scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of a mixture of gluconeogenic precursors during the transition period on performance, blood metabolites and insulin concentrations and hepatic gene expression of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 114791
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Orellana Rivas ◽  
Fabian A. Gutierrez-Oviedo ◽  
Gustavo H. Komori ◽  
Vitor V. Beihling ◽  
Thiago N. Marins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression

scholarly journals Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000339
Author(s):  
Hala A R Saed ◽  
Hussam M M Ibrahim ◽  
Sabry A El-Khodery ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.

scholarly journals The role of rumen-protected choline in hepatic function and performance of transition dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Shahsavari ◽  
Michael J. D’Occhio ◽  
Rafat Al Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects

AbstractHigh-producing dairy cows enter a period of negative energy balance during the first weeks of lactation. Energy intake is usually sufficient to cover the increase in energy requirements for fetal growth during the period before calving, but meeting the demand for energy is often difficult during the early stages of lactation. A catabolic state predominates during the transition period, leading to the mobilisation of energy reserves (NEFA and amino acids) that are utilised mainly by the liver and muscle. Increased uptake of mobilised NEFA by the liver, combined with the limited capacity of hepatocytes to either oxidise fatty acids for energy or to incorporate esterified fatty acids into VLDL results in fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. This metabolic disturbance can affect the general health, and it causes economic losses. Different nutritional strategies have been used to restrict negative effects associated with the energy challenge in transition cows. The provision of choline in the form of rumen-protected choline (RPC) can potentially improve liver function by increasing VLDL exportation from the liver. RPC increases gene expression of microsomal TAG transfer protein and APOB100 that are required for VLDL synthesis and secretion. Studies with RPC have looked at gene expression, metabolic hormones, metabolite profiles, milk production and postpartum reproduction. A reduction in liver fat and enhanced milk production has been observed with RPC supplementation. However, the effects of RPC on health and reproduction are equivocal, which could reflect the lack of sufficient dose–response studies.

scholarly journals Negative energy balance and hepatic gene expression patterns in high-yielding dairy cows during the early postpartum period: a global approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 42A (3) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. McCarthy ◽  
S. M. Waters ◽  
D. A. Kenny ◽  
M. G. Diskin ◽  
R. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum

In high-yielding dairy cows the liver undergoes extensive physiological and biochemical changes during the early postpartum period in an effort to re-establish metabolic homeostasis and to counteract the adverse effects of negative energy balance (NEB). These adaptations are likely to be mediated by significant alterations in hepatic gene expression. To gain new insights into these events an energy balance model was created using differential feeding and milking regimes to produce two groups of cows with either a mild (MNEB) or severe NEB (SNEB) status. Cows were slaughtered and liver tissues collected on days 6–7 of the first follicular wave postpartum. Using an Affymetrix 23k oligonucleotide bovine array to determine global gene expression in hepatic tissue of these cows, we found a total of 416 genes (189 up- and 227 downregulated) to be altered by SNEB. Network analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that SNEB was associated with widespread changes in gene expression classified into 36 gene networks including those associated with lipid metabolism, connective tissue development and function, cell signaling, cell cycle, and metabolic diseases, the three most significant of which are discussed in detail. SNEB cows displayed reduced expression of transcription activators and signal transducers that regulate the expression of genes and gene networks associated with cell signaling and tissue repair. These alterations are linked with increased expression of abnormal cell cycle and cellular proliferation associated pathways. This study provides new information and insights on the effect of SNEB on gene expression in high-yielding Holstein Friesian dairy cows in the early postpartum period.

Prepartal dietary energy alters transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selim ◽  
S. Salin ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
A. Vanhatalo ◽  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Overfeeding during the dry period may predispose cows to increased insulin resistance (IR) with enhanced postpartum lipolysis. We studied gene expression in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 16 Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows fed either a controlled energy diet [Con, 99 MJ/day metabolizable energy (ME)] during the last 6 wk of the dry period or high-energy diet (High, 141 MJ/day ME) for the first 3 wk and then gradually decreasing energy allowance during 3 wk to 99 MJ/day ME before the expected parturition. Tissue biopsies were collected at −10, 1, and 9 days, and blood samples at −10, 1, and 7 days relative to parturition. Overfed cows had greater dry matter, crude protein, and ME intakes and ME balance before parturition. Daily milk yield, live weight, and body condition score were not different between treatments. The High cows tended to have greater plasma insulin and lower glucagon/insulin ratio compared with Con cows. No differences in circulating glucose, glucagon, nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and hepatic triglyceride contents were observed between treatments. Overfeeding compared with Con resulted in lower CPT1A and PCK1 and a tendency for lower G6PC and PC expression in the liver. The High group tended to have lower RETN expression in SAT than Con. No other effects of overfeeding on the expression of genes related to IR in SAT were observed. In conclusion, overfeeding energy prepartum may have compromised hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and slightly affected IR in SAT based on gene expression.

