scholarly journals Scion-stock combinations of garden plum for intensive horticulture

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. V. Eremin ◽  
O. A. Gorelikova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Plum Varieties

The study aimed to identify scion-stock combinations of early-maturing high-yield plum varieties and determine their cost-effectiveness. Long-term research was conducted at the Department of Fruit and Grape Genetic Resources and Breeding of the Crimean Experimental Breeding Station between 2008 and 2018. Continuous trials of scion-stock garden plum combinations during vegetation and fruiting produced optimal varieties for intensive cultivation with low- (VVA 1, Best) and mid-vigour (Kuban 86, Eureka 99, Druzhba) clone stocks. The Kubanskiy Karlik cultivar was the earliest maturing out of the VVA 1 stock cultivars, with an average yield of 7 kg/tree. Experimentally selected mid-vigour clone stocks that were found to be suitable and promising for intensive farming were Kuban 86, Eureka 99 and Druzhba. In terms of productivity and fruit size of the studied industrial varieties, the Best cultivar was selected from the low-growth clonal rootstocks using drip irrigation. The garden plum cultivars selected to be grafted on VVA 1 for intensive irrigation-based farming were: Kubanskaya Legenda, Golubaya Mechta, Sinyaya Ptitsa, Ballada, Naslednitsa, Debut, Stanley, Osenniy Suvenir. In non-irrigated areas, combinations that resulted in the highest yield (over 14 t/ha) were: Ballada/Eureka 99, Stanley/Druzhba, Sinyaya Ptitsa/Druzhba, Ballada/Druzhba, Ballada/Zarevo, Stanley/Eureka 99 and Sinyaya Ptitsa/ Eureka 99 for planting in 5×3 m plots; Kubanskaya Legenda/Best, Sinyaya Ptitsa/VSV 1 and Stanley/Best for planting in 5×1.5 m plots.

Narrow row cotton in the Namoi valley. 2. Plant population and row spacing

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Narrow Row

Field experiments in three seasons examined the effects of plant population and row spacing on the yield of two cotton cultivars. For the early maturing cultivar, Riverina Poplar, 36 cm rows yielded 18 per cent more than 100 cm rows with no additional benefit being obtained from 18 cm rows. The medium maturing commercial cultivar, Deltapine 16, had the same average yield at all row spacings. The effect of plant population on yield was significant in all row spacings, with populations above 40 plants m-2 in 18 cm rows, above 30 plants m-2 in 36 cm rows, and above 13 plants m-2 in 100 cm rows yielding less. In all experiments, narrow rows and high plant populations had smaller bolls, more barren plants and smaller plants than wide rows and low plant populations. At low yield levels, Riverina Poplar in narrow rows was superior to wide rows and to Deltapine 16 in any row spacing. At high yield levels, Deltapine 16 was superior, particularly in wide rows

scholarly journals A tomato selection experiment

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Previous Generation ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Made In

All 153 crosses between 18 tomato varieties were grown in F1, F2, F3 and F4. The F2, F3 and F4 were derived by selfing one plant of the previous generation. The F2 plant chosen to give the F3 was selected (1 in 20) for early yield; and the F3 plant chosen to give the F4 was similarly selected. Flowering date was an unsatisfactory character. In crosses segregating for the Mendelian gene ‘uniform’, a significant excess of heterozygotes was selected. The parents transmitted variability of yield (as well as average yield) to their offspring. The division of yield into its components fruit number and fruit size is useful because (1) much of the heterosis in yield can be viewed as a combination effect between these components, (2) the components responded differently to selection, (3) different components showed phenotypic dominance in different directions. The average yield and fruit number responded as expected to selection; fruit size did not. The F1 generation means for all three characters exceeded the parental means; but the crosses were grouped more compactly about their generation mean than were the parents, so that heterosis rarely occurred in crosses involving the best parents. The yields of each cross were analysed into parental main effects (general combining abilities) and interactions (specific combining abilities). No useful prediction of interactions could be made in any generation, either from the same generation in different years or from different generations in the same year. The main effects (general c.a.) were analysed into a part due to regression on parental yield, and a deviation from that regression. No useful prediction of the deviations from parental regression could be made in generations which had responded to selection. The actual advance under selection of different crosses, although not uniform, was unpredictable. During advance under selection, the parental means gave predictions of the (relative) performance of each generation's crosses which were as good as predictions based on the previous generation. This may, of course, be connected with the fact that the parents were inbred and that the amount of heterozygosity decreases in each successive generation. These results indicate, therefore, that in an inbreeding species propagated by seed, the early hybrid generations tell us nothing more than do the parental yields about the relative performance of the inbred lines that can be selected from those hybrids. (This generalization from Lycopersicon esculentum to inbreeders as a whole may, of course, be false.) The relative performance of F1 hybrids, on the other hand, is better predicted from other F1 crosses involving the parents concerned than from the yields of those parents. There was phenotypic dominance of high yield, large fruit number and low fruit weight. The extent of this dominance was not enough to invalidate the analysis by general combining abilities; and since it varied from year to year and from generation to generation, the emphasis that should be given to the top-parent (in contrast to the bottom-parent) in predicting the yields of crosses after selection, is as yet unpredictable.

