenic peptide GVYFASTEK from surface glycoprotein (protein accession no. - QIA98583.1) of SARS-CoV-2, which was predicated to be interacted with MHC alleles and showed up to 90% conservancy and high value of antigenicity. Subsequently, the molecular docking and simulation studies were verified molecular interaction of this prime antigenic peptide with the residues of HLA-A*11–01 allele for MHC Class I. After vigorous analysis, this peptide was predicted to be suitable epitope which is capable to induce the strong cell-mediated immune response against the SARS-CoV-2. Consequences from the current study could facilitate selecting SARS-CoV-2 epitopes for vaccine production pipelines in the immediate future. This novel research will certainly pave the way for a fast, reliable and virtuous platform to provide timely countermeasure of this dangerous pandemic disease, COVID-19.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

scholarly journals A novel chemical biology and computational approach to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xukai Jiang ◽  
Nitin A. Patil ◽  
Mohammad A. K. Azad ◽  
Hasini Wickremasinghe ◽  
Heidi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have been an urgent threat to global public health. Novel antibiotics are desperately needed to combat these 'superbugs'.

scholarly journals Development of Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Displaying Conserved Epitopes of Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 1

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Nikole L. Warner ◽  
Kathryn M. Frietze
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Conserved Regions ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Plasma Leakage

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health problem, with over half of the world’s population at risk of infection. Despite over 60 years of efforts, no licensed vaccine suitable for population-based immunization against DENV is available. Here, we describe efforts to engineer epitope-based vaccines against DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 is present in DENV-infected cells as well as secreted into the blood of infected individuals. NS1 causes disruption of endothelial cell barriers, resulting in plasma leakage and hemorrhage. Immunizing against NS1 could elicit antibodies that block NS1 function and also target NS1-infected cells for antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. We identified highly conserved regions of NS1 from all four DENV serotypes. We generated synthetic peptides to these regions and chemically conjugated them to bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs). Mice were immunized two times with the candidate vaccines and sera were tested for the presence of antibodies that bound to the cognate peptide, recombinant NS1 from all four DENV serotypes, and DENV-2-infected cells. We found that two of the candidate vaccines elicited antibodies that bound to recombinant NS1, and one candidate vaccine elicited antibodies that bound to DENV-infected cells. These results show that an epitope-specific vaccine against conserved regions of NS1 could be a promising approach for DENV vaccines or therapeutics to bind circulating NS1 protein.

scholarly journals Chikungunya: epidemiology

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle R. Petersen ◽  
Ann M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Temperate Climates

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. Joint pains may last months or years. It is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. In recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world and, as such, has also become a frequent cause of travel-associated febrile illness. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biological and sociological underpinnings of its emergence and its future global outlook.

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