scholarly journals Behavior and control of Pyricularia oryzae in brown rice seed as inoculum source of rice seedling blast.

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HAYASAKA ◽  
T. MATSUURA ◽  
T. NAMAI
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Seedling Blast ◽  
And Control

Development of Three Row Self-Propelled Zero till Direct Seeded Rice Planter Cum Fertilizer Applicator

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Rashmi Anil Bangale
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Depth Control ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Field Efficiency

The agricultural operational holding in India is about 1.15 ha and 85.01 per cent belongs to marginal holdings (below 2 ha). This data shows an economic condition of the Indian farmer, which doesn’t allow him to adopt advanced agricultural machineries. Considering the situation of Indian farmer, we developed a prototype of three row self-propelled zero till direct seeded rice planter cum fertilizer applicator. This machine helps to plant a dry rice seed along with the fertilizer application with zero tillage condition. The machine includes inclined plate metering mechanism for seed; cup feed metering mechanism for fertilizer, seed cum fertilizer hopper, ground wheel, depth control wheels, inverted T furrow openers, 5 hp engine as a prime mover, power transmission system, adjustable handle, lever and rigid main frame to support all the parts and drive wheels. Machine is divided into two parts viz., prime mover part and planter cum fertilizer applicator part. Both parts can be separated from each other. The machine places the rice seed up to average depth of 25-40 mm and spacing between hills is observed to be 130-160 mm along with an average 20 cm of row spacing. The average field capacity at an average speed of 2.3 km.h-1 is observed to be 0.115 ha.h-1 for operating rice seeds. The field efficiency is observed to be 86.9 per cent. The operational cost is observed to be around 69.28 per cent less than the manual planting of rice seedling and also the man hour’s requirement is very less than the manual planting.

Ecology and control of rice planthoppers in Fiji

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alden D. Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Rice Planthoppers ◽  
Controlled Flooding ◽  
Predatory Mirid ◽  
And Control

Observations were made in Fiji on the ecology and control of two Delphacid planthoppers on rice, Sogatella furcifera (Horv.) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the latter species having apparently been responsible for a devastating outbreak in 1959. The studies covered three rice seasons, 1961, 1962, and 1963, most of the research being done at Koronivia in the south-eastern part of Viti Levu. Samples were taken of planthoppers and their natural enemies in dryland (drilled) and wetland (transplanted) rice, as well as in rice seed-beds and areas with grass or mixed rice and grass. Insecticides applied at standard dosages were tested against the planthoppers.It was shown that S. furcifera was most common on young rice and that N. lugens predominated on older rice. Sogatella kolophon (Kirk.), long placed in the genus Sogata and confused with Sogatella furcifera, was abundant only in grassy areas. Populations of N. lugens and, to a lesser extent, of S. furcifera, were apt to reach damaging levels on transplanted rice growing in pools of standing water after a dry period. In drilled fields, the predatory Mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis vitiensis Usinger provided effective control by destroying eggs of N. lugens, and, by the time the rice was six months old, it usually outnumbered the females of N. lugens. Parasitism of planthopper eggs by Mymarids, Trichogrammatids, and Eulophids was very low. Parasitism of adults of S. furcifera and S. kolophon by Elenchid Strepsipterons averaged about ten per cent, and that by Dryinid wasps less than one per cent. Adults of N. lugens were virtually free from parasitism but were sometimes infected by fungi. Factors influencing outbreaks are discussed. These include the amount of rainfall, the type of cultivation, the age of the rice crop, the species composition of the planthopper populations, and the relative abundance of Cyrtorhinus.Insecticidal concentrates tested against both S. furcifera and N. lugens included malathion 50 per cent, emulsifiable concentrate, diazinon 20 per cent, e.c., Bogor 30 per cent, e.c., DDT 20 per cent, e.c., dieldrin 15 per cent, e.c., and Sevin 80 per cent, wettable powder. Dieldrin-resistant strains of N. lugens appeared during 1961, the third season in which dieldrin and BHC had been widely used. The other five materials gave good results, DDT being the least expensive and the most persistent, although it took more than 24 hours to reduce the plant-hopper populations. It was concluded that rice should be closely watched from its third to the end of its sixth month and that 50 oz. of DDT 20 per cent. e.c. in 50 gallons of water per acre, or an equivalent formulation of some other insecticide, should be sprayed on the rice stems if the planthopper density should exceed 10 per stem. Other possible measures for controlling rice planthoppers would include the introduction of Dryinid wasps parasitising N. lugens, the development of rice varieties resistant to planthopper attacks, and the use of controlled flooding in high-bunded fields, but on present evidence the first two appear to hold little promise of success.

scholarly journals Rice Stripe Mosaic Disease: Characteristics and Control Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Wang ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Guohui Zhou ◽  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
And Control

