scholarly journals Temporal profiles describing markers of inflammation and metabolism during the transition period of pasture-based, seasonal-calving dairy cows

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.K. Spaans ◽  
B. Kuhn-Sherlock ◽  
A. Hickey ◽  
M.A. Crookenden ◽  
A. Heiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Temporal Profiles

scholarly journals The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Satoshi Haga ◽  
Hiroshi Ishizaki ◽  
Sanggun Roh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows

Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.

Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites during transition period in dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Seifi ◽  
M. Gorji-Dooz ◽  
M. Mohri ◽  
B. Dalir-Naghadeh ◽  
N. Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Palma Rennó ◽  
José Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Lenita Camargo Verdurico ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 894-903
Author(s):  
Marina Žekić-Stošić ◽  
Zdenko Kanački ◽  
Dragica Stojanović ◽  
Dejan Bugarski ◽  
Miodrag Lazarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Burst Activity ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
Entire Study

Introduction: Hormonal and metabolic changes, as well as energy imbalance, can affect health, production and reproductive performance of dairy cows. In the present study, we evaluated phagocytosis and respiratory burst neutrophil activity during the transition period and early lactation and compared it with biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Methodology: Simmental cows (n = 21) were enrolled in the study. Whole blood samples were collected weekly from 3 weeks pre- calving until 6 weeks post calving. Basic metabolic and blood parameters were assessed by routine laboratory analyses, while neutrophil functions were analyzed by commercial test kits. Results: Optimal neutrophil response was observed pre and post calving. The highest value was recorded in the 6th week after calving (89.54 ± 7.61%) and being significantly higher (p < 0.01) as compared to values recorded at two and one week before and one week after calving. The percentage of activated neutrophils was high during the entire study period: from 70.80 ± 5.22% at the beginning of the study to 89.54 ± 7.61% at the end of the study. During the study period, production of Reactive Oxidative Species by neutrophils was positively correlated with β-hydroxybutyrat and non-esterified fatty acids values (0.454** and 0.423**, respectively) and calcium levels (0.164* and 0.212**, respectively). Conclusions: The most prominent changes in all parameters had no influence on phagocytic and respiratory burst activity of neutrophils. Neutrophil function is preserved at the optimal level during the transition period and early lactation in Simmental cows.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Effects of an Early Postpartum Intravenous Infusion with Carnosic Acid on Physiological Responses of Transition Dairy Cows

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Tainara Cristina Michelotti ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Johan S. Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO2– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.

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