scholarly journals Dosimetry of Occupational Radiation around Panoramic X-ray Apparatus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Pakravan ◽  
S M R Aghamiri ◽  
T Bamdadian ◽  
M Gholami ◽  
M Moshfeghi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Background: Panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. Regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. In this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: PM 2002 CC Proline (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) and Cranex Tome (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland).Materials and Methods: In order to estimate x-ray dose, 15 thermoluminescet dosemeters (TLD-100) were placed in 3 semi-circles of 40cm, 80cm and 120cm radii. Around each unit, the number of TLDs in each semi-circle was 5 with equal intervals. The center of semicircles accords with the patient’s position. Each TLD was exposed 40 times. These dosemeters were read out with a Harshaw Model 4000 TLD Reader (USA). The calibration processing and the reading of dosemeters were performed by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.Results: The mean absorbed dose in three lines of PM 2002 CC Proline was 123.2±15.1, 118.0±11.0 and 108.0±9.1 µSv, (p=0.013). The results were 140.4±15.2, 120.2±10.4 and 111.6±11.2 µSv in Cranex Tome (p=0.208), which reveals no significant difference between two systems.Conclusion: There are no significant differences between the mean absorbed dose of surveyed models in panoramic imaging by two units (PM 2002 CC Proline and Cranex Tome). These results were less than occupational exposure recommended by ICRP, even at the highest calculated doses.

Impact of considering non-occupational radiation exposure on the association between occupational dose and solid cancer among French nuclear workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Fournier ◽  
Enora Cléro ◽  
Eric Samson ◽  
Sylvaine Caër-Lorho ◽  
Dominique Laurier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Radiation

ObjectivesThe French nuclear worker cohort allows for the assessment of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure, but workers are also exposed to medical and environmental radiation which can be of the same order of magnitude. This study aims to examine the impact of non-occupational radiation exposures on the dose-risk analysis between occupational radiation exposure and cancer mortality.MethodsThe cohort included workers employed before 1995 for at least one year by CEA, AREVA NC or EDF and badge-monitored for external radiation exposure. Monitoring results were used to calculate occupational individual doses. Scenarios of work-related X-ray and environmental exposures were simulated. Poisson regression was used to quantify associations between occupational exposure and cancer mortality adjusting for non-occupational radiation exposure.ResultsThe mean cumulative dose of external occupational radiation was 18.4 mSv among 59 004 workers. Depending on the hypotheses made, the mean cumulative work-related X-ray dose varied between 3.1 and 9.2 mSv and the mean cumulative environmental dose was around 130 mSv. The unadjusted excess relative rate of cancer per Sievert (ERR/Sv) was 0.34 (90% CI −0.44 to 1.24). Adjusting for environmental radiation exposure did not substantially modify this risk coefficient, but it was attenuated by medical exposure (ERR/Sv point estimate between 0.15 and 0.23).ConclusionsOccupational radiation risk estimates were lower when adjusted for work-related X-ray exposures. Environmental exposures had a very slight impact on the occupational exposure risk estimates. In any scenario of non-occupational exposure considered, a positive but insignificant excess cancer risk associated with occupational exposure was observed.

Assessment of the Ocular Effects in Cardiac Catheterization Unit’s Medical Personnel Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ramadan Ramadan Abdelatty Azab ◽  
Thanaa Helmy Mohamed ◽  
Weam Mohamed Ebeid ◽  
Noha Abdelsadek Alaarag ◽  
Amr Mansour Mohamed Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract Background Gamma rays, x-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. People can be exposed to ionizing radiation under different circumstances, at home, in public places (public exposures), at their workplaces (occupational exposures), or in a medical setting (as are patients, caregivers, and volunteers). Radiation damage to tissue or organs depends on the dose of radiation received, or the absorbed dose which is expressed in a unit called the gray (Gy). The potential damage from an absorbed dose depends on the type of radiation and the sensitivity of different tissues and organs. Objective To investigate the long-term influence of the ionizing radiation on the human lens. Patients and Methods Type of Study: Cross-Sectional Study. Study Setting: Ain Shams University hospital, Ophthalmology Department. Study Period: 6 months. Results: A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract.as 50% of exposed group had cataract compared to 26.9% of non-exposed group (P = 0.043). There was a significant positive correlation between exposure duration and cataract grade as it was longer in cases with cataract. Conclusion A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract. As there is a risk that other ocular pathologies are related to occupational radiation exposure, further investigative studies are required to define these. It can be strongly recommended that all personnel exposed to occupational radiation have routine eye examinations.

