scholarly journals Self help books and their titles – a lexical and syntactical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Pop Culture ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactical Analysis

The article presents results of an analysis of titles of English self-help books as animportant phenomenon of pop culture. The focus was placed on the role of the title bothas a key factor for the consumer decision-making process and as a carrier of culturalthought or an element of culture. Individual titles of self-help publications were dividedaccording to, among others, their length, structural and semantic features. The lexicallayer was discussed with particular emphasis on the elements that stand out from theselected research material. A syntactic analysis was undertaken in order to identify themost common structures to determine whether there is a rule for titling self-help booksthat would ensure their commercial success. The article also mentions the problemof intertextual references and rhetorical procedures that make titles more attractiveand perform advertising functions. The subject under scrutiny spans several branchesof science, including psychology and sociology.

On the role of person in the mapping of syntactic features onto their interpretable counterparts

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-672
Author(s):  
Ivona Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Person Features ◽  
The Subject

AbstractPerson features play a role in narrow-syntax processes. However, a person feature is often characterized as [±participant], a characterization that suggests pragmatic or semantic features. Relatedly, person has been the subject of an ongoing debate in the literature: one family of approaches argues that 3rd person is an elsewhere case, while another argues that it is a valued interpretable feature. This article provides a programatic argument that this disagreement has a principled basis. I argue that the representation of the features we identify as person changes between narrow syntax and the syntax-semantics interface. The tests and empirical descriptions are incongruent because they target different modules of the grammar and in turn different grammatical objects. The article thus contributes to our understanding of the division of labour among the modules, with a special focus on the autonomous status of narrow syntax.

scholarly journals PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS A MEANS OF ATTRACTION OF ENGLISH NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kinashchuk ◽  
Nataliia Sunko
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Newspaper Articles

The article is devoted to the study of the role of phraseological units in English newspaper headlines. The aim of the work is to study and analyze pragmatic functions of phraseological units in the headlines of modern British and American newspaper articles. The notion of phraseological unit is revealed and its features are defined. The subject of the study is 185 phraseological units belonging to three groups, namely: phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour, music and weather. The research material includes 9,200 headlines of English newspapers, dated 2014-2018 and selected from the Questia Online Library. Using the method of continuous sampling, we selected phraseological units from the dictionaries The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, Dictionary of English Idioms & Phrases and McGraw-Hill’s Essential American Idioms Dictionary. In addition, the frequency of use of phraseological units of the three groups in the headlines of British and American discourses was studied and analyzed. The study found that the most common of the three groups was the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour. The second most common is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of music, and the least numerous is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of weather. In addition, it was determined what phraseological units are the most common in English newspaper headlines and which ones are the least common.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION IN LANGUAGES OF ROMANCE, GERMANIC, AND SLAVIC GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1192
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bogoyavlenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Binary Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Logical Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

The study was carried out within the framework of the current problems associated with the evolution of the absolute participial construction in several living and extinct languages of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic groups. The controversial issues, versions of the origin and development of the structure in these languages ("Latin", "Greek" and "autochthonous") are discussed. The structural and semantic features of the absolute participial construction are compared. It has been established that in the languages under study, the construction has a binary structure that includes a name (noun or pronoun) playing the role of a logical subject, and a participle in the role of a logical predicate. Together with the main sentence, the construction forms a paratactic syntactic complex, the constituents of which are not connected with each other by means of service words. Similarities include the ability to express definitively or syncretically temporary meaning; as for the differences, they are the expression in some languages of a causal, conditional, concessive, target, connecting meaning. Depending on the peculiarities of the development of grammatical systems of languages, the structure may include participles of different types, prepositions may be present, the structure may take both the general case form and another case fixed by the language for this type of structures. The words order, which can be either direct or inverse or depend on the transmitted meaning or part of speech of the subject, also differs in the languages. In conclusion, the necessity of further comprehensive analysis of this type of structures is substantiated.

