BIODIVERSITY OF MOLD FUNGI IN THE AREAS OF THE CITY OF CHEBOKSARY

A study of 12 soil samples in the summer period in the districts of the city of Cheboksary was conducted. The aim of the research was to conduct a mycological analysis of the soil and isolate particularly dangerous micromycetes in the urban environment. Soil samples were taken from the Moskovsky, Kalininsky, Leninsky districts of Cheboksary and Marposadsky highway. The pH of the soil environment of the city of Cheboksary was: Embankment of the Moskovsky district – 7.67, Kirovsky – 7.23; Leninsky – 7.28; Marposadskoe highway – 7.51. In mycological analysis of soil samples on agarized media of Chapek, the highest concentration of micromycetes was recorded in soil samples from the Moskovsky district on the Embankment, where the concentration of fungi of the genus Aspergillus fumigates was 27 %, fungi of the genus Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum was 15 %. The soil of the Leninsky district was dominated by fungi of the genus Penicillium, their concentration was 23 %, Aspergillus flavus – 18 %. Isolates of fungi of the genus Penicillium spp. were isolated in the soil of the Kalininsky district, and their concentration was – 7 %, Aspergillus flavus – 21 %. The soil from the Marpasad highway was dominated by fungi of the genus Mucor sp. Testing on Paramecium caudatum infusoria showed that the field isolate of Aspergillus fumigates had toxic properties, the evaluation criterion for biotesting was 38 %. Aspergillus flavus showed a 78 % survival rate when tested on infusoria.

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Evaluation of the efficacy and optimization of indigenous microbial isolate for herbicides (Paraquat Dichloride, Glyphosate, and Glyphosate isopropylamine) degradation

BIOMED natural and applied science ◽

10.53858/bnas01022430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Zaharadeen Murtala Ibrahim ◽

Makwin Danladi Makut ◽

Abdullahi Ari Omale ◽

Magaji Umar Abubakar

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Fusarium Redolens ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Enterobacter Asburiae

The presence of herbicides in soil is a serious problem for the environment. Studies on degradation of Herbicide (Paraquate dichloride (PD), Rake out (RO) and Gobara (GB)) by bacteria and fungi species isolated from soil environment in Keffi Metropolis Nigeria were carried out. A total of twenty (20) soil samples were collected. The bacteria and fungi were isolated from the soil and identified using standard microbiological methods. The herbicides utilization was determined using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer. The effect of temperature on utilization of the herbicides by Enterobacter asburiae at 26OC ranges from 1.23±0.11 mg/ml for PD, 1.14±0.29 mg/ml for RO and 0.53±0.86mg/ml for GB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilization ranges from 1.45±0.17 mg/ml for PD, 1.17±0.35 mg/ml, for RO 1.12± 0.82mg/ml for GB. Aspergillus flavus ranges from 2.12±0.19 mg/ml for PD, 2.00±0.03 mg/ml for RO and 2.02±0.57 mg/ml for GB, Fusarium redolens were 2.19±0.26 mg/ml for PD, 2.15±0.08 mg/ml for RO and 1.92±0.16 mg/ml for GB. Effect of incubation time on microbial herbicides degradations: for E. asburiae on PD it ranges from day 1 with 0.24±0.37 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.06±0.11 mg/ml. for P. aeruginosa on PD ranges from day 1 with 0.38±0.08 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.39±1.45 mg/ml. The Utilization of herbicides by A. flavus on PD ranges from day 1 with 0.10±0.01 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.29±0.12 mg/ml. for F. redolens in PD, it ranges from day 1 with 0.27±0.08 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.57±0.27mg/ml. The process of degradation of herbicide has become very attractive as it allows for removal of herbicide over a relatively broad range of pH and temperature

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Avaliação da micoflora e ocorrência de micotoxinas em cascas de amendoim em diferentes estágios de maturação da vagem

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542008000500004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1380-1386 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edlayne Gonçalez ◽

