scholarly journals ENERGY AND VIITALITY IN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
O.O. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Age And Sex

Depressive disorders are one of the most clinically and socially challenging diseases resulting from diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and significant socio-psychological maladaptation. Therefore, investigating the characteristics of energy and vitality in patients with depressive disorders, taking into account age and sex can contribute to comprehensive understanding of the etiopathogenetic and pathopsychological mechanisms of depressive disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the peculiarities of vitality and its components in patients with depressive disorders considering their age and sex. The study involved 107 men and 138 women with depressive disorders, who underwent clinical and psychological examination and were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their live energy and health components of vitality. The findings obtained demonstrated the low level of vitality in patients with depression. In men, the level of social engagement was 22.2±5.9 scores in the age group up to 30 years; 19.0±6.8 scores in the age group of 30-44 year participants, and 11.6±10.0 scores in the age group of 45 year old and over; while in the control groups this value was 20.9±4.4 scores, 19.5±5.9 scores and 13.2±9.2 scores respectively. The assumption of risk was in the test groups was scored 9.9±3.4, 8.7±3.2, and 5.6±4.3 respectively; vitality rate made up 53.1±11.7 scores, 47.2±13.4 scores and 30.4 ± 22.7 scores respectively. The women demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) higher rates of social engagement: 25.6±7.5 scores, 22.4±7.2 scores, and 14.7±6.6 points, respectively vs. 23.5±5.0 scores, 22.1±6.0 scores, and 17.9±4.7 scores in the controls, respectively; the assumption of risk equalled 10.7±3.1 scores, 9.9±4.0 scores, and 7.8±3.6 scores respectively. The vitality was scored 59.8±13.3, 54.3±15.2, and 40.5±13.2 respectively. There has been found a tendency towards the decrease in the indicators of vitality, both its integral and individual components, with age, and this is more pronounced in the age group of 45 years and over. Significant (p<0.01) inverse correlations have been found between the severity of depression and the social life engagement (rS=0.683), control (rS=0.668), assumption of risks (rS=0.599) and vitality (rS=0.695); between the reactive anxiety and the social engagement (rS=0.608), control (rS=0.567), assumption of risks (rS=0.520) and vitality (rS=0.651); and between personal anxiety and social engagement (rS=0.336), control (rS=0.295), assumption of risks (rS=0.208) and vitality (rS=0.339). Conclusions. Depressive disorders are accompanied by a significant decrease in the energy and vitality of the patients that impacts both the overall vitality and its components: social engagement, control, and assumption of risks. The level of vitality goes down with the age of the individuals, and is more pronounced in the aged group (45 years and over). The men demonstrate significantly lower levels of social engagement, control, and vitality in all age groups compared to the women, and a lower level of the assumption of risks in the age group 45 years and over. There have been found out moderate inverse correlations between vitality, social engagement, control, and the assumption of risk and the severity of depressive symptoms, reactive anxiety, and weak inverse correlations with personal anxiety.

Correlations between the clinical forms of alcoholism and début age

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
A. Tiugan ◽  
C. Tiugan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Examination

IntroductionThe mal-adaptative use of alcohol represents independent psychiatric pathology, but the social and professional disability and the co-morbidity with other psycho-pathologic disorders gains the value of a phenomenon.ObjectivesThe research was done clinically and catamnestic, both analytically and retrospectively over a period of 12 years on a group of patients with mal-adaptative consumption of alcohol, making the correlation between the clinical forms and the age of its debut.Matherial and MethodThe group included 644 patients with diagnosis of alcohol induced disorders..The information obtained from the observation sheets (anamnesis, psychiatric interview and psychological examination) were statistically processed depending on the debut age, age groups and clinical forms.ResultsThere is a vulnerability of early debut for alcohol consumption, with the development of secondary symptomatology predominantly in the age interval 35–40 years old (29,97%).The early debut of alcohol consumption (16–25 years) was correlated with acute intoxication 11,49%, withdrawal syndrome 31,68%, anxiety disorders 28,26% and psychotic disorder 18,57%.Clinical boards in over 45 years old patients were characterized by alcohol induced depressive disorders 72%, personality disorders 11,80%, cognitive disorders 16,2%, alcohol use being released by psycho-stressing factor (76%)In advanced ages, the use of alcohol was correlated with depressive and behavioural disorders (68%).ConclusionsThe patients with early debut of alcohol consumption developed psycho-pathologic disorders secondary to it, before 30 years old.The consumption debut at young ages is correlated with the severe addiction type and the behavioural model, and in advanced ages with depressive disorders.

