scholarly journals Diagnostics and Neuropsychological Correction of Children with Neurosis-Like Enuresis and Encopresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
D. Bereskin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Functional Indices

The experience of a work with a group of children with enuresis (six patients) and encopresis (one patient) both of residual-organic origin is analyzed in this article. Work included psychological diagnostic techniques and psychological correction. Psychological diagnostic evaluation was directed to the measurements of different characteristics of sensorimotor reactions, memory, attention and cognitive functions. Functional characteristics of the central nervous system in children with enuresis and encopresis were approximated to those recorded in their healthy peers, while the cognitive functions in present group of children were lower. Psychological correction has included neuropsychological methods, which were aimed at the development of: visual-motor coordination, spatio-temporal organization relations and logic constructions understanding. Based on children's and parent's self-reports and based on medical records also it can be assumed that proposed psychological correction can be effective in enuresis and encopresis in children with similar characteristics, which can be observed. The significance of the functional indices evaluation of the central nervous system by measuring various characteristics of sensorimotor reactions substantiate by results obtained.

Bone-brain crosstalk and potential associated diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Rousseaud ◽  
Stephanie Moriceau ◽  
Mariana Ramos-Brossier ◽  
Franck Oury
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Skeletal Homeostasis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractReciprocal relationships between organs are essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An exciting interplay between two apparently unrelated organs, the bone and the brain, has emerged recently. Indeed, it is now well established that the brain is a powerful regulator of skeletal homeostasis via a complex network of numerous players and pathways. In turn, bone via a bone-derived molecule, osteocalcin, appears as an important factor influencing the central nervous system by regulating brain development and several cognitive functions. In this paper we will discuss this complex and intimate relationship, as well as several pathologic conditions that may reinforce their potential interdependence.

scholarly journals Allen Brain Atlas: an integrated spatio-temporal portal for exploring the central nervous system

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (D1) ◽  
pp. D996-D1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Sunkin ◽  
Lydia Ng ◽  
Chris Lau ◽  
Tim Dolbeare ◽  
Terri L. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Allen Brain Atlas ◽  
Allen Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Age-specific involutive characteristics of cognitive functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Simerzin VV ◽  
Fatenkov OV ◽  
Panisheva YaA ◽  
Galkina MA ◽  
Gagloev AV
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The review article reflects the specific features of involutive cognitive functions in elderly people. Furthermore the basis of these changes is the natural physiological process of morphofunctional remodeling of the human body in general and of the central nervous system in particular. As a result, the elderly and senium people have cognitive decline, and in the presence of provoking medical and social factors and comorbid diseases they may have transient cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Cerebral schistosomiasis in a patient travelling from São Tomé and Príncipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190055
Author(s):  
Rui Duarte Armindo ◽  
Sónia Costa ◽  
Vânia Almeida ◽  
Cândida Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Good Clinical Outcome ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Republic

Aiming to raise awareness for the possibility of schistosomal involvement of the central nervous system in travellers returning from endemic areas and/or immigrants to nonendemic areas, the authors report a case of neuroschistosomiasis in a Portuguese patient coming from the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe with good clinical outcome following praziquantel therapy. This is the first case of neuroschistosomiasis associated with São Tomé and Príncipe reported in literature and further studies are needed to confirm which species of this parasite are endemic of that region. We conclude that early diagnosis is key to reduce clinical severity and therefore validation of new diagnostic techniques and establishment of consensual treatment guidelines would be important.

scholarly journals Leptin participation in the processes of nervous impulse transmission and its influence on the formation of neuro-mental development of children

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
G. O. Momot ◽  
E. V. Krukovich ◽  
T. N. Surovenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Nervous Impulse ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Functional Features

Review of publications on the functional features of leptin in the central nervous system in children. The participation of leptin mechanisms in the transmission of nerve impulses, the effect of leptin on cognitive functions in children. The article reveals the general mechanisms of maturation of the central nervous system in children, the participation of leptin and leptin receptors in the formation of cognitive abilities in children. Possible interrelationships of impairments in cognitive development and lipid metabolism including obesity are revealed.