The soloist in contemporary piano concerti

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ellen Ugelvik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Research Question ◽  
New Music ◽  
General Level ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Subject

The project grew out of a need to improve my ability to tackle challenges I had faced playing contemporary piano concerti. The embodying of new aesthetics is a great challenge in premieres of new works. While the soloist has great potential for expressing personal artistic ideas within a large-scale concert-hall environment, the classical pianist education just does not cover all challenges of performing brand new concerti. The new music suffers. The general lack of contemporary music in educational repertoires has consequences for how the field of classical music develops, what kind of music we value, how we work and what kind of music we play and listen to in a musical society. I wanted to explore the potential of my role and investigate how I could behave and play to help to improve the sounding result of new piano concerti. I created this project with the overarching research question: Which abilities do I need to develop further, and to enable a progressive soloist role when faced with challenges in entirely new music, and what are the extended effects of such an expanded role awareness? As the project moved forward, this progressive role awareness, I discovered, was useful to me by giving me greater flexibility and confidence about the massive collective apparatus surrounding the new piano concerti. The project is based around five new piano concerti I have premiered at national and international venues: Diamond Dust by D. Fujikura, Konsertstykke i tre deler by M. Hegdal, at the tips of my fingers / on the tip of my tongue by B.L. Thorsen, Wowen Fingerprints by T.B. Ulvo and Theory of the Subject by T. Reinholdtsen. Through the evolution of these works, I examine the role of the soloist in all the processes of musical creation, from initialization to realisation in performance. The research material provides insights into how new music is dealt with in the standard classical music world. I provide rare awareness of the role of the soloist and suggest several improvements of how we lay the foundations for premiering new music. A central outcome of my project is a ‘toolbox’ of proposed techniques and approaches for pianists encountering new works. The toolbox, I argue, is also valuable when applied to older music and to how we approach any musical situation on a general level.

Russian explanatory sentence as a semantic type

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-286
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Steksova ◽  
◽  
Tatyana V. Shmeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
First Time

The paper interprets the Russian explanatory sentence as a semantic type. It is noted that descriptions of the semantic types of monopropositional sentences have already been carried out in the linguistic literature. For the first time, it is proposed to consider polypropositional semantic structures as a semantic type. The semantic nature of an explanatory sentence is defined as an expression of reflection on the events and phenomena of reality, with the position of the object-event accompanied by an indication of the reflection nature expressed by the governing predicate. General characteristics of this semantic type are given, as well as a number of semantic features serving as the basis for revealing the patterns of compatibility of various types of modus and dictum and the ways of their connection. It is proved that the previously existing qualification of relevance/factuality is based on overestimating the role of the brace and underestimating the predicative expression of deliberative. Several techniques are proposed to distinguish between thematic and factual utterances. Among sentence elements, the concept of the subject is the most significant for the typology of explanatory sentences, proposed to be divided into mono-subject and poly-subject ones. We note the poly-paradigmatic nature of the explanatory sentence and the presence of a number of its transformations used in the texts. The range of explanatory sentences with such an interpretation expands significantly without taking into account the boundaries of simple and complex sentences and some other constructive differences.

The maintenance, repair and construction of ships in the French Empire during the eighteenth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-611
Author(s):  
David Plouviez
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Economic History ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Construction Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Port Infrastructure

The history of maritime trade has been the subject of considerable research since the 1950s, but the technical artefacts of this trade have not received the attention they deserve. While historians have paid plenty attention to ships – their features, tonnage, etc. – and port infrastructure overseas, the issues relating to naval repair and construction in the Empires have rarely attracted interest. However, this is a key factor in understanding the dynamics of trade, which encompasses the interplay between economic history, social history and the history of technology. Drawing on the example of the French Empire, this article aims to provide a first approach to this economy of maintenance, repair and shipbuilding overseas. The first step is to identify the places where these complex tasks were carried out and to establish the temporality of equipment in overseas ports. Did the French Empire offer a network of ports equipped to maintain, repair and build ships? What equipment does this include? But while the question of infrastructure is crucial, insofar as it raises other issues related to the role of the State and its relationship with economic stakeholders, it is also essential to consider that a significant share of maintenance, repair and construction tasks were not associated with any specific infrastructure. The question of knowledge, know-how and their exchange within the Empires is also important and is the subject of the second part of this article. The aim is to demonstrate that the identification and breakdown of shipbuilding workers, the establishment of their occupational mobility and the technical discussions they engaged in with other Europeans, settlers or natives, provide challenging research opportunities that may help us to understand the maintenance, repair and construction of ships in the Empires.

