The Eyes and Proprioception

The proprioceptive system has an extensive influence on the maintenance of human health. When the proprioceptive system is dysfunctional, the central nervous system does not recognize the correct status of tonicity of the muscles at rest or in movement, does not integrate correctly the information that comes from sensory receptors, and has difficulty in modulating multisensorial integration, with consequences in motor behavior and cognitive functions. This results in a wide range of proprioceptive abnormalities which are clinically related, are treated together, and are termed as Postural Deficiency Syndrome (PDS) or more recently Proprioceptive Dysfunction Syndrome. The author has personally observed more than 40,000 patients suffering from this condition during the last 40 years and devised an active prism therapeutic protocol that is based on the knowledge that small modifications of the muscular tonus of the oculomotor muscles can change the tonus of the axial paravertebral muscles. This paper describes PDS diagnosis and provides explanation of the updated active prism protocol aimed toward vision professionals.

Bone-brain crosstalk and potential associated diseases

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2016-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Audrey Rousseaud ◽

Stephanie Moriceau ◽

Mariana Ramos-Brossier ◽

Franck Oury

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Brain Development ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Intimate Relationship ◽

Whole Body ◽

Reciprocal Relationships ◽

Skeletal Homeostasis ◽

The Brain

AbstractReciprocal relationships between organs are essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An exciting interplay between two apparently unrelated organs, the bone and the brain, has emerged recently. Indeed, it is now well established that the brain is a powerful regulator of skeletal homeostasis via a complex network of numerous players and pathways. In turn, bone via a bone-derived molecule, osteocalcin, appears as an important factor influencing the central nervous system by regulating brain development and several cognitive functions. In this paper we will discuss this complex and intimate relationship, as well as several pathologic conditions that may reinforce their potential interdependence.

Distribution of the prion protein in sheep terminally affected with BSE following experimental oral transmission

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2319 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 82 (10) ◽

pp. 2319-2326 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

J. D. Foster ◽

D. W. Parnham ◽

N. Hunter ◽

M. Bruce

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Oral Route ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Oral Transmission ◽

Wide Range ◽

Direct Contrast ◽

This study has examined the distribution of PrPSc in sheep by immunocytochemistry of tissues recovered from terminally affected animals following their experimental infection by the oral route with BSE. Despite a wide range of incubation period lengths, affected sheep showed a similar distribution of high levels of PrPSc throughout the central nervous system. PrPSc was also found in the lymphoid system, including parts of the digestive tract, and some components of the peripheral nervous system. These abundant PrPSc deposits in sheep in regions outside the central nervous system are in direct contrast with cattle infected with BSE, which show barely detectable levels of PrPSc in peripheral tissues. A number of genetically susceptible, challenged animals appear to have survived.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12030465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Shoeb Ansari ◽

Eleonora Ficiarà ◽

Federico Ruffinatti ◽

Ilaria Stura ◽

Monica Argenziano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Close Link ◽

Wide Range ◽

Methods Of Synthesis ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest in biomedicine, due to their wide range of applications. During recent years, one of the most challenging goals is the development of new strategies to finely tune the unique properties of MNPs, in order to improve their effectiveness in the biomedical field. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the methods of synthesis and functionalization of MNPs focusing on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs). Firstly, synthesis strategies for fabricating IONPs of different composition, sizes, shapes, and structures are outlined. We describe the close link between physicochemical properties and magnetic characterization, essential to developing innovative and powerful magnetic-driven nanocarriers. In conclusion, we provide a complete background of IONPs functionalization, safety, and applications for the treatment of Central Nervous System disorders.

Drugs modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway – current use in therapy

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences ◽

10.1515/cipms-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Magdalena Polakowska ◽

Jolanta Orzelska-Gorka ◽

Sylwia Talarek

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Significant Role ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pharmacological Profiles

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a relatively novel messenger that plays a significant role in a wide range of physiological processes. Currently, it is known that, both, lack and excess of NO can cause diseases, thus a lot of substances have been discovered and utilized which can change the concentration of this molecule within the organism. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of currently used agents modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway, as well as to summarize current understanding of their pharmacological profiles. Nowadays, most of these agents are employed particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Further studies can hold promise for enhancing the therapeutic equipment for a variety of other impairments, such as osteoporosis, and also in treatments of the central nervous system.

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 3-(2-methyl-furan-3-yl)-4-substituted-Δ2-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thiones

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-007-0058-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Agata Siwek ◽

Monika Wujec ◽

Maria Dobosz ◽

Ewa Jagiełło-Wójtowicz ◽

Anna Chodkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Acid Hydrazide ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide ◽

Wide Range ◽

AbstractBy the reaction of 2-methyl-furan-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide with isothiocyanates, 1-[(2-methyl-furan-3-yl)carbonyl]-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides 1 were obtained. Further cyclization with 2% NaOH led to the formation of 3-(2-methyl-furan-3-yl)-4-substituted-Δ2-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thiones 2. The pharmacological effects of 2 on the central nervous system in mice were investigated. Strong antinociceptive properties of the investigated derivatives were observed in a wide range of doses.

The Effect of Melatonin Modulation of Non-coding RNAs on Central Nervous System Disorders: An Updated Review

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x18666200503024700 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 3-23

Author(s):

Jianan Lu ◽

Yujie Luo ◽

Shuhao Mei ◽

Yuanjian Fang ◽

Jianmin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Future Research ◽

Protective Function ◽

Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Wide Range ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Regulatory Effects

: Melatonin is a hormone produced in and secreted by the pineal gland. Besides its role in regulating circadian rhythms, melatonin has a wide range of protective functions in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The mechanisms underlying this protective function are associated with the regulatory effects of melatonin on related genes and proteins. In addition to messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) that can be translated into protein, an increasing number of non-coding RNAs in the human body are proven to participate in many diseases. This review discusses the current progress of research on the effects of melatonin modulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA, long ncRNA, and circular RNA. The role of melatonin in regulating common pathological mechanisms through these ncRNAs is also summarized. Furthermore, the ncRNAs, currently shown to be involved in melatonin signaling in CNS diseases, are discussed. The information compiled in this review will open new avenues for future research into melatonin mechanisms and provide a further understanding of ncRNAs in the CNS.