The Eyes and Proprioception

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-146
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Paravertebral Muscles ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The proprioceptive system has an extensive influence on the maintenance of human health. When the proprioceptive system is dysfunctional, the central nervous system does not recognize the correct status of tonicity of the muscles at rest or in movement, does not integrate correctly the information that comes from sensory receptors, and has difficulty in modulating multisensorial integration, with consequences in motor behavior and cognitive functions. This results in a wide range of proprioceptive abnormalities which are clinically related, are treated together, and are termed as Postural Deficiency Syndrome (PDS) or more recently Proprioceptive Dysfunction Syndrome. The author has personally observed more than 40,000 patients suffering from this condition during the last 40 years and devised an active prism therapeutic protocol that is based on the knowledge that small modifications of the muscular tonus of the oculomotor muscles can change the tonus of the axial paravertebral muscles. This paper describes PDS diagnosis and provides explanation of the updated active prism protocol aimed toward vision professionals.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined and General Anesthesia on Cognitive Functions for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Under CPB

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. E593-E597
Author(s):  
Greta Kasputytė ◽  
Rasa Bukauskienė ◽  
Edmundas Širvinskas ◽  
Tadas Lenkutis ◽  
Renata Vimantaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Combined Anesthesia ◽  
Function Assessment

Background: Patients may experience a variety of neurological complications after heart surgery. The most common complication observed in clinical practice is delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR). The role of the anesthesiologist is very important, as the risk of dNCR may be reduced, depending on the anesthesia tactic chosen. Although the possibility that neuropsychological complications are less common in patients undergoing combined anesthesia (general + epidural) than in patients undergoing general anesthesia is not yet confirmed, the results are being discussed. The aim of this study was to determine impact of combined anesthesia (general + epidural) on cognitive functions of patients after cardiac surgery. Methods: The prospective, case-controlled study included 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery from 2015 to 2017 at the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos. After approval from the local bioethics center, informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Inclusion criteria were age 51 to 80 years, elective cardiac surgery, left ventricular ejection fraction > 35%, anamnesis of not using agents affecting the central nervous system, absence of neuropathology, and sufficient renal function. Exclusion criteria were patients suffering from diseases causing cognitive function or using agents affecting the central nervous system, emergency or re-surgery, carotid artery atherosclerosis with artery diameter 50 or more percent reduction, and a patient’s disagreement. MMSE test and 6-CIT test were used for a cognitive function assessment, Trail making test and WAIS Digital Symbol Substitution test were used for psychomotor function assessment. All tests were used a day before surgery and seven days after surgery. According to the planned anesthesia, patients were assigned into two groups: 1 – combined general + epidural anesthesia and 2 – general anesthesia. Standardized protocol of anesthesia was followed for all patients. Preoperative patients and surgery factors, preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological test results were recorded. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. Both groups did not differ in demographic, perioperative values, and baseline (preoperative) test results. Postoperative (7th day) WAIS (P = .042) and 6-item cognitive impairment (P = .016) test results were statistically different when comparing the GA and CA groups. Comparing preoperative and postoperative test results, there was a significant decline in the WAIS test score in the GA group (P = .013).

scholarly journals Psychophysiological characteristics of the features of the establishment of cognitive functions in senior pupils

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Nina P. Setko ◽  
Olesya M. Zhdanova ◽  
Andrey G. Setko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Education ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction. The harmonious development of cognitive processes is a prerequisite for students’ successful mastering of the educational program. The aim of the study is to give a psychophysiological characteristic of the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive functions in senior students. Materials and methods. The study of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by the process of variational chronoreflexometry was carried out in 300 senior pupils of the traditional general education school; the assessment of cognitive abilities and intellectual level development was evaluated by using computer tests. Results. Pupils of the 9th and 11th grades were shown to have no significant differences in the CNS functional indices. In contrast, the CNS functional level was 1.6-1.7 times lower than the physiological norm. The nervous reaction’s stability was 1.3 -1.4 times, the level of functionality of the formed functional system was 1.3 times. The decrease in the level of CNS functioning of the studied adolescents was due to the consumption of reserve functional capabilities of the central nervous system and the body as a whole for the formation of cognitive functions, as evidenced by the development of verbal and non-verbal thinking in students from the 9th to the 11th grade, high speed of thinking processes, voluntary attention and its stability. It was proved that the development of thinking contributed to the formation of voluntary attention, an increase in its stability, and the degree of concentration, confirmed by the established correlation of moderate strength between the accuracy index and the level of formation of various types of thinking (r = 0,4). Conclusion. The established features of students’ intellectual development during a three-year study can be taken into account when organizing the educational process in traditional educational institutions to increase the level of cognitive development and academic performance of students.

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