scholarly journals Peran Pokdarwis Andang Taruna Sebagai Katalisator Terwujudnya Karakter Peduli Wisata (Studi Di Banraas Pulau Gili Iyang Madura)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Enza Resdiana ◽  
Laylatul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Care Study

Tourism Awareness Group or abbreviated Pokdarwis is a self-help and self-help group that grows from, by and for the community and aims to enhance the development of regional tourism and succeed tourism development by becoming a government partner in raising public awareness in the field of tourism, increasing human resources, encouraging the realization of Sapta Enchantment, enhancing the quality of products and tourism. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, which is the subject and object of this research is the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) of Andang Taruna Banraas Village. Tourism Care (Study in Banraas, Gili Iyang Madura Island). The role of Pokdarwis Andang Taruna is able to act as a mobilizer for the community where the community has provided support and role as host in efforts to create an environment and conducive atmosphere that is able to encourage the growth and development of the tourism industry and the realization of sapta charm. The role as a partner has been carried out by Pokdarwis Andang Taruna in the form of activities and programs carried out by involving the Government and other parties related to the development and construction of tourist facilities such as lodging, transportation, culinary and etc. although there has not been a maximum cooperation between Pokdarwis and the Government so that there are obstacles in realizing the character of caring tourism.

scholarly journals TERMINOLOGICAL SYNONYMY, ANTONYMY AND PARONYMY IN THE ENGLISH TERMS OF COSMETOLOGY AND AESTHETIC MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Boiko I.I.
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Linguistic Universal

Purpose. The article reveals the features of synonymy, paronymy and antonymy in the English terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine, considers their functioning, and describes the dynamics of the prominent characteristics of these semantic processes.Methodology. The research material consisted of 1000 English terms of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine selected from the relevant English professional texts (scientific articles and didactic materials). The research is methodologically based on the systemic-structural approach, which enables synchronous analysis of language phenomena based on the connections and relationships between linguistic elements. The analysis of paradigmatic relations of the terminology was based on the principles of semantic field and thematic organization of terms. Descriptive and comparative methods were also applied.Results. A review of the literature confirmed the existence of multi-vector views on synonymy in terminology. The sources of synonyms in the terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine are disclosed. The semantic and functional criteria of synonymy in the terminology are described, and the synonymous series available in it are revealed.The manifestation of antonymous relations as a regular principle of naming concepts with opposite meaning is clarified, and the differences between word-forming and lexical antonymy in the terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine are shown. The use of paronyms is analyzed, and it is emphasized that a slight difference in spelling and pronunciation leads to incorrect replacement of one word with another and loss of information.Conclusions. The analysis of lexical and semantic features of terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine has shown that synonymy and antonymy are common phenomena manifested on the lexical-semantic, derivational and stylistic levels. Each of theseypes of paradigmatic relations contributes to the development and enrichment of terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine. As for paronymy, it is a linguistic universal that cannot be avoided despite the fact that it contradicts the principles of professional communication. This vision of the role of synonymy, antonymy and paronymy is generally consistent with the observations and conclusions of researchers who conducted similar studies in related terminological systems.Key words: semantic relations, systematic language, paradigmatic relations, term, lexical-semantic relations. Мета. Метою статті було розкриття особливостей синонімії, паронімії і антонімії в англійській термінології косметології та естетичної медицини, розгляд їх функціонування, опис динаміки провідних характеристик цих семантичних процесів.Методи. Матеріалом дослідження послугували 1 000 англійських термінів косметології та естетичної медицини, відібраних з відповідних англійських фахових текстів (наукових статей та науково-дидактичних матеріалів). Дослідження методологічно ґрунтується на системно-структурному підході, який дозволяє здійснювати синхронний аналіз мовних явищ на основі зв’язків і відношень між мовними елементами. Аналіз парадигматичних відношень термінології відбувався на основі принципів семантичного поля та тематичної організації термінопонять. Було також застосовано описовий та порівняльний методи.Результати. Здійснений огляд літератури підтвердив існування різновекторних поглядів на синонімію в термінології. Визначено джерела поповнення синонімів у термінології косметології та естетичної медицини. Описані семантичні і функці-ональні критерії синонімії в зазначеній термінології, виявлені наявні в ній синонімічні ряди.З’ясований вияв антонімічних відношень як регулярного принципу найменувань понять з протилежним значенням, показано відмінності між словотвірною і лексичною антонімією в термінології косметології та естетичної медицини. Проаналі-зовано використання паронімів та підкреслено, що незначна відмінність у написанні і вимові призводить до неправильної заміни одного слова іншим та втрати інформації.Висновки. Проведений аналіз лексико-семантичних особливостей косметології та естетичної медицини показав, що сино-німія і антонімія є у ній поширеними явищами, які маніфестуються на лексико-семантичному, дериваційному та стилістич-ному рівнях. Кожний з цих типів парадигматичних відношень сприяє розвитку і збагаченню термінології. Щодо паронімії, то вона є мовною універсалією, якої неможливо уникнути, попри те, що вона суперечить принципам фахового спілкування. Таке бачення ролі синонімії, антонімії та паронімії в термінології косметології та естетичної медицини загалом узгоджується зі спостереженнями та висновками дослідників цих явищ в споріднених або близьких за тематикою терміносистемах.Ключові слова: семантичні відношення, системність мови, парадигматичні відношення, термін, лексико-семантичні відношення.