Diagnostics and Neuropsychological Correction of Children with Neurosis-Like Enuresis and Encopresis

Clinical Psychology and Special Education ◽

10.17759/cpse.2017060104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 48-62

Author(s):

D. Bereskin

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Temporal Organization ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Functional Indices

The experience of a work with a group of children with enuresis (six patients) and encopresis (one patient) both of residual-organic origin is analyzed in this article. Work included psychological diagnostic techniques and psychological correction. Psychological diagnostic evaluation was directed to the measurements of different characteristics of sensorimotor reactions, memory, attention and cognitive functions. Functional characteristics of the central nervous system in children with enuresis and encopresis were approximated to those recorded in their healthy peers, while the cognitive functions in present group of children were lower. Psychological correction has included neuropsychological methods, which were aimed at the development of: visual-motor coordination, spatio-temporal organization relations and logic constructions understanding. Based on children's and parent's self-reports and based on medical records also it can be assumed that proposed psychological correction can be effective in enuresis and encopresis in children with similar characteristics, which can be observed. The significance of the functional indices evaluation of the central nervous system by measuring various characteristics of sensorimotor reactions substantiate by results obtained.

Modern aspects of neuropathogenesis and neurological manifestations of COVID-19

INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.22141/2224-0713.17.2.2021.229887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 6-15

Author(s):

L.A. Dziak ◽

O.S. Tsurkalenko ◽

K.V. Chekha ◽

V.M. Suk

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Body ◽

Altered Level ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Brain

Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

Modern Physical Rehabilitation Technologies for Children with Perinatal Lesions of the Central Nervous System

Journal of restorative medicine and rehabilitation ◽

10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-4-57-64 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Maya A. Khan ◽

Maria S. Petrova ◽

Maria G. Degtyareva ◽

Natalya A. Mikitchenko ◽

Olga U. Smotrina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Physical Rehabilitation ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Psychomotor Development ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Rehabilitation Team ◽

Perinatal Pathology ◽

Wide Range ◽

The subject of this publication is the medical rehabilitation of children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. Currently, the main methodological principles of stage-by-stage medical rehabilitation of newborns, mainly children with the consequencesof perinatal damage to the nervous system, have been determined. Special attention should be paid to the issue of minimal use of medicines in children with perinatal pathology, in this regard, an importanttask is the development and scientific justification of new non-drug technologies of medical rehabilitation, especially in childrenunder 1 year. Medical rehabilitation sets itself the following tasks: stimulation of blood circulation in the brain tissues, improvement of muscle toneby affecting the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, activation of neuromuscular transmission processes andimprovement of psychomotor development of a child with perinatal pathology of the central nervous system. Medical rehabilitationof children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system begins at the earliest possible time and is carried out by specialists ofa multidisciplinary rehabilitation team based on an individual medical rehabilitation program. Aim. To study the results of research conducted by Russian and foreign authors on the issues of physical rehabilitation of children withperinatal damage to the central nervous system and to conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed technologies. Material and methods. The literature review for this article was conducted from the elibrary, PubMed, Cochrane Library databaseswith a search depth of 10 years. The selection of publications was carried out using keywords: non-drug technologies, perinatal damageto the central nervous system; perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, kinesotherapy, neurodevelopmental therapy, massage,thin finger training method, dry immersion, fitball gymnastics, V. Voit therapy; Bobat therapy. Conclusion. Currently, a wide range of non-drug technologies of medical rehabilitation of children with the consequences of perinataldamage to the central nervous system is used such as therapeutic gymnastics, massage, kinesiotherapy with a neuroreflex locomotionaccording to Vojta’s method, Bobath-therapy, massage, etc. The analysis of publications has shown that kinesotherapy and massagein in the complex of rehabilitation measures for children with perinatal lesions allows to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitationmeasures, reduce the severity of motor disorders, and can help reduce the frequency of formation of cerebral palsy.

Serum metallome in pregnant women and the relationship with congenital malformations of the central nervous system: a case-control study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2636-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jacopo Troisi ◽

Luigi Giugliano ◽

Laura Sarno ◽

Annamaria Landolfi ◽

Sean Richards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Congenital Malformations ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Congenital Defects ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Wide Range ◽

Abstract Background Congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of a wide range of birth defects of multifactorial origin. Methods Concentrations of 44 metals were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in serum of 111 mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy who carried a malformed fetus and compared them with serum concentrations of the same metals in 90 mothers with a normally developed fetus at the same week of pregnancy. Data are reported as means ± standard deviations. Results We found a direct relationship between congenital defects of the CNS and maternal serum concentration of aluminum: it was statistically higher in women carrying a fetus with this class of malformation, compared both to mothers carrying a fetus with another class of malformation (6.45 ± 15.15 μg/L Vs 1.44 ± 4.21 μg/L, p < 0.0006) and to Controls (i.e. mothers carrying a normally-developed fetus) (6.45 ± 15.15 μg/L Vs 0.11 ± 0.51 μg/L, p < 0.0006). Moreover, Aluminum abundances were below the limit of detection in the majority of control samples. Conclusion CAluminum may play a role in the onset of central nervous system malformations, although the exact Aluminum species and related specific type of malformation needs further elucidation.