Rice stripe mosaic disease (RSMD) is caused by the rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV; genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae). In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding several aspects of the disease, especially its geographical distribution, symptoms, vectors, gene functions, and control measures. Since RSMD was first detected in southern China in 2015, it has been found in more and more rice growing areas and has become one of the most important rice diseases in southern China. RSMV is transmitted by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis in a persistent-propagative manner, inducing yellow stripes, a slight distortion of leaves, increased tillers, and empty grains in rice plants. The virus has a negative-sense single-strand RNA genome of about 12.7 kb that encodes seven proteins: N, P, P3, M, G, P6, and L. Several molecular and serological tests have been developed to detect RSMV in plants and insects. The disease cycle can be described as follows: RSMV and its vector overwinter in infected plants; viruliferous R. dorsalis adults transmit the virus to spring rice and lay eggs on the infected seedlings; the next generation of R. dorsalis propagate on infected seedlings, become viruliferous, disperse, and cause new disease outbreaks. Control measures include monitoring and accurate forecasting, selecting disease-resistant varieties, improving cultivation systems, covering rice seedling nurseries with insect-proof nets, and using pesticides rationally. Inappropriate cultivation systems, pesticide overuse, and climatic conditions contribute to epidemics by affecting the development of vector insects and their population dynamics.

scholarly journals Keragaan Ekonomi dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penangkaran Benih Padi Binaan Program Desa Mandiri Benih di Sumatera Utara

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sawitania Situmorang ◽  
Setia Sari Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Production Function ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Frontier Production Function

Stapple food subsector is the second largest contributor after plantations subsector to Indonesian gross domestic product (GDP). However, since 2015, the productivity has been declining, though still provides a positive value. To anticipate the simultaniously decline of the productivity, the government has socialized the Seed Self Sufficiency Village (3SV) Programe with paddy. One of the provinces that has has been received the implementation of this 3SV programe is North Sumatra. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the economic performance of 3SV fostered village’s rice seed growers such as: production costs, profitability and business efficiency as well as the factors that affect the fostered paddy seed’s growers. This research was conducted using a survey method from August to November 2019. Data was collected through interviews with 30 fostered paddy seed’s growers in the districts of Deli Serdang, Batu Bara, Langkat, Serdang Bedagai, Simalungun, and South Nias. The location was chosen deliberately while the respondent farmers were chosen by judgmental method. The level of profitability is calculated using Gross Profit Ratio (GPR) while technical efficiency is analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Production Function. The results showed that the rice seedling business in the observed area was strongly influenced by area of land, the amount of use of seeds and additional fertilizers. Meanwhile, increasing the use of labor, basic fertilizers, Growth Regulator (GR), and pesticides will reduce the performance of the rice seedling business. The availability of irrigation water and farmer groups has a big influence in reducing technical inefficiencies.

scholarly journals Suppression of rice seedling blast by application of silica gel as a silicon source to nursery soil.

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HAYASAKA ◽  
H. FUJII ◽  
H. ANDO ◽  
T. NAMAI
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Silicon Source ◽  
Seedling Blast

scholarly journals KAJIAN SERAPAN BENIH PADI BERSERTIFIKAT DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2012– 2017

