scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF CARS FUNCTIONING FOR FURNITURE DELIVERY ORGANIZATION TO CONSUMERS OF LARGE CITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Denis E. Stivkin ◽  
◽  
Alexey V. Kulikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Cities ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
The Cost

Residents of big cities value their time and increasingly use the services of online stores. The purchase of furniture is no exception. The article considers the process of drawing up and processing applications in order to improve the functioning efficiency of vehicles that deliver furniture to the end consumer. The methodology of drawing up optimal routes for the transportation of furniture was developed. The influence of the main technical and operational indicators on the productivity of the used cars was determined. The cost of furniture transportation by these cars was calculated.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability at the Cost of Rural Unsustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Japan And China

Urban sustainability refers to building and maintaining cities that can continue to function without running out of resources. However, growing cities require more land and urban sprawl has transformed surrounding rural areas into urbanized settlements. Furthermore, the prosperity of large cities depends on the supply of both natural and human resources from rural areas, either nearby or remote. On the other hand, the use of resources of rural areas by cities may cause negative externalities to rural areas, affecting their sustainability. Therefore, a critical, but very much neglected issue, is how unban sustainability should be pursued without affecting rural sustainability. In this study, cases in Japan and China were analyzed from resources and population migration perspectives to provide evidence for the possibility that urban sustainability might have been pursued at the cost of rural unsustainability. It was intended to develop a better understanding of urban sustainability through the lens of externalities. Based on the analysis, a new framework for urban sustainability study was proposed, which consists of three new pillars. Namely, externality, vulnerability, and population instability.

The cost and effectiveness of retrofit programs for used cars

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Used Cars ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY OF DEVICE OF FENCING METAL STRUCTURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Elena Korol ◽  
Zarina Chipova
Keyword(s):  
Underground Structures ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
Selection Of

Urban motor transport complex engineering structures, the construction of which is carried out for a long time, and the cost is often tunnels of structures. Despite this, urban tunnels remain in demand as a means of solving transport problems, especially for large cities, in areas with dense urban development or an established architectural appearance, the violation of which is unacceptable. The construction of tunnels makes it possible to increase the throughput of highways, especially in places of large intersections, one of the diverting high-intensity transit traffic flows underground, making them invisible on the surface and thus not disrupting the existing historical appearance of the area.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LANDSCAPE OF COASTAL ZONES OF LARGE CITIES OF THE MIDDLE OF VOLGA REGION

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
D. V. LITVINOV
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis ◽  
Geomorphological Features

In the article geomorphological features of a coastal relief of big cities of the average Volga region (Volgograd are considered; Saratov, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kazan, Cheboksary) are viewed. The analysis shows influence of a coastal relief on planning and functional development of big cities coastal zones of the average Volga region.

An assessment of the willingness to pay for reliable water supply in NCT-Delhi

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Nallathiga
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
The Cost

Water is increasingly becoming a scarcer commodity, particularly in large cities of developing countries. Drinking water is an important use of water which has been catered for by most of the local governments. However, it is provided with a varying degree of reliability and the cost of this is not known. Consumers would like to pay for a reliable water supply besides what they pay for the normal water supply (both quantity and quality of water supplied). This paper presents an application of the contingent valuation method (CVM) for estimating the value of reliable water supply in National Capital Territory (NCT) – Delhi. The study implications and the lessons accruing from it are also summarized.

scholarly journals Geoecological approach to the design of recreational areas in large cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 06012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Matveevskaya ◽  
Victoria Pogodina ◽  
Marina Ermolina
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The City

Life in big cities exacerbates a person's desire to be more often in the bosom of nature, enjoy the peace and beauty of landscapes. The administration of megacities is concerned about the problems of preserving the natural environment and creating within the city limits a network of recreational areas where recreational activities can be organized. In each region, this type of recreation is organized in accordance with the laws adopted in the state. According to geoecologists, the share of recreational areas should be at least 15% of the total area of the city. So for example the total area of such territories in St. Petersburg is only 6 004.4 hectares (which is 4.17% of the total area of the city). Comparison of the urban map of landscapes and located areas for recreation within the city allows concluding about the unequal representation of each landscape. This should be taken into account when designing new protected areas within the city. In the research, an attempt to generalize the theoretical material in the field of environmental and recreational resource studies is done. Also, a detailed description of recreational opportunities for the rational use of individual components of the city's natural environment is presented. The authors conducted a geoecological analysis of the allocation of recreational areas in large cities. Features of nature that should be taken into account when designing recreational areas in large cities, on an example of St. Petersburg, are noted.

scholarly journals Adaptation to the Uncertainty of the Environment: Resources of Big Cities Residents

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Alla Mozgovaya ◽  
Elena Shlykova
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Big Cities

