scholarly journals Impacts of the first COVID-19 Lockdown on Mobility and Consumption of Households in Sri Lanka: Results of a Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 06-09
Author(s):  
M. Mavin De Silva ◽  
◽  
H. Niles Perera ◽  
Amal S. Kumarage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Email Survey

Sri Lanka was introduced to an unnamed virus on 27th January 2020 when a Chinese tourist was diagnosed with it [1]. Within 8 weeks, the virus named COVID-19 had begun infecting the local population, and the government was taking measures to prevent its spread in Sri Lanka. The government imposed an all-island curfew on 20th March 2020 [2]. Starting from 20th March, the government encouraged Work-from-Home (WFH) and allowed agricultural activities while imposing restrictions on all physical movements [3]. With curfew, the government allowed the distribution of essential items and goods transport through issuing curfew passes. In spite of these measures, people faced many hardships during this time. The department of Transport and Logistics Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, conducted a survey on 12th April and completed on 20th April 2020, during a period that the country was having curfew almost all the time. The purpose of this survey was to determine the immediate impact that the government’s steps had on the people’s lives and their impressions on the future. Over 1100 respondents from all districts of the country took part in the online and email survey. As this would return a biased sample, we normalised the collected data across the districts and by educational profile to make the representation as accurate as possible [4]. The analysis led to the following 3 noteworthy findings that would be useful for any future emergency or return to curfew if the need so arises.

scholarly journals E-Governance in India to Combat COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. Mangesh M. Ghonge ◽  
Mr. Deepak Pathratkar
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Mutual Contact ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
To Receive

Viral pandemics are a serious threat. COVID-19 is not the first, and it won't be the last. As the whole world is going through the black phase of COVID-19 virus, the scientists are trying to invent a fighting vaccine against the same. Each and every sector in every part of the world is infected by the outburst of the fatal virus. Right from business and trade to sports and entertainment, every aspect of life is suffering a lot. To combat the outbreak of the pandemic, most of the countries have used partial to complete lockdown as the only weapon to stop the spread of the virus. In the current scenario, almost all the private sector companies as well as the government offices have suggested all the employees to work from home to stop the community spread of the disease that may occur if people come in mutual contact. While we think of governing authorities around the world, each and every government provides some e-facilities to their citizens to some what extent. Generally E-Governance can be stated as the facility to receive each and everything electronically i.e. you don’t need to go to outside home to receive any document or order. In this paper, we briefly described the different aspects of e-governance.

scholarly journals Modeling Internal Movement of Children Born in Hong Kong to Nonlocal Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5476
Author(s):  
Paul Yip ◽  
Mehdi Soleymani ◽  
Kam Pui Wat ◽  
Edward Pinkney ◽  
Kwok Fai Lam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Future ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Government

In Hong Kong, approximately 300,000 children were born to Mainland China couples in the period 1991–2012. According to Basic Law, the mini constitution of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) government, these parents do not have residence rights, but their children do. As a result, most of these children have returned to Mainland China with their parents. An important consideration for policymakers is how many of these children (who are now adults in some cases) will return to Hong Kong for good, and when, as this will have a significant impact on social service provision, especially in the education sector, where it will be necessary to ensure there is capacity to meet the additional demand. Prior survey results conducted by the government suggested that more than 50% of these children would return to Hong Kong before age six. It is important to be able to provide a timely projection of the demand into the future. Here, we make use of the immigration records on the actual movement of these children and propose a Markov chain model to estimate their return rates in the future. Our results show that only about 25% of these children would return rather than 50% estimated by the survey. We also find that parents with better educational attainment levels are associated with lower return rates of their children. Timely and relevant social and public policies are needed to prepare for their return to minimize disruption to the local population and promote social harmony for the whole community.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on Education System in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 09-13
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

The Covid-19 also known as Coronavirus is declared as pandemic in 2020 by almost all the countries around the globe. Pandemic like covid, H1N1 etc , is an event that will be remembered for a long time. The consequences of decisions taken by the government during pandemic will no doubt have a significant impact on the future development of global society. Education is one of the most important and affected area due to lockdown enforced due to pandemic. This paper tries to cover affect of covid pandemic on education system and economic of the India.

scholarly journals Literature Review: Legalisasi Dokumen Elektronik Menggunakan Tanda Tangan Digital sebagai Alternatif Pengesahan Dokumen di Masa Pandemi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trihastuti Yuniati ◽  
Muhammad Fajar Sidiq
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Digital Signatures ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