Foliar Urea Can Supplement Soil-applied Fertilizer in an Early Maturing Peach

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 549a-549
Author(s):  
R.S. Johnson ◽  
R.C. Rosecrance ◽  
H.L. Andris
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Distribution ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Foliar Urea

Despite early studies that suggested foliar urea was ineffective in supplying nitrogen to peach trees, recent studies have shown rapid uptake of low biuret urea by peach leaves and subsequent mobilization to perennial tree parts. Labeled nitrogen experiments have demonstrated the distribution of N among organs to be very similar whether the N is supplied from foliar urea or from soil-applied fertilizer. However, questions still remain concerning the long-term productivity of trees treated repeatedly with foliar urea. Our first experiment was conducted on an early ripening peach, which generally requires about 100 kg N/ha applied to the soil. The treatment to replace all soil applied N with two or three foliar applications of urea in the fall resulted in similar N distribution throughout the tree and equal vegetative growth. However, fruit size was consistently smaller than the soil-fertilized control over a 3-year period. Our second experiment, conducted on the same variety, imposed a treatment to supplement about half the soil applied fertilizer with fall foliar urea applications. This treatment was able to maintain fruit size and yield over a 2-year period. Furthermore, vegetative growth was reduced compared to the soil-fertilized control, suggesting foliar urea may be a useful tool to help manipulate the distribution of growth between reproductive and vegetative processes.

scholarly journals WATERMELON CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 872d-872
Author(s):  
Warren Roberts ◽  
Penny Perkins-Veazie ◽  
Jonathan Edelson ◽  
Jim Shrefler ◽  
Lynn Brandenberger
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Black Plastic

Forty-one watermelon cultivars were compared for yield and fruit size. Fields were prepared with raised beds 1 m wide covered with black plastic and equipped with drip irrigation. Plots were 2.7 m wide × 15.2 m long, with 10 plants being spaced 2.7 m apart in the row, and the remaining 6.1 m of each plot being used as a buffer zone. There were 4 replications of each plot, arranged as a randomized complete block. Seeds were placed in pre-moistened Jiffy-9 pellets in a greenhouse on 16 June 2003. Germinated seedlings were transplanted to the field on June 30. There were 27 triploid cultivars grown, with an average yield of 34.3 t·ha–1, and 14 diploid cultivars grown, also with an average of 34.3 t·ha–1. The three highest yielding diploids were `Gold Strike' with 51.7 t·ha–1, `Jamboree' with 44.8 t·ha–1, and `Dulce'with 43.0 t·ha–1. The three highest yielding triploids were `Sweet Slice' with 49.1 t·ha–1, `Sweet Delight' with 46.6 t·ha–1, and `Samba' with 45.0 t·ha–1. Small, personal sized melons are gaining popularity in the markets, and several small sized cultivars were included in this study. The cultivars with the smallest fruit, and their average fruit sizes, were `HA 5133', 2.6 kg; `HA 6007', 2.7 kg; `HA 5109', 2.8 kg; `Minipol', 3.0 kg; `WD-02-05', 3.4 kg; `HA 6008', 3.4 kg; `HSR 2920', 3.5 kg; `HA 6009], 3.7 kg; `HA 5116', 3.7 kg; and `WT-03-05', 4.2 kg.