Tiago Noel de Souza ◽

Maria Helena Rossi ◽

Joana D'arc Felicio ◽

Benedito Corrêa

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Penicillium Spp

As cascas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) são de grande importância para confecção de cama de frangos, de gado de leite e como fonte de fibras para ruminantes, portanto a elucidação dos mecanismos de contaminação por fungos toxigênicos e por micotoxinas em amendoim é imprescindível, especialmente para que medidas preventivas possam ser tomadas. Realizou-se, este trabalho, em Junqueirópolis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os principais fungos isolados nas cascas de amendoim foram Fusarium ssp. (78,75 %), Rhizopus ssp. (14,1 %) e A. flavus (11,75 %). No solo foram isolados Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. e Aspergillus flavus, entre outros. Aflatoxinas foram detectadas em amostras de cascas de amendoim a partir do estágio de granação em concentrações que variaram de 5,42 μg/kg a 218,52 μg/kg. Ácido ciclopiazônico e fumonisinas B1 e B2 não foram detectadas. A presença de A. flavus e aflatoxinas nas amostras, revela a importância de um controle das cascas de amendoim antes de sua utilização. Boas práticas agrícolas são indicadas para região, uma vez que a contaminação das vagens ocorreu antes da colheita.

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INTRODUCING A METHOD OF URBAN SOIL RISK EVALUATION – A CASE STUDY ON URBAN RECREATIONAL AREAS IN CLUJ NAPOCA

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v20i4.50 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

ANDRA CRISTINA GAGIU ◽

ELENA MARIA PICA ◽

CLAUDIU TANASELIA ◽

MONICA URSU

Keyword(s):

Urban Soil ◽

Risk Evaluation ◽

Quantitative Method ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Risk Assessment Method ◽

Pollution Management ◽

Potential Risks ◽

The City

Assessing risks related to urban soil contamination represents a key part of pollution management. The current research proposes a quantitative method that defines and highlights unacceptable risks. The applicability of the method is presented in a case study on several urban recreational areas from the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, Co, Ni and Mg were identified in a number of 48 soil samples from 12 intensively used recreational areas in Cluj-Napoca. The proposed risk assessment method is applied, and potential risks are calculated for all locations.

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Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 851 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

A T Sekarningsih ◽

W Budianta ◽

I W Warmada ◽

H Hinode

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Soil Samples ◽

City Center ◽

Urban City ◽

Heavy Metals Contamination ◽

The City ◽

Cu And Zn ◽

Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

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Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000322019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Dannyelle Cristine Orsolin de Morais ◽

Marco Aurélio Tramontin ◽

Vanessa Andaló

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Native Forest ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Pasture Area ◽

The City

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are potential candidate for integrated pest management programs. As little is known about the presence of these organisms in the state of Santa Catarina, it was aimed to perform soil sampling in the cities of Chapecó, Palmitos, Seara and Concordia for the isolation of EPNs. In total, 200 samples (100 g soil) were collected. In Chapecó, 40 samples from soil containing green manure (Raphanus sativus), five samples from native forest area and five samples from riparian forest were collected. In the city of Palmitos, 40 soil samples were obtained in the areas of soybean (Glycine max), corn (Zea mays), oats (Avena strigosa), and pasture (Pennisetum purpureum), and in each location 10 samples were taken. Sixty soil samples were collected in the city of Concordia, in a pasture area (A. strigosa). In Seara, the 50 soil samples were collected at a pasture consortium site between ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and black oats (A. strigosa). For the isolation, the collected soil samples were conditioned in 350 mL plastic containers and sent to the laboratory of the university. Later, four larvae of Tenebrio molitor of last instar were inserted, and the sets were maintained at the temperature of 25°C for seven days. After this period, the presence of dead larvae was verified, and the confirmation of the mortality by EPNs was evaluated using of White’s trap. The positive samples for EPNs were obtained from the cities of Chapecó and Concordia, which corresponded to 2% of the total soil samples.