With a pandemic that has hit almost all over the world, the government has issued policies for doing physical distancing and work from home (WFH). That policies made a very significant change in the way people work and interact. WFH applies in most fields of work, one of them is in education. WFH and online learning require every student, lecturer and employee to work online from home. In fact, there are many activities that require validation in the form of a signature, both for academic and non-academic matters. Digital signature is a technology that can be applied to overcome this problem. There are various algorithms and schemes that users can implement. This paper will present the results of a review of several literature related to the implementation of digital signatures. The results of this literature review are expected to provide the readers with an insight of the implementation of digital signatures in various fields, as well as their strengths and weaknesses.

scholarly journals Work from Home and the Use of ICT during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia and Its Impact on Cities in the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6760
Author(s):  
Rini Rachmawati ◽  
Ulfah Choirunnisa ◽  
Zat Ayuningsih Pambagyo ◽  
Yosi Atikah Syarafina ◽  
Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in restrictions on activities involving physical contact, such as working. Indonesia began to apply the system of work from home (WfH) to minimize the spread risk of COVID-19 in March 2020. This research is aimed at finding out the coverage of WfH, mapping changes of workplace, identifying the use of ICT to support WfH, and analyzing the concept of workplace and work systems in future cities. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative. A questionnaire (Google Form) was sent to different WhatsApp groups whose members are experts in urban and regional planning, geography, the environment, smart cities, and IT, with total of 176 respondents. The focus group discussion conducted online focused on the use of ICT to support WfH during the COVID-19 pandemic. The result of this research shows that even before the pandemic, both the government and private sectors had a plan to apply WfH. Because of the pandemic, it became the catalyst for the implementation of WfH. The implementation of WfH has changed workplace orientation. The use of ICT was a primary need in implementing WfH during the pandemic. However, the WfH system implemented in the government sector has not been integrated, and neither has the one in private sectors. WfH is seen to have been effective enough, but it still needs lots of support from many sectors. In the future, WfH can still be maintained, along with working from the office (WfO). The WfH concept is highly recommended for big cities because it can support reduced population mobilization, resulting in reduced congestion and movement costs, and improved efficiency of working time by reducing travel time. On the other hand, it can help in the matter of limited of space that office buildings provide.

scholarly journals Introduction to forecasts for the "great CPC" - demand approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Marek Serafin ◽  
Ryszard Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Transit Traffic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effective Network ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Almost All

The creation of the „Polish Great Central Transportation Port” (CPK) is considered already justified despite the fact that no detailed traffic forecast for different scenarios of market development has been created and presented. They are to be prepared in the future. In our Report, we created traffic forecasts for the CPK based on the key market and business assumptions. The airport will focus on transit traffic carried by network carriers. The proper and attractive conditions to serve low cost and charter airlines will not be created. Almost the entire transit traffic from Polish regions will be transported by fast trains. In our versions of forecasts we show how big the differences are between the forecasts that would have to materialize so that the CPK Project may become a market and financial success and the forecasts that we consider realistic. The unique geographical location of the CPK is supposed to be its one of its key assets. We show that this assumption is very far from reality. As part of the CPK Project, an enormous investment in a fast train system which is necessary to transport passengers not only from the Warsaw agglomeration but from almost all Polish regions is very important and in our opinion is rather risky. Nowhere in the world does currently an intermodal aircraft – train traffic system exist of such size and importance. In addition, even very general financial calculations have not been made that would show that the railway part of the project could be profitable. We do not argue that in the future the building of a completely new airport would not be justified and even necessary to take over the current role of Chopin Airport. But first, an effective network of Chopin Airport and other airports - located mainly in Eastern and North-Eastern Poland and dedicated to low cost and charter airlines - should be developed and may be sufficient for many years to come. The plans for the new airport have to be based on realistic market assumptions and consideration must be given to different scenarios of the air transportation market development and of the general economic situation. This is necessary because, as learned from international experience, even if private capital is involved in financing of the investment, the private investors will not agree to take their part of the financial risks demanding hard guarantees from the Government for the volumes of the traffic to be served by the airport. Keywords: Polish Central Transportation Port; Market analysis; Transit traffic; Demand