Agrika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Sri Karuniari Nuswardhani
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi peningkatan produksi padi adalah penggunaan benih unggul dan berkualitas. Penggunaan benih unggul dapat meningkatkan frekuensi panen menjadi tiga kali dalam setahun, meningkatkan mutu hasil dan sebagai sarana pengendali hama dan penyakit tanaman. Ketersedian benih unggul bersertifikat dalam kegiatan usaha tani merupakan syarat mutlak, meskipun dalam struktur ongkos usaha tani padi, proporsi pengeluaran untuk biaya benih tidak sampai 5% dari total pengeluaran, dibandingkan dengan pupuk (7-14%), lahan (14-34 %), dan tenaga kerja (30-62 %). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan faktor atau kondisi yang menyebabkan penggunaan benih bersertifikat belum maksimal dan kondisi yang diperlukan agar penyerapan benih bersertifikat meningkat, dan agar adopsi teknologi benih unggul dan bersertifikat oleh petani berjalan baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kendala yang dapat menghambat penggunaan benih bersertifikat, tetapi baru tiga yang dapat dibuktikan benar atau sesuai sedangkan kendala yang lain belum dapat diperoleh kesesuaian atau ketidaksesuaiannya. Tiga kendala tersebut adalah 1) Kontinuitas ketersediaan benih sumber BS untuk program Benih Dasar (BS-FS) belum terjamin; 2) Kurangnya jumlah penangkar benih dan 3) Pendidikan formal, pengalaman pribadi, dan pengaruh tokoh kunci. Serapan benih bersertifikat dapat meningkat antara lain jika kualitas benih bersertifikat ditingkatkan, kecukupan ketersediaan benih bersertifikat, penggunaan benih bersertifikat bisa meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani secara riil.  Petani merasa yakin bila melihat, mendengar, dan memperoleh informasi secara langsung dari sumbernya. ABSTRACTOne of necessary factors which has influence the increasing rice production is using superior and quality seeds. Itcan increase the frequency of harvesting until three times a year, improve the quality of yield and control the rice plant of pests and diseases. The availability of certified superior seeds for farmers is an absolute requirement, even though in the cost of rice seed production, the proportion of expenditure for seed costs is less than 5% of the total expenses compared to fertilizer (7-14%), land (14-34%), and labor (30-62%). This study is utilizes secondary data.  The objectives of this research is to formulate factors or conditions that cause of using certified seeds hasn't got maximally yet and suitable conditions needed due to absorption of certified seeds can be increase, and adoption technology of superior and certified seed by these farmers can run well. The results of the research showed that there were obstacles that were allegedly able to inhibit the use of certified seed, but only three that could be proven to be true or appropriate while other obstacles could not yet be obtained for compatibility or incompatibility. The three obstacles are: 1) Continuity of the availability of BS source seeds for the basic seed program (BS-FS) has not been guaranteed; 2) Lack of seed breeders; and 3) Formal education, personal experience, and the influence of key figures. Uptake of certified seeds can be increased, among others, if the quality of certified seeds is improved, the adequacy of the availability of certified seeds, the use of certified seeds can increase farmers' productivity and income in real terms. Farmers feel confident when seeing, hearing, and obtaining information directly from the source. 

scholarly journals KINERJA USAHATANI PADI DENGAN MESIN TRANSPLANTER DALAM RANGKA EFISIENSI TENAGA KERJA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dewi Sahara ◽  
Ekaningtyas Kushartanti ◽  
Tota Suhendrata
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Labor Time ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Central Java

<p>Rice  is  still  the  main  food  staple  for  Indonesian  people,  therefore  rice commodity  has  a  strategic  position  either  on  economics,  environmental,  social  and political  aspect.  Lately,  some  rice  production  centre  area  in  Central  Java  have experienced  a  scarcity  in  labour  specially  for  rice  seedling  activity.   To  solve  this problem labour efficiency is needed by using transplanter to cultivate rice seed.  The objective  of  this  study  are  to  know  the  efficiency  of  labor  time  and  to  identify  the perfomance of rice farming system with transplanter.  This study was done in Klaten District by using survey method to 30 rice farmers.  To identify efficiency of labor time with  compare  of  time  spent  on  farm  between  manually  and  using  transplanter, whereas  to  identify  the  perfomance  of  rice  farming  system  with  transplanter  BCR (Benefit  Cost  Ratio)  can  be  used.  The  result  showed  that  the  labour  needed  for seedling  until  cultivating  manually  is  32,79  of  male’s  hours  and  23,79  of   female’s hours, whereas by using it is transplanter only needed 18,67 male’s hours and none for female’s hours. If BCR with and no transplanter compared, rice farming after using  transplanter  has  a  higher  (3,56)  feasibility  compare  to  none  it  (2,35). Therefore, to increase production and farmer’s income, as well as labour efficiency also were it is recommended to use transplanter.</p>

scholarly journals Detection and Development of Infestation Rate of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Various Rice Seed Varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Nikmatul 'Azizah ◽  
Siwi Indarti ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Quantitative Statistics

Aphelenchoides besseyi is a seed borne nematode caused white tip disease. Infested rice seeds are beneficial inoculum source forA. besseyi widespread. The objective of this research was to determine the occurence and development of symptom level caused by A. besseyi in rice seed varieties. The research was done by detecting A. besseyi in rice seed using Hoshino and Togashi method and counting the nematode population in the seed; observing the incubation time and measuring disease incidence every week. The result revealed that A. besseyi was found in 16 of 17 varieties, i.e. R1 IR64, R2 IR64, R3 IR64, R1 Situbagendit, R2 Situbagendit, Inpari 33, R1 Memberamo, R2 Memberamo, R3 Memberamo, R1 Way Apo Buru, R2 Way Apo Buru, Mekongga, Pepe, Ketan, Sintanur, and Ciherang.A. besseyi infection increased every week in many varieties depend on quantitative (statistics) and qualitative (symptom) indicators. There were 4 varieties have to be investigate further because they were infested by A. besseyi>30 nematodes/100 seeds, i.e. R1 Way Apo Buru, R1 Situbagendit, Ketan and R3 IR 64. A practice that is also required is the elimination of A. besseyi inoculum in rice seed before cultivate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document