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SOIL CONTAMINATION IN PUBLIC SQUARES IN BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS, BY CANINE PARASITES IN DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652013000400002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 229-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luciane Madureira Ribeiro ◽

Ruth Massote Dracz ◽

Lanuze Rose Mozzer ◽

Walter dos Santos Lima

Keyword(s):

Soil Contamination ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

The City ◽

Recreation And Leisure

SUMMARY To evaluate soil contamination by parasites in different developmental stages in public squares used as recreation and leisure areas for children in Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil), 210 soil samples and 141 canine fecal samples were collected from 42 squares in the city. These samples were analyzed by the Caldwell and Caldwell technique and the Hoffman, Pons, and Janer technique. Of the samples analyzed, 89 (42.4%) soil samples and 104 (73.5%) fecal samples were contaminated with Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., or Dipylidium sp. eggs; Giardia sp. cysts; or Isospora sp. oocysts. The commonest parasite was Ancylostoma sp., found in 85% soil and 99% fecal samples, followed by Toxocara sp., found in 43.7% soil and 30.7% fecal samples.

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Specification of the beechwood soil environment based on chosen soil properties, aiming at the Fageta paupera habitat

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/66/2010-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 185-191

Author(s):

A. Kučera ◽

K. Rejšek ◽

P. Dundek ◽

K. Marosz ◽

P. Samec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

European Beech ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Laboratory Assessment ◽

Definition Of ◽

Properties Of Soil ◽

And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with a specific type of homogeneous beechwood called Fageta paupera. The aim is to acquire information about the heterogeneity of soil environment. As a material we used 20 research plots of semi-natural European beech stands, where the sampling of soil profile and the observation of floristic conditions were realized. Laboratory assessment of soil samples was focused on physicochemical and chemical properties of soil: pH/CaCl2, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, CEC (T, S, V), Cox, Nt, C/N, C-FA, C-HA, C-CHL, C-HA/FA. Data processing was done with the aim to discover a variability of soils, observing soil genetic horizons individually (H, A, B, C). Research plots were divided into biotopes with the cover of understory vegetation < 15% and > 15% (in accordance with the definition of Fageta paupera) and the variability of soil properties in each horizon for the two above-mentioned biotopes and furthermore for all plots together was investigated. Results show the highest variability of soil properties in the biotope of Fageta paupera, especially in its holorganic (H) and organomineral (A) horizons. Furthermore, regression analysis showed the strongest dependence of the variability of soil properties in the biotope of Fageta paupera.

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Distribution of Available S in the Soil Environment of Yunnan Plateau

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1532 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 779-780 ◽

pp. 1532-1536

Author(s):

Ai Guo Wang ◽

Chen Cheng Hu ◽

Wen Wang ◽

Xiao Jin Geng ◽

Zhong Jun He

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Nutrient Element ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Yunnan Plateau ◽

Variation Range ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

Base Soil

S element is essential nutrient element of the crop and has spatial variability in soil. It is the base of managing soil S nutrition and reasonable fertilization to understand spatial variability of soil S element fully. Distribution of available S for Baiyao base was studied in this paper. Results show that the available S content of Baiyao base soil was 18.39 mg/kg on average, but the variation range was larger, and 80.84% SAI value of the soil samples were lower than 14, so the base soil had a greater risk of S. The higher available S content were mainly distributed in the middle, east and south areas of Baiyao base, but there were wide areas with lower S content in Baiyao base. In addition, OM had low linear correlation with available S. Nutrient division management was recommended to improve the reasonable application of S.