scholarly journals Too Tight or Too Loose? The stringency of Mobility Restriction Policy Response by the Government of Sri Lanka against Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W.A.N.Y. Wijesekara ◽  
H.D.B. Herath ◽  
K.A.L.C. Kodithuwakku ◽  
B.A.M.P. Bulathsinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Community Mobility ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has demanded governments to respond through policy measures on health systems, restriction of community mobility, and economic recovery. Policy measures on mobility included international and local travel restrictions, closure of schools and workplaces, work from home, cancellation or restriction of public gatherings, close of public transport, and stay at home orders. Sri Lanka too has embraced several policy measures restricting community mobility to curtail the outbreak. This paper analyzes the trend of stringency of Covid-19 mobility restriction policy response by the Government of Sri Lanka concerning its epidemiological trend, and with the same patterns observed in selected countries of the world. The Government Response Stringency Index (GRSI), a composite indicator developed by the Oxford Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) group consisting of nine indicators based on publicly available data was used to track the stringency of policy measures related to mobility restrictions in Sri Lanka and the selected other countries. Besides, the daily number of Covid-19 cases in the same countries was analyzed. The results show that Sri Lanka was able to achieve 100% in the GRSI at the early stages of the outbreak, and most clusters it faced were curtailed under considerable high GRSI levels. GRSI values dropped to 26.85% just before the onset of the largest ever Minuwangoda Cluster, after which it was raised to 50%. Comparing GRSI values and epidemiological pattern of Sri Lanka with three purposefully selected blocks of countries showed that its stringency to be comparatively lower than most of the countries studied, as per the end of the study period. It could be seen that the current GRSI values about the policy measures adopted by the government of Sri Lanka are suboptimal, compared to the level of risk based on the case trend that the country is exposed to, as of 30th November 2020. These findings provide evidence towards the implementation of more stringent mobility control measures on an urgent basis, at least until the case number starts to fall.

scholarly journals Production Potential of Rubberwood in Malaysia: Its Economic Challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegatheswaran RATNASINGAM ◽  
Geetha RAMASAMY ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Jake KANER ◽  
Lu WENMING
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) has emerged as the most important source of wood raw material in Malaysia. Being a plantation crop, it is regarded as a green and environmental-friendly material that has found applications in almost all sectors of the wood industry. Despite its importance as a socio-economic sector, the future of the rubberwood industry in Malaysia is under scrutiny. The steadily declining rubber cultivation area in the country is raising alarms about the future supply of rubberwood. Although the government provides a replanting subsidy for smallholders, who make up the large proportion of the growers, there is an urgent need to enhance the profitability of rubber growing activities. Efforts to enhance the full recovery of wood biomass available and also expanding the use of rubberwood in high value applications must be pursued rigorously, to arrest the declining interests in rubber cultivation. Policy makers must ensure that rubber cultivation remains economical and the net value of rubberwood is further enhanced through application in non-traditional sectors.

Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Nackers
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
International Community ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

In spite of the adoption of the responsibility to protect (R2P) by the Sri Lankan government in 2005, both Sri Lankan and LTTE forces killed thousands of civilians during the conclusion of the civil war. In this chapter, it is shown that these atrocities occurred in large part due to existing international political dynamics, which were focused on the War on Terror, and a shortage of information on what was occurring in the conflict zone. This facilitated states in supporting the government, while diminishing criticism from others that may have been more supportive of the invocation of R2P. Yet following the conflict, with increased information on the crisis, subsequent initiatives taken by the international community have endeavoured to obtain accountability, justice, and to prevent such atrocities from occurring in the future. These initiatives have strengthened the UN’s ability to implement R2P; however, ongoing challenges remain.

scholarly journals Effective governance for management of invasive alien plants: evidence from the perspective of forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8343
Author(s):  
E.M.B.P. Ekanayake ◽  
Yi Xie ◽  
Abubakar Sadiq Ibrahim ◽  
N.T.P. Karunaratne ◽  
Shahzad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Professional Programs ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are a significant cause of socio-ecological change in Sri Lanka. Many studies have focused on the ecological dimensions of this problem, but few have addressed sociological factors such as the knowledge and perceptions of individuals and groups tasked with addressing IAPs. This study investigates how IAP issues are understood and perceived by professional forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka. The data analyzed were gathered using a questionnaire that covered three themes: the respondents’ ability to identify IAPs, the impacts of IAPs and the threats they pose, and knowledge regarding control and mitigation. The questionnaire was completed by 186 field officers, and the resulting descriptive statistics and a probit regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that almost all of the participating forest and wildlife officers were aware of the problems associated with IAPs but more than 75% of them lacked an accurate understanding of scientific means for controlling them and control policies established by the government of Sri Lanka. Generally, wildlife officers had a better understanding than forest officers. In addition, the analysis shows that officers’ knowledge and perceptions of IAPs were positively correlated with their level of education and position within the organization. The analysis points to several recommendations for Sri Lankan officials when designing and implementing comprehensive policies and professional programs, particularly for lower-level field officers.

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