Hospital Based Cancer Statistics as an Initial Step towards Establishment of Effective Cancer Intervention in Tanzania

There is an increasing public awareness that cancer in terms of increasing incidence rates and low curability become a serious problem in Tanzania. Due to limited human and physical resources in Tanzania, cancer interventions that address high incidences, curability and socio-economic impact must be given top priority. This information is often obtained in Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) which is not only lacking in Tanzania but its production requires relatively long period of follow-up and high cost of registration. Since establishment of effective cancer intervention is urgent, the desired information needed to accord this priority has been obtained from Hospital Based Cancer Statistics at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI). From this study, it was found that interventions of cancer of the cervix, breast, kaposi sarcoma, esophageal and head and neck has to be given high priority. It was also observed that treatment outcome for cervical cancer patients of all stages ranged between 34.2 % and 39.1% in the year 2010 and 2015 respectively. Using incidence, curability and socio-economic indices, the cancer type which require effective intervention are cancer of the cervix, breast and kaposi sarcoma. Implicitly, in the low cure rate of each detected cervical cancer in Tanzania compared to high cure rate reported in developed countries, early detection interventions and dose delivery accuracy should be improved.

Download Full-text

Incidence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 2007-2016

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i6.3364 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gulnar SHALGUMBAYEVA ◽

Almagul ZHABAGINA ◽

Anargul KUANYSHEVA ◽

Marat SANDYBAYEV ◽

Raida FAIZOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Former Soviet Union ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Cervical Cancer Mortality ◽

The Republic

Background: Epidemiology of cervical cancer is relatively well studied in developed countries of the world, but little is known about Central Asian states. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: The statistical analysis of official data on cervical cancer mortality and morbidity was performed for the whole country. Data on cervical cancer patients were retrieved for the period 2007-2016. Results: There was an increase in the incidence of cervical cancer among the population of Kazakhstan from 15.24 per 100,000 in 2007 to 18.83 per 100,000 in 2016. This might be attributed to the introduction of national health program in 2011, which improved early identification. Over the last few years, the decreasing cervical cancer mortality is observed influenced by early diagnosis. The age-standardized incidence rates show that the majority of cervical cancer cases occur in the 40-49 yr age group. Conclusion: The incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Kazakhstan in 2007-2016 are comparable with those in the neighboring former Soviet Union countries. Significant variations in incidence and mortality rates and one-year cancer-specific survival were observed between country regions.

Download Full-text

A Global Cancer Project Map Integrating Global Cancer Statistics to Guide International Efforts

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.2016.004523 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 9s-10s ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Chisti ◽

Nour Sharara ◽

Manaswi Gupta ◽

Jane Craycroft ◽

Ilyana Rosenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Research ◽

National Cancer Institute ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Life Years ◽

Cancer Project

Abstract 39 Background: In response to the growing burden of cancer, Global Oncology, Inc., and the National Cancer Institute Center for Global Health launched a free, online, interactive map, the Global Cancer Project Map (GCPM) [ http://gcpm.globalonc.org ], to allow policy makers, researchers, and civil society around the world to search this central repository of international cancer control and research projects. The GCPM serves to catalyze collaboration in cancer research and clinical care, as well as inform research and care gaps. Methods: In addition to search options by project attributes, the GCPM provides map overlays of epidemiological measures using IARC’s GLOBOCAN cancer-specific estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality, cancer disability--adjusted life years, and UN Human Development Index country values. Currently, the map displays projects with international collaborators collated from the NCI, NCI-Designated Cancer Centers, UICC and ASCO. Results: The GCPM search options offer countless angles of looking at projects worldwide. Of the 1,479 currently-mapped projects, 44.8% have investigators or collaborators in less-developed countries (LDCs) (as defined by the UN). Of the 1218 with a project type classification, 104 relate to capacity building and/or training, with 69 of these projects (66.3%) occurring in LDCs. Utilizing the cancer type search options, the GCPM currently displays 54 cervical cancer projects with LDC collaborators, where the cervical cancer mortality age--standardized risk is more than 2.5 times higher for LDCs than more-developed countries. Conclusions: The GCPM is a real-time needs assessment tool to allow the cancer community to visualize international efforts in cancer control and link need to action. To better address the growing burden of cancer, the partnership is actively seeking collaboration and additional project submissions. Utilized with cancer statistic overlays, the GCPM can help develop regional priorities in cancer research and control. Funding: This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. AUTHORS’ DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Ali Chisti No relationship to disclose Nour Sharara No relationship to disclose Manaswi Gupta No relationship to disclose Jane Craycroft No relationship to disclose Ilyana Rosenberg Employment: Connance, Inc., Hayes Management Consulting Camille Morgan No relationship to disclose Kalina Duncan No relationship to disclose Rachel Abudu No relationship to disclose Billy Andre No relationship to disclose Shannon Silkenson No relationship to disclose Jennifer Silva No relationship to disclose Ami Bhatt No relationship to disclose Ted Trimble No relationship to disclose Franklin Huang Stock or Other Ownership: GlaxoSmithKline, Abbvie