161 DIETARY ENERGY SOURCE IN PRIMIPAROUS DAIRY COWS DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD: BLOOD METABOLITES AND FOLLICULAR CLASSIFICATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
M. A. T. Artunduaga ◽  
S. G. Coelho ◽  
A. M. Borges ◽  
A. M. Q. Lana ◽  
H. M. Saturnino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Class I ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Calcium Salts

Solving reproductive problems of postpartum dairy cows has become one of the main targets of the scientific community even though the advances in this field are partial in most of the conducted research. There is a need to approach the problem with a multidisciplinary strategy that simultaneously includes nutritional and reproductive issues. Increasing the availability of glucogenic and lipogenic nutrients during the transition period has been hypothesised to improve energy balance and to decrease the incidence and severity of metabolic and reproductive disorders in early lactation. Based on the considerations mentioned above, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of a glucogenic or a lipogenic diet on blood metabolites and follicular dynamics in primiparous dairy cows during the transition period. Forty primiparous dairy cows received a lipogenic or glucogenic supplement during the transition period and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments [control; calcium salts of soybean fatty acids (CaS), Megalac-E; toasted soybean; and propylene glycol]. Diets were isocaloric and isoproteic. Blood samples were taken from each animal 10 and 5 days before the expected calving date and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 postpartum. Ultrasound scanning was performed in all cows on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday up to day 45 postpartum. Follicles registered during ultrasound examination were classified in 4 categories: class I (3–5 mm), class II (6–9 mm), class III (10–15 mm), and class IV (>15 mm). Data analysis was performed using PROC GLM (SAS, 6.12, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 1995). Metabolites and ovarian activity were analysed using a split-plot design. Pairwise comparisons of individual means were carried out using the Scott Knott and Duncan test. Values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Insulin and glucose concentrations were higher in the CaS group when compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest insulin and glucose concentrations were observed on cows supplemented with propylene glycol. Nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (NEFA) were lower for all treatments compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The most efficient follicular growth pattern during the postpartum period was observed in the CaS group, which was characterised by a reduction in the number of class I and II follicles and an increase in class III and IV throughout the trial. In general, smaller follicles go through recruitment and selection processes to bigger follicles and these follicles probably remain stable due to the fact that this particular follicular class represents a transitory phase in which there are always follicles going under the processes of selection and dominance. Overall, results suggest that calcium salts of soybean fatty acids reduced the dramatic metabolic and endocrine changes of primiparous dairy cows during transition period, which could be associated with better reproductive performance. This work was supported by the FAPEMIG (Grant CVZ 600/06).

scholarly journals Relationship between body condition score, blood metabolites and oxidative stress in transition period and reproductive performance of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
H. E. ÇOLAKOĞLU ◽  
M. O. YAZLIK ◽  
U. KAYA ◽  
S. KURT ◽  
R. BAYRAMOĞLU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Condition Score

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between prepartum body condition score (BCS), blood metabolites (Glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate; BHB), oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde; MDA, Glutathione peroxidase; GSH-Px) in transition period and some reproductive parameters in Holstein dairy cows. Fifty cows were divided into two groups [low-BCS = 2.75-3.0 (n=25); adequate-BCS = 3.25-3.75 (n=25)] according to BCS on the 21st day before expected calving. BCS was also recorded at 0 and +21 days after calving. Blood samples collected at -21, 0 and +21 days from calving for MDA and GSH-Px analysis as well as at -21, +14 and +21 days of postpartum for glucose and BHB. Data on reproductive parameters obtained from farm records were also collected. MDA concentrations were higher in group of low-BCS compared to group of adequate-BCS at -21 and 0 d related to calving (p<0.05). GSH-Px activity was lower in group of low-BCS than adequate one during the transition period (p<0.05). Low-BCS group also showed higher concentrations of BHB at +14 and +21 days after calving. During the transition period, low-BCS group had lower glucose concentrations compared to adequate one (p<0.05). Adequate-BCS group of cows showed shorter intervals of calving to first estrus (p<0.01) and calving to conception (p<0.01). In conclusion, cows with lower BCS at the prepartum period had worse metabolic and oxidative balance during the transition period. This situation also was associated with worse reproductive performance in cows.

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