Macrophage Iron, Hepcidin, and Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability

2007 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1014-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome l. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Depletion

Hepcidin has emerged as the key hormone in the regulation of iron balance and recycling. Elevated levels increase iron in macrophages and inhibit gastrointestinal iron uptake. The physiology of hepcidin suggests an additional mechanism by which iron depletion could protect against atherosclerotic lesion progression. Without hepcidin, macrophages retain less iron. Very low hepcidin levels occur in iron deficiency anemia and also in homozygous hemochromatosis. There is defective retention of iron in macrophages in hemochromatosis and also evidently no increase in atherosclerosis in this disorder. In normal subjects with intact hepcidin responses, atherosclerotic plaque has been reported to have roughly an order of magnitude higher iron concentration than that in healthy arterial wall. Hepcidin may promote plaque destabilization by preventing iron mobilization from macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions; the absence of this mobilization may result in increased cellular iron loads, lipid peroxidation, and progression to foam cells. Marked downregulation of hepcidin (e.g., by induction of iron deficiency anemia) could accelerate iron loss from intralesional macrophages. It is proposed that the minimally proatherogenic level of hepcidin is near the low levels associated with iron deficiency anemia or homozygous hemochromatosis. Induced iron deficiency anemia intensely mobilizes macrophage iron throughout the body to support erythropoiesis. Macrophage iron in the interior of atherosclerotic plaques is not exempt from this process. Decreases in both intralesional iron and lesion size by systemic iron reduction have been shown in animal studies. It remains to be confirmed in humans that a period of systemic iron depletion can decrease lesion size and increase lesion stability as demonstrated in animal studies. The proposed effects of hepcidin and iron in plaque progression offer an explanation of the paradox of no increase in atherosclerosis in patients with hemochromatosis despite a key role of iron in atherogenesis in normal subjects.

scholarly journals SALIVA IRON AND FERRITIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duran Canatan ◽  
Sevgi Kosaci Akdeniz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Positive Correlation

Most of the  techniques for measuring iron accumulation such as serum iron concentration, iron binding capacity, serum ferritin level, liver biopsy are invasive and hard methods for patients. The changes in trace element concentrations in saliva at different systemic diseases shows the quantity of the element at the body. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of iron and ferritin in saliva and serum in patients  with thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia. For this purpose, 35 healthy children as control group and 71 thalassemia major, 10 thalassemia intermedia and 15 thalassemia trait patients were involved. Their saliva  and serum iron and ferritin levels were measured.  There was no statistically difference between age and gender in all groups and control group (p>0.05).  In all groups saliva iron levels are higher than serum iron levels(p<0.05). Furthermore there was a positive correlation betwen serum and saliva  iron levels in thalassemia major, intermedia and trait groups ( p=0.000, r=0.972, r=0.720, r=0.955) and also there was a positive correlation between serum and saliva iron levels in control and iron deficiency group (p= 0.000, r= 0.885, r= 0.368).  In conclusion,  Saliva iron and ferritin levels increase  as well as serum in patients with thalassemia and decrease in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Saliva can be used for diagnosis routinely  to shows the iron overload  and deficiency of the body and its easy applicability and also a non-invasive procedure is important advantage.

scholarly journals Iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors among preschool children in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Luciana Neri NOBRE ◽  
Angelina do Carmo LESSA ◽  
Hilda Christiane de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Joel Alves LAMOUNIER ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo Castro FRANCISCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Depletion ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective: Study the prevalence of iron depletion and iron-deficiency anemia and their associated factors in preschool children. Methods: Cross-sectional study with five-year old preschool children from a birth cohort of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Socioeconomic, demographic, and dietary characteristics were obtained through a questionnaire administered to each child mother or guardian. Iron depletion (normal hemoglobin and low serum ferritin levels) and iron-deficiency anemia (hemoglobin level than 11g/dL) were detected after collecting 5mL of venous blood of preschool children. Poisson regression was used to identify the factors associated with iron depletion and iron-deficiency anemia. Results: A total of 228 preschool were evaluated, corresponding to 97.4% of the children from a cohort study followed-up up to the end of their first year of life. Iron depletion and iron-deficiency anemia were detected, respectively, in 15.9% and 18.9% of the preschool children evaluated. Iron depletion was not associated with any variable studied, while low maternal education level was associated with iron-deficiency anemia (PR=1.83; P=0.03). Conclusion: Iron-deficiency anemia is considered as a mild public health problem among 5-year old children in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Higher maternal education level was a protective factor against this deficiency, and therefore it is as an important marker for the occurrence of iron-deficiency anemia in the population studied.

