scholarly journals The prevention and treatment of Covid-19 and related development during pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Kun Wang ◽  
Yuan-Ti Lee ◽  
Chao-Bin Yeh ◽  
Chi-Ho Chan
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Related Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Effective Drugs

When the outbreak of human novel coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the epidemic spread rapidly around the world and finally became a pandemic in 2020. In order to seek effective drugs to treat the Covid-19 infected patients for emergent use and for the disease prevention, researchers examined numerous existed antiviral drugs that may have the potential for Covid-19 treatment. At the same time, antibody treatment and vaccines development were ongoing simultaneously. The aim of this review is to introduce antibody therapy, vaccine development and potential antiviral treatments on Covid-19 and to discuss the future perspective on the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6591
Author(s):  
Badriyah Alhalaili ◽  
Ileana Nicoleta Popescu ◽  
Olfa Kamoun ◽  
Feras Alzubi ◽  
Sami Alawadhia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Made In

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered a public health emergency of international concern. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused this pandemic has spread rapidly to over 200 countries, and has drastically affected public health and the economies of states at unprecedented levels. In this context, efforts around the world are focusing on solving this problem in several directions of research, by: (i) exploring the origin and evolution of the phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome; (ii) developing nanobiosensors that could be highly effective in detecting the new coronavirus; (iii) finding effective treatments for COVID-19; and (iv) working on vaccine development. In this paper, an overview of the progress made in the development of nanobiosensors for the detection of human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is presented, along with specific techniques for modifying the surface of nanobiosensors. The newest detection methods of the influenza virus responsible for acute respiratory syndrome were compared with conventional methods, highlighting the newest trends in diagnostics, applications, and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 causative virus) nanobiosensors.

scholarly journals SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUSES AND 21ST CENTURY PANDEMIC: AN OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL RECEPTORS AND CHALLENGE OF THERAPEUTIC SUCCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2) ◽  
pp. S87-S102
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal ◽  
◽  
Nimra Sardar ◽  
Wajiha Akmal ◽  
Ali Moazzam Qadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Sudden prevalence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly impeded and collapsed the emerging global trend of economic development by its ongoing pandemic. The novel coronavirus also named severe acute respiratory syndrome virus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease COVID-19 that influences the health management of humans and the world commerce badly. It has affected the human social lives and education in underdeveloped countries and severely impeded industries, organizations, agriculture, etc. Three perceptible types of SARS-CoV-2 strains have been discovered. Each of them has specific receptors, and some of them are common in SARS and SARS-CoV-2. Among them, the ACE2 receptor is believed to be the central receptor of human infectious coronaviruses. It supports mainly to get access, enter into the cell, and causes the basic infection. Similarly, TMPRSS2 is also acting as a portal for a virus to get an approach to the cell and does not support metabolic processes like replication virus. ADAM17, which is a member of disintegrins and metalloproteases and is responsible for cell to cell and cell-array interconnections. These receptors can be important for prevention, vaccine development, and therapies. Several therapies in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients have been tried and suggested. Plasma and stem cell therapy reduce the severity of infection at certain levels in individual patients. In this review, we make an effort to cover all of the said aspects of COVID-19 in a very compressive and brief way. Finally, we shed light on vaccination and therapeutic approaches like plasma therapy and stem therapy and their future perspective with the whole discussion conclusion.

COVIEdb: A database for potential immune epitopes of coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingcheng Wu ◽  
Wenfan Chen ◽  
Jingjing Zhou ◽  
Wenyi Zhao ◽  
Shuqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused large-scale pandemic COVID-19 all over the world. It’s essential to find out which parts of the 2019-nCoV sequence are recognized by human immune system for vaccine development. And for the prevention of the potential outbreak of similar coronaviruses in the future, vaccines against immunogenic epitopes shared by different human coronaviruses are essential. Here we predict all the potential B/T-cell epitopes for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV and RaTG13-CoV based on the protein sequences. We found YFKYWDQTY in ORF1ab protein, VYDPLQPEL and TVYDPLQPEL in spike (S) protein might be pan-coronavirus targets for vaccine development. All the predicted results are stored in a database COVIEdb (http://biopharm.zju.edu.cn/coviedb/).