Download Full-text

BREAST CANCER STATISTICS IN THE CRIMEA REPUBLIC

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-4-580-586 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 580-586

Author(s):

Viktor Oleksenko ◽

Kazim Aliev ◽

Tatyana Yefetova ◽

I. Akinshevich ◽

O. Dolgopolova

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Female Population ◽

Cancer Statistics ◽

The Crimea ◽

Accumulation Index

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. The epidemiological picture of BC among the population of the Crimea Republic is analyzed with a comparative evaluation with nation-wide rates. According to the presented data the incidence of BC in the Crimea Republic has a clear upward trend. Incidence growth is mainly due to the female population among the «employable» contingent that requires regular clinical examination and screening these patients. In prognostic estimates by 2020 the incidence rates of BC in female population will increase by 10 % compared to 2015. The increase of the prevalence, contingent accumulation index, the proportion of patients experiencing more than 5 years, and reduction in mortality of the observed patient cohort shows better results of BC treatment in the Crimea Republic as compared to the All-Russian data.

Download Full-text

Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e042762

Author(s):

Shuai Yuan ◽

Shao-Hua Xie

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Anatomic Site ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

Download Full-text

Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Women in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria: A Community-Based Study

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2016/6469240 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ajibola Idowu ◽

Samuel Anu Olowookere ◽

Aderonke Tolulope Fagbemi ◽

Olumuyiwa Ayotunde Ogunlaja

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Effective Control ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

North Central ◽

Nigerian Women ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Cancer Of The Cervix

Introduction. Cancer of the cervix is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developing countries. Screening is one of the most cost effective control strategies for the disease. This study assessed the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among Nigerian women.Methodology. This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling technique among 338 participants in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. A pretested questionnaire was used for data collection and data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis while binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was set atp<0.05.Results. Only 8.0% of the respondents had ever been screened for cancer of the cervix. The proportion of women who had ever been screened was significantly higher among those who demonstrated positive attitude to screening (81.5%,p=0.001), respondents who were aware of the disease (100.0%,p=0.001), and those who were aware of cervical cancer screening (88.9%,p=0.001). Respondents who had negative attitude had 63% lesser odds of being screened compared to those who had positive attitudes towards screening (AOR; 0.37, 95% CI; 0.01–0.28).Conclusion. There is urgent need to improve the knowledge base and attitude of Nigerian women to enhance cervical cancer screening uptake among them.