Between Science and Pop Culture: The Role of Mathematics in Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Alicja Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Abstract Theory ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Outer World ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Mathematical Formulas

The present analysis is focused on the issue of interactions of individuals with mathematics in films and strives to show why the question of the accuracy of mathematical formulas is not crucial to films and, therefore, what their main functions in the creation of the diegetic and the outer world are. In order to achieve the set aim, I ground my reflection in the idea suggested in Math Goes to the Movies, i.e. that mathematics is not presented in films only as an abstract theory, but it also carries a creative potential. Good Will Hunting (1997), A Beautiful Mind (2001) and Pi (1998) are the films in which mathematics is a substantial driving force, influencing both the gradual development and consolidation of characters. In this work, the films serve as the research material.

scholarly journals Models of downward motion and their metaphorical potential (in Russian and Chinese)

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Tao Tszin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Physical Causation ◽  
Variable Representation

The paper analyses the hypothesis of a mental structure as movement models to categorize the changes by the example of variable representation of performance indicators of the downward direction in Chinese and Russian. The research materials are the lexical and semantic variants of indicators xia and c-1, including the dictionary definitions and semantic features described by Chinese and Russian scholars. By reconstructing the physical causation processes repre-sented by two indicators, we found that in the Chinese language consciousness, a human body is a landmark for determining “the TOP”/“the BOTTOM.” In Russian, it is another object. The principal figure in the anthropic-oriented model is the subject of cognition, combining the role of a landmark for determining “the TOP”/“the BOTTOM.” During the metaphoric im-plementation, SOMETHING “placed” originally in the area of “anthropic-oriented TOP” ap-pears in the area of “anthropic-oriented BOTTOM” as a result of the manipulation. Depending on the nature of SOMETHING, the correlations are formed: “the BOTTOM – the zone under control,” “the BOTTOM – the zone of certainty,” “the BOTTOM – the zone of embod-iment,” “the BOTTOM – the zone of passivity.” Three variations of the object-oriented model implementation were revealed: changes destroying the current situation, changes towards “decreasing,” and repositioning of SOMETHING. In general, when implementing an object-oriented model, the correlation between the idea of “being on something” and understanding “being” prevails. Thus, the variability of metaphorization of changes is explained by different motion models being implemented and is due to spatial localization being a landmark-dependent operation and variability of a landmark choice.

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