The role of public libraries in the development of social capital in local communities – a theoretical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
Maja Dorota Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

PurposeSocial capital, understood as intangible community values available through a network of connections, is a factor in the development of societies and improving quality of life. It helps to remove economic inequalities and prevent poverty and social exclusion, stimulate social and regional development, civic attitudes and social engagement and build a civic society as well as local and regional identity. Many of these tasks may be implemented by libraries, which, apart from providing access to information, may also offer a number of services associated with social needs. The purpose of this paper is to present the roles and functions that libraries may serve in local communities in terms of assistance, integration and development based on classical social capital theories.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the classical concepts of social capital in the context of libraries. It analyses the findings of Pierre-Félix Bourdieu, James Coleman, Francis Fukuyama, Robert Putnam, Nan Lin, Ronald Stuart Burt, Wayne Baker and Alejandro Portes. Based on their respective concepts, the paper analyses the role of the contemporary library in the social life of local communities. In particular, it focuses on the possible new functions that public libraries may serve.FindingsA critical review of the concept of social capital revealed certain dependencies between libraries and their neighbourhoods. With new services that respond to the actual social needs, libraries may serve as a keystone, namely they may integrate, animate and engage local communities. This, however, requires a certain approach to be adopted by the personnel and governing authorities as well as infrastructure and tangible resources.Originality/valueThe social engagement of libraries is usually described from the practical perspective (reports on the services provided) or in the context of research on the impact of respective projects on specific groups of users (research reports). A broader approach, based on original social theories, is rarely encountered. The paper draws on classical concepts of social capital and is a contribution to the discussion on possible uses of those concepts based on an analysis of the role of libraries in social life and in strengthening the social capital of local communities.

scholarly journals Check This One out: Analyzing Slang Usage among Iranian Male and Female Teenagers

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hashemi Shahraki ◽  
Abbass Eslami Rasekh
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Female Teenagers ◽  
Age And Sex

Slang usage in modern age Iran is a popular phenomenon among most male and female teenagers. How pervasive this variation of language use is among various age and sex groups in Iran has been a question of debate given the significance of religion in a theological system of social structure. The work presented in this study aims to investigate the effect of age and sex on variability of slang usage. Sixty Iranian participants were selected, and then were divided into three age groups (i.e. primary school, high school, and senior university students) each group consisting of ten males and ten females. A self-made questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Test (DCT) describing nine situations of friendly conversations was given to the participants. They were asked to make their choice on the responses, which ranged from formal to very informal style (common teenage slang expressions), or to write down what they wish to say under each circumstance. The results of the chi–square tests indicated that slang usage among high school students is more frequent as compared with other age groups. Unlike the popular belief suggesting that slang is used by boys rather than girls, the findings suggested that young Iranians both male and female use slang as a badge of identity showing their attachment to the social group they wish to be identified with.

scholarly journals Agency and communion attributes in adults’ spontaneous self-representations

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Stephanie K. Owen ◽  
Lise M. Youngblade
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Agency And Communion ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Group Self ◽  
Age And Sex

This study investigated agency and communion attributes in adults’ spontaneous self-representations. The study sample consisted of 158 adults (80 men, 78 women) ranging in age from 20 to 88 years. Consistent with theorising, significant age and sex differences were found in terms of the number of agency and communion attributes. Young and middle-aged adults included significantly more agency attributes in their self-representations than older adults; men listed significantly more agency attributes than women. In contrast, older adults included significantly more communion attributes in their self-representations than young adults, and women listed significantly more communion attributes than men. Significant Age Group × Self-Portrait Display and Sex × Self-Portrait Display interactions were found for communion attributes, indicating that the importance of communion attributes differed across age groups and by sex. Correlational analyses showed significant associations of agency and communion attributes with personality traits and defence mechanisms. Communion attributes also showed significant correlations with four dimensions of psychological well-being.

scholarly journals METACOMMUNICATIVE PRAGMATIC MARKERS: GENDER ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women's Speech ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
Female Speech ◽  
Gender Aspect

The article deals with the use of metacommunicative pragmatic markers in the gender aspect, taking into account the social roles of the speaker. The research is carried out based on the data of the ORD corpus of Russian Everyday Speech, known as ‘One Speaker’s Day’, which contains transcripts of audio recordings obtained under natural conditions. The subsample includes about 200 thousand words. It features episodes of ‘speaker’s days’ of 15 women and 15 men belonging to three age groups. The informants act in various social roles, opposed by the principle of symmetry/asymmetry. Pragmatic annotation of the material and further discursive analysis have demonstrated that metacommunication is actively used in the speech of the informants, but it is much more common for the women’s speech. The men use markers of this type with specific speech tasks, for example, for a refusal (slushay / u menya net deneg <look / I have no money>); in the women’s speech, the variability of metacommunicative markers is wider but there is no functional diversity. This confirms the observations of linguists, obtained from the material of various languages, that women tend to cooperate and maintain dialogue to a greater extent than men. From the perspective of feminist linguistics, this feature of female speech is directly related to the issues of the women’s dependent position since it reflects their passivity and the habit of yielding. However, more than half of the detected uses belong to the speech of women of the older age group (from 55 years old) who communicate with relatives and friends, while in the younger age group the metacommunicative pragmatic markers become multifunctional and also act in speech as a start marker.