scholarly journals The parallels between COVID-19 and the Spanish flu of 1918

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4687
Author(s):  
Markordor Lyngdoh
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. On the other hand, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus hailed by the world health organization as a “once in a century health crisis” which has led to devastating impacts to health and livelihood the world over. The prevailing situation is reminiscent of the Spanish flu where definitive cure is unavailable and the public health measures like quarantine, social distancing, hand hygiene and isolation are the only alternatives. Both these diseases are transmitted through respiratory droplets, highly contagious and target the respiratory organs. The parallels between these two events cannot be denied. The Spanish flu thrived at a time when the knowledge and availability of antivirals and vaccine development were inadequate. This article strives to highlight a little more on these two separate pandemics and observe their similarities as well as their differences.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Immunosuppressed and Cancer Patients: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Shirin Haghighat ◽  
Mehdi Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The rapidly spreading outbreak of infection by novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from Wuhan, China around the world has started since December 2019. Since the epidemic spread of this infection, individuals with comorbidities are at high risk of severe disease and increased rate of mortality. As patients with cancer are considered immunosuppressed caused by some host and treatment factors, a more detailed investigation on the impact of cancer on COVID-19 outcome seems to be necessary. This review article provides data on cancer patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although underlying immunosuppression has not proven as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection, most authors have identified cancer patients as a highly vulnerable population. We need more detailed especially randomized studies to compare the outcome of cancer and non-cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The more precise studies would help oncologists to make the best decision in cancer therapy.  

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: The deadly respiratory disease of 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
◽  
Pankaj Kumar Jain ◽  
Ramakant Yadav ◽  
Surendra Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated from Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness and becomes a major threat for humanity. Recently the entire scientist, researchers and physicians all over the countries focused to find the treatment of this pandemic disease. Numerous drugs and or vaccines have been trialed for prevention and treatment against 2019-nCoV but no therapy has been shown effective to date. Currently, numerous vaccines are under clinical investigation and mRNA-1273 vaccine (LNP- encapsulated mRNA vaccine encoding S protein) from Moderna is ahead. Although chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and many other drugs had recommended against SARS-CoV-2, but still they are not the guarantee treatment of COVID-19. Recently, India, America, Russia and China introduced vaccines against COVID-19 in the market, however assurance of their 100% effectiveness are doubtful. The speed of daily new cases threatens the world and urges the scientist to crack this pandemic condition. KEYWORDS: 2019-nCoV; Chloroquine; COVID-19; Moderna; Respiratory disease; Remdesivir.

scholarly journals Repurposing Therapeutics for COVID-19: Rapid Prediction of Commercially available drugs through Machine Learning and Docking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovesh Mohapatra ◽  
Prathul Nath ◽  
Manisha Chatterjee ◽  
Neeladrisingha Das ◽  
Deepjyoti Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
List Type ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Bayes Algorithm ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Effective Drugs