Comparison of Image Quality and Mean Absorbed Dose to the Breast for Two Mammographic Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Persliden ◽  
V. Fransson ◽  
B. Vitak ◽  
G. Fagerberg
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Moving Grid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tube Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

A film intended for mammography (Kodak SO 155 MRH-1) was tested and compared to one (Kodak SO 177 Ortho M) used earlier. Both films including the cassette could resolve 20 lp/mm. For a processing time of 90 s the new film gave the same overall image quality and irradiation dose to the breast as the old system. If, instead, the processing time was increased to 150 s, a 43% reduction in kerma could be attained with the new film. With a developing temperature of 36°C and 150 s processing time, the noise is clinically acceptable. A nonparametric test showed no significant difference between the 2 films on the 0.01 level. At an X-ray tube potential difference of 25 kV, the mean absorbed dose to a 4.5-cm-thick breast was reduced from 1.7 mGy with the old combination to 1.0 mGy with the new one. The measurements were made with a moving grid.

Investigation the Effects of Adding Intravenous Transoxalic Acid and Its Complications in the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage after Vaginal Delivery in Patients Admitted to Ali-ibn-Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Hajian ◽  
Maryam Razavi ◽  
Ali Dashipour
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uterine Fundus

Background: This study was designed to investigate the effect of tranexamic acid and its side effects in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in patients referred to Ali ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan during 2020-2021. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups of 85 patients. Vital signs as well as drug side effects related to tranexamicity are monitored and recorded every15 minutes in the first hour and every 30 minutes in the second hour. Also, blood samples are taken from patients to measure hemoglobin and hematocrit within6 hours after delivery. The number and weight difference of droschitis used during 2 hours after delivery are also measured. In addition, PPH (Postpartum hemorrhage) cases in both groups were checked by repeated examination of the uterine fundus during the first 2 hours and after 6 weeks. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the number of deliveries and further decrease in hemoglobin levels in the control group compared to the intervention group. Nausea, vomiting, and dizziness were observed in the intervention group and thrombosis was not observed in any group. According to the independent samples t-test, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean blood volume lost between the two groups. The mean hematocrit drop was statistically significant between the two groups. No blood transfusion was observed in any of the patients. Conclusion: Tranxamic acid injections can effectively reduce postpartum hemorrhage and reduce maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit following this complication.

Genotoxic risk in health-care professionals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva-Júnior ◽  
Ronan Adler Tavella ◽  
Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes ◽  
Alexandra Silveira Mortola ◽  
Gianni Goulart Peraza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
External Control ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Blood and buccal samples were collected from 36 workers, who actively participated in an imaging sector of a hospital, who were either exposed to IR directly or indirectly (9 internal control and 27 exposed), and 27 individuals living in the same city but with no occupational exposure (external control, unexposed/healthy). All radiation dosages performed on the 36 workers were less than 20 mSv/y, not exceeding the effective dose limit for occupational exposure. A questionnaire identified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the outcomes. The results of the MN assay showed a significant difference between both internal control and the exposed group when compared to the external control. For the comet assay, there were significant differences between the percent of tail DNA of the exposed group and external controls, but no difference was found between the exposed group and internal controls. Relative risk associations were found in time of exposure, hours worked per week, and perceived stress. Correlations were found between the outcomes and age, consumption of alcohol, and frequencies of X-rays during life. Variables that showed to be significant in the adjusted analysis were skin color and recent exposure to radiation. Albeit limited, the findings of this study suggest genotoxicity in both blood and buccal mucosa cells of workers exposed directly or indirectly to IR and that lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are associated and correlated with the risk of developing these outcomes.

Occupational Radiation Exposure of Anesthesia Providers: A Summary of Key Learning Points and Resident-Led Radiation Safety Projects

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel R. Wang ◽  
Amanda H. Kumar ◽  
Pedro Tanaka ◽  
Alex Macario
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
Anesthesia Providers ◽  
Occupational Radiation ◽  
Learning Points

Anesthesia providers are frequently exposed to radiation during routine patient care in the operating room and remote anesthetizing locations. Eighty-two percent of anesthesiology residents (n = 57 responders) at our institution had a “high” or “very high” concern about the level of ionizing radiation exposure, and 94% indicated interest in educational materials about radiation safety. This article highlights key learning points related to basic physical principles, effects of ionizing radiation, radiation exposure measurement, occupational dose limits, considerations during pregnancy, sources of exposure, factors affecting occupational exposure such as positioning and shielding, and monitoring. The principle source of exposure is through scattered radiation as opposed to direct exposure from the X-ray beam, with the patient serving as the primary source of scatter. As a result, maximizing the distance between the provider and the patient is of great importance to minimize occupational exposure. Our dosimeter monitoring project found that anesthesiology residents (n = 41) had low overall mean measured occupational radiation exposure. The highest deep dose equivalent value for a resident was 0.50 mSv over a 3-month period, less than 10% of the International Commission on Radiological Protection occupational limit, with the eye dose equivalent being 0.52 mSv, approximately 4% of the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended limit. Continued education and awareness of the risks of ionizing radiation and protective strategies will reduce exposure and potential for associated sequelae.