scholarly journals Long-term Response of Early Maturing Peach Trees to Postharvest Water Deficits

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Johnson ◽  
D.F. Handley ◽  
T.M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Term Response

Early maturing peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Regina] growing on a deep sandy loam soil were subjected to three levels of postharvest irrigation over 4 years. The control treatment was irrigated with ≈ 10 to 15 cm of water at 2- to 3-week intervals, the medium treatment received a single irrigation (20 to 30 cm) in early August, and the dry treatment was not irrigated between early to mid-June and mid-October. All received a predormancy irrigation of 10 to 15 cm in mid- to late October. Flower and fruit density were greater in the dry treatment than the control. The occurrence of double fruit was also greatly increased in the dry treatment but not in the medium treatment, when compared with the control. After normal commercial hand thinning, yields and fruit size were no different among the three treatments over all 4 years. Vegetative growth as measured by dormant pruning weights, trunk radial growth, and canopy shaded area was reduced in the dry treatment, but there was no indication of progressively declining vigor. Soil moisture determinations indicate that water use by the control occurred mainly in the upper soil profile. In the dry treatment, as the upper profile dried, water was extracted progressively deeper, down to at least 300 cm. The main disadvantage of severe postharvest water stress was the substantial increase of double fruits.

Effects of high pressure on the crystallization of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) laminate composites

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Hong-Ming Lin ◽  
C. H. Liu ◽  
R. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Peek Composite ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a crystallizable thermoplastic used as composite matrix materials in application which requires high yield stress, high toughness, long term high temperature service, and resistance to solvent and radiation. There have been several reports on the crystallization behavior of neat PEEK and of CF/PEEK composite. Other reports discussed the effects of crystallization on the mechanical properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK composites. However, these reports were all concerned with the crystallization or melting processes at or close to atmospheric pressure. Thus, the effects of high pressure on the crystallization of CF/PEEK will be examined in this study.The continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) laminate composite with 68 wt.% of fibers was obtained from Imperial Chemical Industry (ICI). For the high pressure experiments, HIP was used to keep these samples under 1000, 1500 or 2000 atm. Then the samples were slowly cooled from 420 °C to 60 °C in the cooling rate about 1 - 2 degree per minute to induce high pressure crystallization. After the high pressure treatment, the samples were scanned in regular DSC to study the crystallinity and the melting temperature. Following the regular polishing, etching, and gold coating of the sample surface, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to image the microstructure of the crystals. Also the samples about 25mmx5mmx3mm were prepared for the 3-point bending tests.

Selection of china plum varieties (Prunus salicina lindl.) for use in modern plantings of the northern caucasus foothill zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. E. Dedova
Keyword(s):  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the results of two years of research (2018-2019) of the most important phonological phases of seasonal growth and development, biometric parameters, productivity and economic efficiency of new varieties of Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) grown in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in the Krymsk district of Krasnodar territory on a plot of the Krymsk experimental breeding station – branch of VIR. As a result of research, the varieties Angeleno, Black Star, Byron Gold, Black Amber, Larry Ann and Sun Gold were recommended for cultivation using intensive technologies.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Crocket ◽  
Eric YL Wong ◽  
Dale C Lien ◽  
Khanh Gia Nguyen ◽  
Michelle R Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the assessment of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: A university hospital.POPULATION STUDIED: Ninety-six patients referred for bronchoscopy with computed tomographic evidence of significant mediastinal or hilar adenopathy.RESULTS: Ninety-nine patient records were reviewed. Three patients had two separate bronchoscopy procedures. TBNA was positive in 42 patients (44%) and negative in 54 patients. Of the 42 patients with a positive aspirate, 40 had malignant cytology and two had cells consistent with benign disease. The positive TBNA result altered management in 22 of 40 patients with malignant disease and one of two patients with benign disease, thereby avoiding further diagnostic procedures. The cost of these subsequent procedures was estimated at $27,335. No complications related to TBNA were documented.CONCLUSIONS: TBNA is a high-yield, safe and cost effective procedure for the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic cancer.

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