The methodological basis of the article lies in the adoption of the position that at the present stage of development of social systems, the uncertainty of social processes loses the quality of emergency and becomes an integral property of everyday life. In this context, studies of the specifics of adaptation of citizens to environmental conditions are of particular relevance. Adaptation is interpreted as the interaction of the individual with the macro-and micro-environment to achieve comfortable well-being, security and stability of external factors as conditions for the implementation of certain personal goals, life strategy in general. The purpose of the analysis undertaken in the article is to identify the type of urban settlements on the basis of the all-Russian monitoring data, the population of which is most vulnerable in situations of social transformations in modern Russia. The analysis is based on the conclusions of previous developments of the authors that one of the most important factors of successful adaptation of the population to social transformations are the resources that are available to different categories of the population. The article reveals the type of urban settlements, the inhabitants of which are characterized by a specific assessment of the quality of the environment and life satisfaction. Residents of cities with a population of 100 thousand to 250 thousand people ("big cities"), unlike other urban settlements, think the microenvironment rather psychologically negative and consider mesic environment – crisis-ridden, with a tendency to increase tension and negative changes and these residents are characterized by a low level of life satisfaction. All this indicates a low level of adaptation of the population of cities of this type to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the crisis. The comparative assessment of material resources of adaptation of the population of these and all other urban settlements showed, first of all, that, that observed in large cities, the average values of indicators of actual material status and its subjective estimates indicate a specific status of material adaptation resources of respondents from this target group, which can be characterized as "once nothing has changed, then it will not change further". Secondly, material adaptation resources are not the key factors determining the lower level of adaptation to the uncertainty of the environment of residents of large cities in comparison with other urban settlements. Apparently, resources of non-material, ideological nature have a more significant differentiating value.

scholarly journals РОЗРОБКА САЙТУ ДЛЯ НАДАННЯ ПОСЛУГ КОПІРАЙТИНГУ

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Святослав Геннадійович Ігунов ◽  
Олександр Борисович Лещенко ◽  
Юлія Олександрівна Лещенко
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Content Management ◽  
Internet Resource ◽  
Web Documents ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with the task of developing information technology for the provision of copywriting services. The topic of the article is due to the fact that any Internet resource requires the availability of relevant content for further development. An important component for information and news portals, author's blogs, online stores, corporate and personal sites are texts. The main activity of the copywriter is the writing of texts on an order, the creation of content for sites with the deduction of audience prestige, and the requirements of search engines. A review of the dynamics of changes in popularity, seasonality, growth and fail from the side of users is presented. The existing most common providers of copywriting services are considered: the stock exchange – the site of Advego, the studio of Denis Kaplunov, freelance. The advantages and disadvantages of all types of services are revealed. An overview of the most powerful and most popular free content management systems (CMS – Content management system) Joomla, WordPress, Drupal is also presented. Taking into account the obvious advantages and disadvantages of each of these systems, it is defined that CMS is most suitable for solving the tasks and is optimal for the development of the site. To search for fuzzy duplicate Web documents, it is suggested to use the shingle algorithm. The diagram of variants of using the work of providing copywriting services is developed. To support the work of the site a database model was developed. The environment, development tools, language tools and the operating modes of the site are described. The presented site allows companies to solve such issues as reducing the cost of searching for copywriters, checking their level of qualification, time spent on organizing the process, maintaining the necessary documentation, including accounting. The texts for the customer are created faster because several people can work on them and order some other additional services presented on the site. The developed site for providing copywriting services is designed for use by large and small companies, private enterprises, individual individuals and owners of Internet resources

scholarly journals Fiscal Transfers in the Spatial Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-468
Author(s):  
Marcel Henkel ◽  
Tobias Seidel ◽  
Jens Suedekum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Transfer Scheme ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Spatial Economy ◽  
National Output ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost

Many countries shift substantial public resources across jurisdictions to mitigate spatial economic disparities. We use a general equilibrium model with multiple asymmetric regions, labor mobility, and costly trade to carve out the aggregate implications of fiscal transfers. Calibrating the model for Germany, we find that transfers indeed deliver smaller disparities across regions. This comes at the cost of lower national output, however, because economic activity is diverted away from core cities and toward remote areas with low productivity. But despite this loss in output per capita by about 2 percent in our baseline specification, welfare still increases by 0.07 percent because the transfer scheme countervails overcongestion in large cities. If the optimal transfer regime was implemented, welfare would increase by 0.06 percent. (JEL H77, J61, R12, R13, R23)

scholarly journals Atlas information system “Big cities of Russia”: features of development and possibilities of application

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Cherkasov
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
And Migration

Large cities with a population of 100 thousand or more act as the main nodes of the settlement framework of Russia, accumulating human resources as much as possible. At present, about 52 % of the country’s population is concentrated in such cities, which confirms their high role in the formation of the settlement system in Russia. The formation of a modern network of cities at the present stage is taking place against the background of continuing depopulation processes associated with a protracted demographic crisis, a decrease in the migration growth of the population. Thus, a comprehensive view and understanding of the problems of forming a modern network of cities of this population category, taking into account their geographical position, performing different functions, is extremely relevant. At present, atlas information systems have established themselves as an effective tool for spatial monitoring of various processes and phenomena. The developed atlas information system “Big cities of Russia” is an integrated GIS platform capable of providing multi-scale monitoring of demographic, migration, socio-economic processes in a network of Russian cities with a population of 100 thousand and more. This paper describes the author’s approach to creating an atlas information system capable of systematizing relevant knowledge about modern demographic, migration, and other socio-economic processes occurring in the network of large cities of the country. It is important to note that the organization of the system took place in stages, while the author reveals in detail the idea of creating AIS through the requirements for an information platform, a geodatabase, a cartographic basis, geomodeling and mapping, methods of implementation and its testing. The Atlas Information System “Big Cities of Russia” is primarily aimed at expert analysts in the field of spatial planning, demographic and migration processes.

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