scholarly journals Factors of Influence on the State of Happiness in the Contemporary Russian Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail F. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Factors Of Influence

The article analyzes the level of happiness on the basis of the data provided by the RLMS study. Happiness is viewed as a subjective state of mind influenced by the social situation in which an individual finds him or herself. The level of happiness turns out to be dependent on sex and age. The latter is especially salient: young people feel happy more often than respondents in more advanced age groups. Standards of living and employment are also marked as variable that have considerable impact on the level of happiness. It appears that income influences happiness indirectly through the parameters of social environment and norms that characterize it. A respondent feels somewhat happier if his or her level of material well-bing is higher than the average. The level of respect shown by other people towards the respondent is another factor that can impact the level of happiness. The feeling of loneliness is a variable with considerable influence on other parameters of social life: the lonelier is the person, the more likely he or she would feel unhappy. The study demonstrated that the level of happiness, against expectations, depends primarily on the quality of social milieu.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brückner
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Best Sellers

Having addressed maps as media platforms that were at once personas and avatars, best sellers and spectacles, this book recovered the social life of maps at the intersection of generic diversity and social engagement. Examining the discrete biographical stages in a map’s life, its chapters retrieved the labor and rituals with which the materiality of ordinary maps fostered a national culture of map intimacy. The Epilogue surveys the thickly folded patterns of mediation in which map content and cartographic signification emerged as a form of cartoral art, informing paintings as well as literature. National maps, collectible cartifacts, and a cartocoded education turned everyday map encounters into everyday metaphors that Americans came to live by.

Sex- and age-related differences in bilirubin concentrations in serum.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rosenthal ◽  
M Pincus ◽  
D Fink
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract The relation between age and sex and the concentration of bilirubin in serum was evaluated in 6740 men and 11 215 women, ages 13 to 96 years. Mean serum bilirubin concentrations in the men significantly exceeded values in the women over all age groups examined. Further, mean serum bilirubin concentrations were greatest both in males and females in the 19-24 years age group and then declined to former values, which persisted throughout life. Pearson correlation coefficients for bilirubin with liver function indices (albumin and total protein) and with hemoglobin were low in all ages and in both sexes, suggesting that bilirubin concentrations do not correlate with those liver functions not directly concerned with bile pigment processing.

Age and Sex: Factors in Defining the Term “Handicap”

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Coet ◽  
Larry W. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sex Factors ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Age And Sex

A random sample of 67 males and 74 females was divided into three age groups: 12 to 25, 26 to 45, and 46 to 82 yr. old. Subjects were given a questionnaire asking them to rank five groups or classes of people they felt should be labeled “handicapped.” An analysis of variance indicated that over-all, definitions of the term “handicap” differed significantly according to age and sex. Males emphasized “social” and “intellectual” conditions, while females stressed the more visible (unattractive) conditions. The youngest age group listed “race,” “speech,” and “socio-economic” conditions more frequently, while the middle-aged group was more concerned with “physical incapacitation,” “blindness,” and “heart disease.” The oldest age group stressed “mental illness” and “mental retardation” most frequently.

scholarly journals Provincial trends in Legionnaires’ disease are not explained by population structure in Denmark, 2015 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie Cassell ◽  
Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽  
Charlotte Kjelsø ◽  
Søren Uldum
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Background Legionnaires’ disease (LD) incidence has been increasing in several European countries since 2011. Currently, Denmark is experiencing one of the highest annual incidences of LD despite its relatively cold climate and homogenous population, and the incidence differs notably across the country. Aim We sought to determine whether provincial differences in LD incidence are attributable to the age and sex distribution of the population, and to characterise the risk of LD by province and age group in Denmark. Methods Using national routine surveillance data for domestic LD cases collected between 2015 and 2018, we assessed the incidence of disease by province and year. Poisson regression models were fit to understand the risk of LD by year and province, as well as by 5-year age groups. Results Incidence of domestic LD increased 48% between 2015 and 2018 across Denmark. Some provinces continuously had a high incidence of disease, even after adjusting for yearly trends and the underlying population distribution. Variations in the proportion of the population aged 65 years and older were not responsible for the increase in disease in our analysis. Finally, incidence of disease increased with each 5-year age group in both men and women. Conclusions The relative differences in incidence between Danish provinces could not be explained by the age and sex distribution of the population, indicating that other factors must be responsible for the varying incidence across the country. These results may help inform trends in other countries in Europe also experiencing an unexplained high incidence of LD.

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