scholarly journals Deficiencies in the Legal Framework of Housing in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig ◽  
Rao Qasim Idrees ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Usman Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Housing Industry ◽  
Special Priority ◽  
Do So

Housing has been given a special priority by the present Government of Pakistan due to its huge financial impact. One of the basic necessities of life includes housing. Housing has been acknowledged as directory principle under the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973. Under the scheme of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, the provision of housing units is primarily the responsibility of the Local Governments in the provinces, but they have miserably failed to do so. This article points out some of the major reasons and obstacles due to which housing laws are unable to regulate the housing industry of Pakistan in an effective manner. At the end of this article, some suggestions and recommendations have been given, which are necessary to improve the legislative as well as the regulatory mechanism of the housing industry in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Goal of Housing for All As Envisaged By the UN Habitat Agenda: A Case Study of Cooperative Housing Societies in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 156-176
Author(s):  
Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Usman Nawaz ◽  
Dr. Rao Qasim Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cooperative Housing ◽  
The People ◽  
Housing Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
Housing Units

Pakistan is member of UN Habitat agenda under which housing for all is the goal of all member states. In pursuance of this goal housing has been acknowledged under the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 in the chapter of principles of policy. It is beyond of financial resources of the Government of Pakistan to provide housing units to all the citizens of Pakistan. To achieve the goal of housing for all, private sector has been encouraged to provide housing units to the people of Pakistan. But, due to a weak Legal Framework to regulate the activities of the developers of the housing industry, there are malpractices and frauds in the housing industry of Pakistan which are committed by the management of the cooperative housing societies. This article deals with the major problems faced by the cooperative housing societies along with the recommendations to strengthen the Legal Framework relating to cooperative housing societies. Secondary data has been used to make critical analysis of the regulatory regime of cooperative housing societies. The aims and purposes of this article includes to provide input the legislature as well as regulatory authorities to amend and strengthen the Legal Framework relating to cooperative housing societies in Pakistan.

Protecting Natural Resources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter focuses on the connection between the international legal framework governing the conservation of natural resources and human rights law. The objective is to examine the potential synergies between international environmental law and human rights when it comes to the protection of natural resources. To do so, it concentrates on three main areas of potential convergence. It first focuses on the pollution of natural resources and analyses how human rights law offers a potential platform to seek remedies for the victims of pollution. It next concentrates on the conservation of natural resources, particularly on the interconnection between protected areas, biodiversity, and human rights law. Finally, it examines the relationship between climate change and human rights law, focusing on the role that human rights law can play in the development of the current climate change adaptation and mitigation frameworks.

scholarly journals The Shafts of Strife and War: A Critical Analysis of the Immigration (Mass Arrivals) Amendment Bill

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
International Law ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Difficulties

This article critically analyses the Immigration (Mass Arrivals) Amendment Bill 2012 currently before Parliament, which purports to deal with the potential mass arrival by sea of asylum seekers. The article first sets the legislation in its domestic and international law context as well as empirically comparing the changes with those recently enacted in Canada and Australia. The purported purposes of the legislation are examined by the article and it is seen that each of these are fraught with legal difficulties. Four major substantive changes the Bill would introduce are then outlined. In relation to the purposes of the legislation, New Zealand's domestic and international legal framework, and in comparison with similar regimes in Australia and Canada, this article concludes that the proposed New Zealand legislation is questionable in terms of both purpose and likely efficacy.

scholarly journals Service-Oriented Architecture of E-Government: Characteristics of the Anglo-American Model and Peculiarities of its Implementation in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Andrii NAKONECHNYI ◽  
Natalia KOLISNICHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
American Model ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Anglo American

In the paper the advantages of the service-oriented architecture of e-government and its prospects for Ukraine are revealed. Service-oriented e-government is governed by a service-oriented architecture. Service-oriented architecture is the functionality of software as services aiming to establish compatibility in their provision. The model of service-oriented e-government architecture is divided into five layers (levels), arranged from bottom to top: operational level, semantic level, service level, process level, presentation level. The practice of service-oriented e-government in foreign countries is studies: USA, Canada, and Great Britain. These countries implement the so-called Anglo-American model of informatization of the state, which is based on: removal of redundant functions of government, delivery of public services to citizens, meeting the needs of citizens through information technology. This model promotes the development of transactions, payment for services via the Internet. Foreign experience shows that a key feature of government activities is to ensure the success of the implemented actions, as well as to control the quality and scope of services. Therefore, when developing e-government projects, the governments take their efforts to get the corresponding positive consequences in the availability of services: providing quality services to citizens and businesses; increasing revenues; easing the financial burden on federal and local governments, primarily by reducing documents and electronic services on the Internet. The trends of the model implementation in Ukraine are studies. The evolution of the issue included the Program «Electronic Ukraine», the realization of the E-Government Information System. The further steps are analyzed based on the information from the official website of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine which provides the cases of service-oriented state (Popular services). The projects of the Ministry on Digital State digitize many services, update their legal framework, streamline the activity of state registers, and provide technical capabilities and data protection. It is concluded that service-oriented architecture of e-government is characterized by the features of its implementation based on such principles as: information-centric approach; the principle of a common platform, which focuses on creating an open information environment and common technological infrastructure for more effective collaboration of all participants and users of e-government; the principle of user orientation (all e-government activities are aimed at meeting the needs of service consumers); the principle of security and confidentiality.