scholarly journals Kandidias Oral pada Penderita Anemia Defisiensi Besi (Fe) dan Penetalaksanaannya

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sri Budiarti Wongsohardjono
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Normal Limits

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a microcytic anemia caused by chronic blood loss dueto such problems as excessive menstrual flow, gastrointestinal bleeding, gasterektomi or malabsorption that reduces the absorption of Fe. Predisposing factors that lead to the disruption of the ecology of oral candidiasis or oral microbiological changes can be due to malnutrition (iron deficiency, folic acid, vitamin B12) and the very old age. Objective: To report a case of iron deficiency anemia with oral candidiasis and its management. Case Report: A 69-year man in the reference by peer demonstrated swollen gums, mouth pain and difficulty in swallowing. A moth ago he was hospitalized and boarded for a week but no change, his body weight loss was 25kg. paleconjunctiva and face, droliing, looked weak. The body temperature was 370 C; the BP measurement was: 125/80mmHg; with body weight was 50kg; right and left submandibular  lymph nodes become enlarging and soreness palpatiom. Symmetrical face. Right and left lip corners are angular kheilitis, cheek mucosa, palate hyperemia, gingival stipling was disappeared, hyperemia, dorsal surface smooth tongue, hyperemia, depapilasi, OHI: bad; thick saliva, hypersalivation. A lot of dental caries and the remaining roots. Management: Examination of the saliva with KOH solution looked a hyphe. Routine blood tests and profile of fe all within normal limits except RBC was 3,37.106 / uL; HGB: 11.0 g / dl; HCT: 32.2%, Fe 29.00 u g / dl (below normal). Treatment with 3% perhidrol mouthwash, Nyistatin solution 3 x daily. Zegase tablet 2x daily. Paracetamol tablets if necessary. Conclusion sixteen days later the patient recovered.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Н.А. САДИЕВА ◽  
А.Э. МАМЕДОВА
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Treatment Protocols

В публикации авторы представили теоретический обзор распространения анемии у детей во всем мире, в том числе и в Азербайджане, роли железа в организме, причинах возникновения железодефицитной анемии и его классификации, особенностях проведения ферротерапии у детей, классификации железосодержащих средств применяемых в Азербайджане, протоколах лечения ЖДА у детей во всем мире, в том числе и в Азербайджане. In the publication the authors presented a theoretical review of the spread of anemia in children worldwide, including Azerbaijan, the role of iron in the body, the causes of iron deficiency anemia and its classification, the peculiarities of ferrotherapy in children, the classification of iron-containing agents used in Azerbaijan, the treatment protocols for iron deficiency in children worldwide, including in Azerbaijan.

Correct Assessment of Iron Depletion and Iron Deficiency Anemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R Naghii ◽  
Fouladi Abbasali Imam
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Depletion

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Metabolism in Hookworm-Infected Patients

Blood ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL LAYRISSE ◽  
NORMA BLUMENFELD ◽  
IRIS DUGARTE ◽  
MARCEL ROCHE
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Folic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

Abstract Studies on the metabolism of B12 and folic acid were performed in patients with heavy hookworm infection and severe iron deficiency anemia, and in patients with light infection, noninfected patients and normal subjects. Patients with heavy hookworm infection showed a marked decrease of the serum B12 as compared with normal subjects. Eight of 21 cases studied showed values of serum B12 below 100 µµg./ml. Twelve of 13 patients with severe hookworm infection showed impairment of the pteroylglutamic acid intestinal absorption; however, none of them exhibited megaloblastic proliferation in the bone marrow. They all recovered with iron therapy alone. The patients with light infection and the noninfected patients with iron deficiency anemia did not demonstrate significant differences from the normal subjects studied.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Cancer Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Mark Janis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Iv Iron ◽  
Absolute Iron Deficiency