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Simulating Carbon Sequestration using Cellular Automata and land use assessment; Case of: Karaj City, Iran

10.5194/se-2017-20 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Khatibi ◽

Sharareh Pourebrahim ◽

Mazlin Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Cellular Automata ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Barren Area ◽

Average Value ◽

Class Average ◽

Effective Use ◽

The City

Abstract. In this study, in the city of Karaj five classes of land use-cover including residential, agriculture, rangeland, forest and barren areas were considered and randomly in each class a total of 20 points were selected and vegetation and soil samples were taken. In plant samples, the amount of carbon sequestration was determined by calculating the amount of organic carbon by dry weight and in soil samples, the amount of carbon sequestration was determined by using Walleky and Black method, too. For each area, the average value of carbon sequestration of samples was introduced as carbon sequestration index of that class. Average values for each category were determined as an indicator of carbon sequestration of that class and then by using the DINAMICA EGO software a simulation was conducted using cellular automata approach to simulate changes in the classes of land use-cover in the city of Karaj. Finally, by using carbon sequestration index and the results of the simulation, changes in carbon sequestration in each class were calculated. On this basis, it was found that in the 15-year period from 2014 to 2029, not considering the residential class as the effective use of carbon sequestration, the greatest amount of carbon sequestration was found in the agricultural class and the lowest carbon sequestration was found in barren area. Also, agriculture class will be faced with the huge reduction of carbon sequestration, because of expansion of the residential area.

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Application of two different health risk assessment approaches to detect soil potentially toxic element induced risk

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7812 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gevorg Tepanosyan ◽

Lilit Sahakyan ◽

Armen Saghatelyan

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Copper Smelter ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Us Epa ◽

The City

Soils of urbanized and mining areas succeeded the main geochemical features of parent materials, as well as accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTE) from different anthropogenic sources. The latter resulted in the change of soil chemical composition and high level of PTE which may have negative reflection on people&#8217;s health. In this study 207 soil samples were collected from the entire territory of the city of Alaverdi hosting Alaverdi copper smelter. After the determination of Fe, Ba, Mn, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As and Mo concentrations by XRF the established data set was subjected for the PTE induced health risk assessment. In this study two commonly used health risk assessment approaches - Summary pollution index (Zc) [1]&#8211;[3] and Hazard Index (HI, US EPA) [4] were used to assess human health risk posed by the content of studied PTE in soil of Alaverdi city. The result showed that the detected concentrations are mainly the result of superposition of PTE contents introduced into the environment from natural mineralization processes and Alaverdi copper smelter related activities. The health risk assessment showed that the Zc values belonging to the extremely hazardous level has point-like shape and are surrounded by the hazardous and moderately hazardous levels, respectively. Summary pollution index showed that approximately 53 % of the city territory including the residential part is under the risk suggesting the increase in the overall incidence of diseases among frequently ill individuals, functional disorders of the vascular system and children with chronic diseases [1]. The US EPA method were in line with the results of the Zc and indicated that the observed contents of elements are posing non-carcinogenic risk to adult mainly near the copper smelter. In the case of children single-element non-carcinogenic risk values greater than 1 were detected for As, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Mo in 122, 95, 86, 10, 10, 9 and 6 samples out of 207 soil samples and the mean HQ values decrease in the following order: As(2.41)>Fe(1.14)>Co(1.09)> Mn(0.61)>Pb(0.41)>Cu(0.32)>V(0.19)>Mo(0.11)>Cr(0.05)>Ba(0.03)>Zn(0.02). The multi-elemental non-carcinogenic risk observed in the entire territory of the city indicating an adverse health effect to children. The results of this study suggesting the need of immediate risk reduction measures with special attention to arsenic.References:[1]&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; E. K. Burenkov and E. P. Yanin, &#8220;Ecogeochemical investigations in IMGRE: past, present, future,&#8221; Appl. Geochemistry, vol. 2, pp. 5&#8211;24, 2001.[2]&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; C. C. Johnson, A. Demetriades, J. Locutura, and R. T. Ottesen, Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas. 2011.[3]&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Y. E. Saet, B. A. Revich, and E. P. Yanin, Environmental geochemistry. Nedra, 1990.[4]&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; RAIS, &#8220;Risk Exposure Models for Chemicals User&#8217;s Guide,&#8221; The Risk Assessment Information System, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rais.ornl.gov/tools/rais_chemical_risk_guide.html. [Accessed: 01-Jan-2020].&#160;

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