scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Lidewyde H. Berckmoes ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard ◽  
Dennis Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

While many anthropologists have previously reflected on longitudinal ethnography— for example distinguishing between different categories of longitudinal research, including the ethnographic revisit, either by the same or another researcher, diachronic research projects, involving continuous and sustained engagement over time, or so-called large-scale or multigenerational projects, among others—there has been little reflection on the way particular topics of research might impact on the longitudinal research process. In particular, we argue here that the stakes of longitudinal ethnographic research come to the fore particularly starkly in relation to studies of violence. More specifically, longitudinality potentially both enhances certain risks inherent to carrying out research on violence, while also offering unique opportunities for better understanding the phenomenon more reflexively.

Interviewing adolescents through time: balancing continuity and flexibility in a qualitative longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Vogl ◽  
Ulrike Zartler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Interviewing Technique ◽  
Over Time

Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) has great potential for elucidating processes and change over time. Despite the growing interest in QLR, methodological and practical challenges require further reflection. In this contribution, we reflect on two major issues in interviewing adolescents in QLR: panel maintenance and changes in the research set-up, including interviewing technique, content and interviewer (dis)continuity. Based on experiences from a panel study on understanding how young people’s opportunities in life are shaped during a transitional stage (‘Pathways to the Future’), we present methodological and pragmatic decisions, rationales and lessons learnt to inform future qualitative longitudinal studies. We show how change is omnipresent in QLR practice, and how it demands researchers’ openness and flexibility as well as finding a balance between continuity and adaption. The process can be challenging, but it also offers opportunities.<br /><br />Key messages<br />Reflecting on a large-scale longitudinal project, we exemplify methodological and pragmatic decisions, rationales, and lessons learnt regarding these issues:<ul><li>Panel maintenance is an evolving process, demanding innovation.</li><br /><li>Respondents are motivated by a therapeutic value of the interview and altruism.</li><br /><li>Interviewer discontinuity might have less negative effect than often assumed.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Panel data or pseudo panels for longitudinal research? Cross-national comparisons using the example of firms' training spend

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brookes ◽  
Chris Brewster ◽  
Cigdem Gedikli ◽  
Okan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThe evolution of firm level practices over time has always been a keen area of interest for management scholars. However, in comparison to other social scientists, particularly economists, the relative dearth of firm level panel data sets has restricted the methodological options for exploring inter-temporal changes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies a pseudo panel methodology to investigate the evolution of training spend at the firm level over time.FindingsThe analysis is framed within a varieties of capitalism lens and by adopting a more meaningful approach to examining changes over time it leads us to question some of the “truisms” linked to firms expected behaviours within different national institutional frameworks.Research limitations/implicationsAs with any large-scale quantitative analysis, it would always benefits from a larger number of observations and/or a longer time period, in this instance access to annual data rather than 4 or 5 year intervals would have been helpful.Practical implicationsBy adopting a different, and more appropriate, approach to analysing existing cross-sectional data over time this empirical research helps to achieve a deeper understanding of the complex issues that influence decision making at the firm level.Social implicationsAt the firm level, in line with the practical implications above, this will enable decision makers to achieve a deeper understanding of the evolution of the external context in which they operate and the likely influence of that evolution within their own organisation.Originality/valueThis approach enables a more meaningful exploration of inter-temporal changes in situations where longitudinal data does not exist.

Researching agri-environmental problems with others

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Oreszczyn ◽  
Les Levidow ◽  
Dave Wield
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on agri-environmental projects (those concerned with the environment but carried out in agricultural contexts) that involve controversial issues, such as the introduction and development of genetically modified crops; the potential power of large biotechnology companies; and the increased use of biofuels, water, and intensification of agriculture. It discusses the use and value of mapping techniques in these highly contested environmental research contexts. The processes and mapping techniques were chosen for specific purposes, according to the needs of the different projects, the context and type of participants involved, and their strategic aims. They also represent the development of the authors' approaches to engaging with people and demonstrate the way that the approach has changed over time as they have sought ways to enable participants to engage in the research process more fully.

scholarly journals Bróderes in arms

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Drawing on longitudinal ethnographic research that has been ongoing since 1996, this article explores the way that gangs socialize individuals into violent norms and practices in Nicaragua. It shows how different types of gang violence can be related to distinct socialization processes and mechanisms, tracing how these dynamically articulate individual agency, group dynamics and contextual circumstances, albeit in ways that change over time. As such, the article highlights how gang socialization is not only a variable multilayered process, but also a very volatile one, which suggests that the socialization of violence and its consequences are not necessarily enduring.