MODEL PENILAIAN DAN EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN DIKLAT BAGI PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Donalson Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
The Government ◽  
Return To Duty ◽  
And Training

Donalson Silalah, Basically, the government and local governments have made the development of government officers through a program of education and training. Providing education and training is less efficient and effective manner due to the relative unavailability of assessment guidelines and evaluation of education and training. Therefore, this paper aims to build a model of assessment and evaluation of education and training. Models are constructed focused on education and training participant, lecturer, curriculum, organizers and the participants after they return to duty at their respective workplaces. Model assessment and evaluation of education and training builds upon the indicators of each aspect. Indicators that are used can be adjusted as needed. Based on the models constructed can be known what the obstacles to the implementation of education and training. Based on the constraints that are found to be a solution in the subsequent implementation of education and training.

A Critique of Legal Framework Facilitating Access to Government Information in Tanzania

2015 ◽  
pp. 1737-1762
Author(s):  
John Ubena
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Government Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

This chapter provides a critical analysis of the legal framework for access to information particularly information held by government in Tanzania. The analysis intends to establish whether the existing Right To Information (RTI) legal framework and ICT development in Tanzania facilitates universal and requisite access to government information. In order to do that, the chapter utilises a literature review to understand contemporary trends in both theory and practice. In addition, journal articles, books, reports, case law, and pieces of legislation focusing on RTI are visited to obtain deeper insights in the topic under scrutiny. The findings indicate that, despite Tanzania's efforts to embrace democracy virtues, good governance, and technology, the country lacks adequate legal framework to facilitate universal access to government information and ensure that the Right To Information (RTI) is observed in all the socio-economic contexts. To rectify this problem, there is need to enact the RTI law with clear focus of encouraging access to government information. Although two bills (the Media Service Bill [MSB] and the 2011 RTI) are currently being debated, it is not clear yet when they will become law and subsequently practiced.

Vietnam: Marshalling State and Non-State Actors

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Phan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Policy Information ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medical Policy ◽  
Economic Considerations

This chapter examines Vietnam’s campaign against Covid-19. When the coronavirus outbreak emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan, the government of Vietnam considered it a highly contagious disease and immediately implemented all necessary measures to protect people from the emerging pandemic, even if these strict measures resulted in massive economic losses. The chapter then introduces the regulatory framework which enabled the government and other non-state actors in Vietnam to fight the epidemic effectively. It also discusses how Vietnam contained the spread of the virus in practice from the perspectives of health and medical policy, information and technology, economic policy, and international cooperation. Ultimately, Vietnam’s unique response derives from four factors: (1) the policy that prioritized public health over economic considerations; (2) Vietnam’s having been well prepared for dealing with contagious diseases since the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the government immediately introducing strict measures to prevent the spread of Covid-19 when it emerged in China; (3) the legal framework specifying the roles of the central and local governments to avoid any bureaucratic delays in making decisions in an epidemic; and (4) the government flexibly combining coercive means with deliberate action, public education, effective governance, and effective coordination with the community and the private sector.

scholarly journals Explaining Ideal Teacher Competences in the Islamic Republic of Iran—Based on the Revolutionary Documentations of Its Education and Pedagogical System

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Pooran Khorooshi ◽  
Ahmad Reza Nasr Isfahany ◽  
Sayed Ebrahim Mirshahjafari ◽  
Nematollah Mosapour
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Ideal Teacher ◽  
Personnel Planning ◽  
Teacher Competences ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Multicultural Classrooms ◽  
Do So

<p class="apa">The roles of teachers and schools are changing, and so are expectations about them. Teachers must educate in progressively multicultural classrooms, coordinate students with particular needs, utilize ICT for teaching viably, engage in evaluation and accountability processes, and involve parents in schools. In such, this study aimed to identify and introduce ideal teacher competences in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the revolutionary documentations of its education and pedagogical system. To do so, 544 pages of the texts of these documentations were meticulously studied and analyzed by qualitative content analysis using the inductive method in creating categories. Then, 138 items representing ideal teacher competences in the Islamic Republic of Iran were extracted and categorized. The results of the research showed 5 main domains of competences—including knowledge, skill, attitude, action, and ethics—as well as their sub-qualifications and related components. This analysis facilitates codification of special criteria for recruiting efficient and effective personnel; planning, predicting and designing a curriculum based on teacher competences; and attracting the attention of experts and macro curriculum planners of universities responsible for teacher training.</p>

Information Technology Among U.S. Local Governments

2008 ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
Donald F. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Do So

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the adoption, uses, and impacts of information technology (IT), including electronic government, among local governments in the United States1. In the 1950s, these governments began to adopt IT for a variety of purposes and functions, and they continue to do so today. Since at least the mid 1970s, a small, but prolific group of scholars has conducted a large body of research on various aspects of IT and local government.2 It is from that research and my own studies into this subject that I have based this chapter (regarding e-government, see also, Norris, 2006). Given the constraint of space, this chapter can only highlight aspects of this important topic. Readers who wish to delve more deeply into the subject of information technology and local government may wish to avail themselves of the works found in the bibliography as well as references from other, related works which can be found through those works.

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