Download Full-text

Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures: A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700011910 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 909-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 578

Author(s):

N. Sartorius ◽

A. Jablensky ◽

A. Korten ◽

G. Ernberg ◽

M. Anker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Study ◽

Strong Support ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Symptom Profiles ◽

Evaluation Phase ◽

Different Populations ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Cultures ◽

First Contact

SynopsisIn a context of a WHO collaborative study, 12 research centres in 10 countries monitored geographically defined populations over 2 years to identify individuals making a first-in-lifetime contact with any type of ‘helping agency’ because of symptoms of psychotic illness. A total of 1379 persons who met specified inclusion criteria for schizophrenia and other related non-affective disorders were examined extensively, using standardized instruments, on entry into the study and on two consecutive follow-ups at annual intervals. Patients in different cultures, meeting the ICD and CATEGO criteria for schizophrenia, were remarkably similar in their symptom profiles and 49% of them presented the central schizophrenic conditions as defined by CATEGO class S+. However, the 2-year pattern of course was considerably more favourable in patients in developing countries compared with patients in developed countries, and the difference could not be fully explained by the higher frequency of acute onsets among the former. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and estimates of disease expectancy were determined for a ‘broad’ diagnostic group of schizophrenic illness and for CATEGO S+ cases. While the former showed significant differences among the centres, the differences in the rates for S+ cases were non-significant or marginal. The results provide strong support for the notion that schizophrenic illnesses occur with comparable frequency in different populations and support earlier findings that the prognosis is better in less industrialized societies.

Download Full-text

Role of Protein Biomarkers in the Detection of High-Grade Disease in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2012/289315 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Charlotte A. Brown ◽

Johnannes Bogers ◽

Shaira Sahebali ◽

Christophe E. Depuydt ◽

Frans De Prins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

False Negative ◽

Pap Test ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Screening Programs

Since the Pap test was introduced in the 1940s, there has been an approximately 70% reduction in the incidence of squamous cell cervical cancers in many developed countries by the application of organized and opportunistic screening programs. The efficacy of the Pap test, however, is hampered by high interobserver variability and high false-negative and false-positive rates. The use of biomarkers has demonstrated the ability to overcome these issues, leading to improved positive predictive value of cervical screening results. In addition, the introduction of HPV primary screening programs will necessitate the use of a follow-up test with high specificity to triage the high number of HPV-positive tests. This paper will focus on protein biomarkers currently available for use in cervical cancer screening, which appear to improve the detection of women at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer, including Ki-67,p16INK4a, BD ProEx C, and Cytoactiv HPV L1.

Download Full-text

Genetic polymorphism of miR-218-2 (rs11134527) in cervical cancer: a case-control study in the Bangladeshi women

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536610666210715102554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Farhana Nazneen ◽

Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽

Md. Abdul Barek ◽

Md. Abdul Aziz ◽

Mohammad Sarowar Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Recessive Model ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Control Study ◽

Healthy Females

Background: The prevalence of Cervical Cancer (CC) is disproportionately higher in developing countries. It is the second most frequent cancer type among Bangladeshi women and the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. However, no previous data reported the association of miR-218-2 gene polymorphisms in Bangladeshi cervical cancer patients. Aim: This case-control study was designed to find the link between the rs11134527 polymorphism in miR-218-2 and CC. Methods: A total of 488 subjects were recruited, comprising 256 cervical cancer patients and 232 healthy females. Genotyping was conducted with the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique to detect the association. Results: The results of genotype data showed that rs11134527 obeyed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both CC cases and controls (P >0.05). Overall, the polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer with AG genotype (AG vs. GG: OR = 2.26, 95% Cl = 1.40-3.66, P = 0.0008), AA genotype (AA vs. GG: OR = 3.64, 95% Cl = 2.17-6.10, P <0.0001), dominant model (AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 2.75, 95% Cl = 1.75-4.31, P <0.0001), recessive model (AA vs. GG+AG: OR = 2.08, 95% Cl = 1.41-3.08, P = 0.0002), and A allele (A vs. G: OR = 1.94, 95% Cl = 1.51-2.51, P <0.0001). All of these correlations remained statistically significant after performing Bonferroni correction (P <0.008). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the rs11134527 polymorphism in the miR-218-2 gene contributes to the susceptibility of CC in Bangladeshi women.

Download Full-text