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe during the past 3 months. As the virus infected cases and mortality rate of this disease is increasing exponentially, scientists and researchers all over the world are relentlessly working to understand this new virus along with possible treatment regimens by discovering active therapeutic agents and vaccines. So, there is an urgent requirement of new and effective medications that can treat the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.Methods and findingsWe perform the study of drugs that are already available in the market and being used for other diseases to accelerate clinical recovery, in other words repurposing of existing drugs. The vast complexity in drug design and protocols regarding clinical trials often prohibit developing various new drug combinations for this epidemic disease in a limited time. Recently, remarkable improvements in computational power coupled with advancements in Machine Learning (ML) technology have been utilized to revolutionize the drug development process. Consequently, a detailed study using ML for the repurposing of therapeutic agents is urgently required. Here, we report the ML model based on the Naïve Bayes algorithm, which has an accuracy of around 73% to predict the drugs that could be used for the treatment of COVID-19. Our study predicts around ten FDA approved commercial drugs that can be used for repurposing. Among all, we suggest that the antiretroviral drug Atazanavir (DrugBank ID – DB01072) would probably be one of the most effective drugs based on the selected criterions.ConclusionsOur study can help clinical scientists in being more selective in identifying and testing the therapeutic agents for COVID-19 treatment. The ML based approach for drug discovery as reported here can be a futuristic smart drug designing strategy for community applications.Author summaryWhy was this study done?The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is now considered to be a pandemic threat to the global population. The new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV has now affected more than 200 countries with over 17,83,941 cases confirmed and 1,09,312 deaths reported all over the world [as on 12 April 2020].There is an urgent need for the development of drugs or vaccine which can save people worldwide. However, the vast complexity in drug design and protocols regarding clinical trials often prohibit developing various new drug combinations for this epidemic disease. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have been utilized to revolutionize the drug development process. Can we use AI based repurposing of existing drugs for accelerated clinical trial in the treatment of COVID-19?What did the researchers do and find?Here, we report the Machine Learning (ML) model based on the Naïve Bayes algorithm, which has an accuracy of around 73% to predict the drugs that could be used for the treatment of COVID-19.Our study predicts around ten FDA approved commercial drugs that can be used for repurposing. Among all, we suggest that the antiretroviral drug Atazanavir (DrugBank ID – DB01072) would probably be one of the most effective drugs based on the selected criterions.What do these findings mean?The present approach will save a lot of resources and time for synthesizing novel drugs and thus will be useful for a vast majority of medical research community.

scholarly journals Current Status of COVID-19 Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Dixit ◽  
Monal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, an unexpected outbreak was caused by novel corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lung disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was given the name of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020. Since its origin in the Hubei province of Wuhan city in China, now it has spread to 218 countries worldwide. Panic situation created by COVID-19 has compelled researchers and doctors to work collaboratively. To combat with the disease, every control measures are under consideration from drug discovery to vaccine development. In the management of disease, rapid diagnosis is equally important as development of vaccine and drug. At present, various diagnostic kits are available for COVID-19. With the disease progression, global demand for diagnostics is raising. So, this chapter will include the updates on efficient diagnostic assays and future of diagnostic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Current situation and therapeutic options

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veer Singh ◽  
Vishal Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs

Abstract:: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined an illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). COVID-19 was first reported in the Wuhan, China in late December, 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global emergency on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 was rapidly transmitted and caused infection in 21,294,845 people and 761,779 deaths in more than 213 countries worldwide till August 16, 2020. United States of America (USA), Brazil, India, Russia Federation, Peru, Mexico, Colombia Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and United Kingdom (UK) stand top COVID-19 affected countries in the world. The high transmission rate of COVID-19 was might be due to large viral incubation time (2-14 days) and some modifications in the spike glycoprotein. Currently, effective drugs or vaccines are not developed for the treatment of novel coronavirus. However, few antibiotics like hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have been currently used for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Several collaboratives are working together for developing an effective and safe vaccine against COVID-19 and few vaccines are under clinical trial. Scientists are also working on plasma therapy and monoclonal antibodies. Nowadays, plasma therapy is considered as the most effective treatment against COVID-19 and some promising results have been achieved. This review focuses on the several therapeutic options for COVID-19 such as antiviral drugs, vaccines, plasma therapy and monoclonal antibodies. This review also covers the current situations of COVID-19 in the world. This review is about COVID-19, which will be beneficial to researchers for the development of potential treatment against COVID-19.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on COVID-19: What we know and how to treat against the novel coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03091
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Wang ◽  
Xianhao Xu ◽  
Zihan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and then soon evolved into a global pandemic. The novel coronavirus inducing this pandemic is under extensive study held by researchers all over the world. We give out a comprehensive review of what we have known about this novel coronavirus, including the pathogenesis. Passive immunity, different strategies, and targets for vaccine development and antiviral drugs are introduced as therapeutic strategies. At last, many other properties of SARS-Cov-2 are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document