scholarly journals The Impact of Educational Package on Nursing Students' Knowledge towards Fertility Preservation, a Quasi-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Rafiei ◽  
Simin Esmaeilpour Zanjani ◽  
Kajal Khodamoradi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Educational Package ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of cancers have resulted in survival improvement in young patients with cancer. Given the side effects of cancer treatments on the function of the reproductive system, health care providers need to be educated about the side effects of cancer treatment and fertility preservation. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of education on nursing students' knowledge towards fertility preservation methods in patients with cancer. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research study that was carried out by the nursing faculty at Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon in 2018. Data was collected through a two-part questionnaire, including demographic characteristics and 32 questions about the knowledge of fertility preservation in patients with cancer. The study intervention was an educational package which includes 8 sessions of small group education, planning questions, and a booklet. Students were asked to complete the questionnaire before starting an educational session and again two weeks after the last session. Results: The difference in the mean score of the nursing students’ knowledge before and after the educational package intervention was significant (P= 0.0001). Also, the knowledge rank of nursing students after the intervention was significantly better than before (P = 0.0001).  There was a significant difference between the mean score of knowledge based on gender (0.0001), marital status (0.0001) and residency (0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, educational intervention towards fertility preservation had a positive effect on nursing students’ knowledge. Therefore, the importance of considering this new approach to fertility preservation in patients with cancer should be considered in the nursing curriculum as they consider as the main resource of the medical information to the patients

scholarly journals Short Practical Regimen of Acupuncture for Melasma: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanan Supasiri ◽  
Nuntida Salakshna ◽  
Krit Pongpirul
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Acupuncture shows benefits for patients with melasma, although no optimal number of sessions have been determined.Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted in melasma patients who were treated with acupuncture procedures two times a week and were evaluated after the 5th and the 10th sessions of acupuncture, with a 1-week follow-up after the last session. Participants Groups A and B received five and 10 acupuncture sessions, respectively. Melasma was assessed by using the melanin index (MI), melasma area and severity index (MASI), patient-reported improvement scores, and acupuncture-related adverse events.Results: Out of 113 participants, 67 received five sessions of acupuncture treatment while 39 received 10 sessions. At 1 week after five sessions of acupuncture in Group A, the mean MI decreased by 28.7 (95% CI −38.5 to −18.8, p < 0.001), whereas the median MASI decreased by 3.4 (95% CI −6.9 to −1.2, p < 0.001) points. At 1 week after ten sessions of acupuncture in Group B, the mean MI decreased by 31.3 (95% CI −45 to −17.6, p < 0.001), whereas the median MASI decreased by 5.4 (95%CI −9.9 to −3, p < 0.001) points. The first five sessions of acupuncture had a higher incremental effect than the last five sessions, although there was no statistically significant difference. Twenty-nine participants reported minor side effects. Group B had a risk ratio (RR) of having adverse events 1.8 times (95% CI 1.0–3.4, p = 0.05) compared with Group A.Conclusion: Short acupuncture regimens of 5–10 sessions in melasma seem to be effective and practical with minor side effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Valgus Correction Angle between Patients with Developmental Dysplasia Hip and Normal Volunteers Measured by Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and X-Ray

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aobo Zhang ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
Bingpeng Chen ◽  
Chenyu Wang ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Correction Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valgus Correction Angle

Background and purpose. A new method of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology was used to take place of X-ray in measuring valgus correction angle (VCA) of both DDH patients and normal volunteers to improve precision. Two different ways to define VCA according to the various conditions of patients were compared and analyzed. Methods. Bilateral VCA of 50 DDH patients and 56 normal volunteers were measured by Mimics software in the 3D method and X-ray in 2D. Two VCA (the upper VCA and the lower VCA) were measured in both two methods. Every VCA was measured by observer A and observer B for twice separately. The statistical analyses of the differences were calculated among the measurements of the VCA. Results. The mean value of the upper VCA measured in 3D was 4.95°±0.76° in DDH group and 5.56°±0.62° in the normal group with significant difference (t=−6.457, p<0.01). The VCA of DDH group and normal group measured by 3D was larger than 2D, both the upper VCA and the lower VCA. The differences indicated statistically significant. The mean value of lower VCA was 0.60° smaller than the mean value of upper VCA in normal volunteers. The mean value of the lower VCA was 0.58° larger than the mean value of the upper VCA in DDH patients. Conclusions. Compared to X-ray, 3D reconstruction technology is more accurate without conventional limitations. The lower VCA of DDH patients should be regarded as the femoral intramedullary guide angle in TKA, especially for patients with femoral deformities.

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