scholarly journals Temporal practices: time and ethnographic research in changing organizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Workplace Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Lived Time ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore time dilemmas in ethnographic research and develops a facilitating frame for thinking about temporality. Core concepts developed include: temporal awareness that refers to widening of the understanding and sensitivity to time issues; temporal practices which relate to how the researcher learns to deal with, for example, contradictory conceptions of time in the pragmatics of conducting fieldwork and in the analysis of competing data; and temporal merging which is used to refer to the interweaving of objective and subjective concepts of time, and to the way that the past and prospective futures shape human experience of the present. Design/methodology/approach – An extended case study on workplace change is selectively drawn upon in discussing time and ethnographic research. Two closely related stories are used to illustrate aspects of temporality. These include a discussion of the way that stories in organizing, representing, simplifying and imposing structure (become theory-laden) often compressing the subjective experiences of lived time into a more formalized linear presentation that may inadvertently petrify temporal sensemaking; and an examination of how the polyphony of storying during times of change highlights temporal sensemaking and sensegiving through asynchronous features that emphasize volatility and non-linearity in explaining the way that people experience change. Findings – The conundrum that competing concepts of time often present for the researcher is in the juxtapositions that generate loose ends that appear to require resolution. Temporal merging in being able to accommodate the intertwining of objective and subjective time, temporal practices in being able to use different concepts of time without trying to resolve them during the collection and analyses of data, and temporal awareness in being able to accept the paradox of time in the use of a relational-temporal perspective, all open up opportunities for greater insight and understanding in engaging in ethnographic studies on changing organizations. Practical implications – There are a number of practical implications that arise from the paper in doing longitudinal research on workplace change. Four summarized here comprise: the significance of sustained fieldwork and not trying to shortcut time dimension to ethnographic research; the importance of developing temporal practices for dealing with objective and subjective time as well as the interweaving of temporal modes in data collection, analysis and write-up; the value of engaging with rather than resolving contradictions; chronological objective time is good for planning the research whilst subjective time is able to capture the non-linearity of lived time and the importance of context. Originality/value – A new facilitating frame is developed for dealing with time tensions that are often downplayed in research through the concepts of temporal awareness, practices and merging. The frame provides temporal insight and promotes the use of a relational processual perspective. It is also shown how stories present in the data, in the writing up of material for different audiences, in chronologies and events, and in the sensemaking and sensegiving of individuals and groups as they describe and shape their lived experiences of change – are useful devices for dealing with the conundrum of time in ethnographic research.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Among Children’s Interpersonal Trust, Reputation for Trustworthiness, and Relationship Closeness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinggong Li ◽  
Zhuocheng Li ◽  
Wenyu Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Gail D. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Interpersonal trust plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of social relationships. The present cross-sectional and longitudinal research examines the development of interpersonal trust judgments with reference to (1) the trustee’s reputation for trustworthiness, and (2) the nature of the trustor’s relationship closeness with the trustee. There were 194 7- to 13-year-olds who participated in the first wave of the study, and 107 of those individuals also participated in two subsequent waves across a 2-year period. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal results showed that with age, reputation for trustworthiness becomes less important and relationship closeness become more important. We also found that relationship closeness played a greater role in interpersonal trust evaluations for girls than for boys. These findings indicate that the way children make trust evaluations becomes increasingly relationship-specific over time and is more relationship-specific for girls than for boys.

A study of practice based design research models from knowledge integration perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghai LI ◽  
Jun CAI
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Design Innovation

The transformation of China's design innovation industry has highlighted the importance of design research. The design research process in practice can be regarded as the process of knowledge production. The design 3.0 mode based on knowledge production MODE2 has been shown in the Chinese design innovation industry. On this cognition, this paper establishes a map with two dimensions of how knowledge integration occurs in practice based design research, which are the design knowledge transfer and contextual transformation of design knowledge. We use this map to carry out the analysis of design research cases. Through the analysis, we define four typical practice based design research models from the viewpoint of knowledge integration. This method and the proposed model can provide a theoretical basis and a path for better management design research projects.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fröhlich ◽  
Abiodun Williams
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
International Context ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way ◽  
Guiding Questions

The Conclusion returns to the guiding questions introduced in the Introduction, looking at the way in which the book’s chapters answered them. As such, it identifies recurring themes, experiences, structures, motives, and trends over time. By summarizing the result of the chapters’ research into the interaction between the Secretaries-General and the Security Council, some lessons are identified on the changing calculus of appointments, the conditions and relevance of the international context, the impact of different personalities in that interaction, the changes in agenda and composition of the Council as well as different formats of interaction and different challenges to be met in the realm of peace and security, administration, and reform, as well as concepts and norms. Taken together, they also illustrate the potential and limitations of UN executive action.

Civil Society in UN Peacebuilding Discourse

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Conceptual Domain ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Chapter 5 outlines the ways in which civil society is largely associated with “women” and the “local,” as a spatial and conceptual domain, and how this has implications for how we understand political legitimacy and authority. The author argues that close analysis reveals a shift in the way in which the United Nations as a political entity conceives of civil society over time, from early engagement with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to the more contemporary articulation of civil society as consultant or even implementing partner. Contemporary UN peacebuilding discourse, however, constitutes civil society as a legitimating actor for UN peacebuilding practices, as civil society organizations are the bearers/owners of certain forms of (local) knowledge.

Imagery in the Book of Revelation

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Konrad Huber
Keyword(s):  
Reception History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figurative Speech ◽  
Theological Message ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The chapter first surveys different types of figurative speech in Revelation, including simile, metaphor, symbol, and narrative image. Second, it considers the way images are interrelated in the narrative world of the book. Third, it notes how the images draw associations from various backgrounds, including biblical and later Jewish sources, Greco-Roman myths, and the imperial cult, and how this enriches the understanding of the text. Fourth, the chapter looks at the rhetorical impact of the imagery on readers and stresses in particular its evocative, persuasive, and parenetic function together with its emotional effect. And fifth, it looks briefly at the way reception history shows how the imagery has engaged readers over time. Thus, illustrated by numerous examples, it becomes clear how essentially the imagery of the book of Revelation constitutes and determines its theological message.

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