Anemia is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 40 % of cancer patients, and results in a significant decrease in health-related quality of life while also being associated with shorter cancer survival times. A recent survey of 15,000 cancer patients in Europe found that 39 % were anemic at the time of enrolment. In addition, anemia is a recognized complication of myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and it has been estimated that, in the US, around 1.3 million cancer patients who are not anemic at the time of diagnosis will develop anemia during the course of their disease. The etiology of anemia in cancer patients is variable and often multifactorial, and may be the result of an absolute or a functional iron deficiency. Cancer produces an enhanced inflammatory state within the body—causing hepcidin levels to increase and erythropoietin production to decrease—and results in a reduction in erythropoiesis due to impaired iron transport. This type of anemia is known as functional iron deficiency, where the body has adequate iron stores but there are problems with mobilization and transport of the iron. Absolute iron deficiency is when both iron stores and iron transport are low. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines for cancer-related anemia recommend intravenous (IV) iron products alone for iron repletion in cancer patients with absolute iron deficiency, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in combination with IV iron in cancer patients (currently undergoing palliative chemotherapy) with functional iron deficiency. Although IV iron has been demonstrated to enhance the hematopoietic response to ESA therapy, the use of supplemental iron has not yet been optimized in oncology. Here we discuss the significance of iron deficiency anemia in cancer patients and the need to implement tools to properly diagnose this condition, and we provide an overview of the management strategies and recommendations for patients with iron deficiency anemia as outlined in the NCCN guidelines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Concentration of Five Nigerian Shrubs for their Prospective use in the Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Obika Ogochukwu Immaculate ◽  
Ochekwu Edache Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Medicinal herbs are commonly being used in the treatment of anemia traditionally and Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis & Saroja, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Manihot esculenta Crantz, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau, Solanum macrocarpon L. are local shrubs mostly employed. This study aims to analyze the prospective use of some local shrubs in the therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia. The proximate composition analysis and the iron content in leaves of the shrubs were determined following the methods of the association of official analytical chemists (A.O.A.C). The results obtained for iron concentration show Jatropha tanjorensis 3.11g/kg, Vernonia amygdalina 1.64g/kg, Manihot esculenta 0.57g/kg, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys 1.23g/kg, and Solanum macrocarpon 2.75g/kg. The range of proximate composition as; protein had Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 3.97% and Vernonia amygdalina as the highest value 50.64%, fat & oil content showed Jatropha tanjorensis with the highest value 1.04% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys having the lowest value 29.77%, Fiber content showed Vernonia amygdalina has the highest value 1.81% and Solanum macrocarpon has the lowest 12.08%, the carbohydrate content showed Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 2.39% and Manihot esculenta as the highest value 21.02%, and the moisture content showed Manihot esculenta has the lowest value 9.98% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys has the highest value 83.25%. All five plants have great potential for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Pregnant Females Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Junaid ◽  
Iqra Masood ◽  
Ms Khansa ◽  
Shahnai Basharat ◽  
Morad Yaser Al Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Iron deficiency anemia refers to the anemia caused by insufficient iron stores within the body. The main cause of anemia in obstetrics is iron deficiency, which has a worldwide prevalence estimated between 20%–80% and constitutes mainly female population.  Objective: To find out the determinants of iron deficiency anemia amongst pregnant women visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. A sample of 245 pregnant female patients was selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected with the pre-tested questionnaires. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Amongst social determinants, socioeconomic status had a signifcant effect on iron defciency anemia; as 82% women belonged to low socioeconomic status. Among dietary determinants, less consumption of red meat was a major factor affecting IDA as 95% women were not consuming red meat more than two times a day thus contributing to overall iron defciency. Amongst clinical factors, lack of thorough clinical checkup before conception was a major factor as 79% women did not have regular clinical checkup before pregnancy. Conclusions: Major determinants linked with IDA were dietary habits and practices such as preferring vegetables over meat, less overall consumption of red meat and excessive consumption of tea and coffee. Other determinants affecting IDA include low socioeconomic status, little or no gap between pregnancies and lack of knowledge and education concerning dietary practices during pregnancy.   

scholarly journals Radioactive Iron Studies in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia with Concurrent Abnormal Hemolysis

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. VERLOOP ◽  
M. VAN DER WOLK ◽  
A. J. HEIER
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Insufficient Response ◽  
Cell Breakdown

Abstract A report is presented on two women suffering from severe iron deficiency anemia, concomitant with abnormal hemolysis. The life span of the patients’ red cells was shortened; transfused normal red cells were more rapidly broken down. Extracorpuscular factors seem to be responsible for the pathologic hemolysis. There was no pathologic sequestration of red cells labeled with Cr51 in the spleen. After incorporation of radioactive iron into the red cells, the utilization percentage of Fe59 under iron therapy fell to about 15 per cent within a few weeks. This, too, indicates that the pathologic hemolysis was to be ascribed to extracorpuscular factors. The Fe59 was apparently not sufficiently reutilized. The constantly decreased serum iron concentration might also indicate a disturbance in the reutilization of iron liberated during red cell breakdown. Six other patients with less severe iron deficiency anemia and an insufficient response to iron therapy were examined in addition. In 5 of these patients, the life span of red cells labeled with radioactive chromium was found shorter than normal. An insufficient response to iron therapy in patients with chronic iron deficiency anemia may be ascribable, in some instances, to concomitant pathologic hemolysis.

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