scholarly journals On the Dynamics of PostAgrarian Development: The Recycling of a Rural Fur Farm in the Republic of Karelia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Tatiana B. Shchepanskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times

The article considers some aspects of post-agrarian development of the modern Russian village. The research is based on materials from the field ethnographic study of the territory of the Mikhailovsky rural settlement in the Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, which was performed in May 2009. The research focuses on one case study: changes in material culture after the closure of a local fur farm (Zverosovkhoz) in the post-Soviet period. The transition from the use of equipment in a closed enterprise to its public and personal use, along with the renewal of a traditional rural way of life (traditional fishing and subsistence livestock production practices), led to the perception of this equipment (in particular, the reserves of metal wire mesh that was previously used in making animal cages) as a new environment - a source of materials for traditional rural activities. We record the use of these resources in fishing, livestock production, housekeeping, as well as in structuring (partitioning with fences) and improvement (cleaning) of public spaces. As a result, the equipment from the fur farm influences the emergence of a specific visual environment, which turns into a material embodiment of the collective memory of the times of the “state farm millionaire” (sovkhozmillioner). Another direction of the renewal of traditional rural ways of life is associated with the actualization of the ethnic identity of the Ludian Karelians and the development of rural and ethnic tourism. These processes have formed a request for objects of material culture that are made of traditional materials. These things are not involved in everyday economic activity but meant to be demonstrated as markers of ethnic and local identity.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATIONS OF POLISH DEMOCRACY IN THE PERIOD OF THE XX - BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
M.I. Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times

The article is devoted to the study and scientific understanding of the process of formation and evolution of Poland as a modern democratic European state. The importance of the influence of the democratic traditions of the Polish people on the formation of the current model of the state system of the Republic of Poland is pointed out. The general chronological framework of each of the periods of democratization of Polish society, starting from the times of "noble democracy", has been established. The main characteristics of the stages of democratic development of Poland up to the present period are determined. The main factors that influenced the course of democratic transit in the Polish state have been clarified. It turns out that the peculiarities of modern Polish statehood are due to the historical traditions of Polish democracy, the mentality of the Polish people, membership in the EU and other international organizations. It is emphasized that the implementation of economic and institutional transformations in the Polish state in the post-Soviet period was accompanied by the simultaneous formation of civil society. It is established that the result of democratic transit in the Republic of Poland is a liberal democracy of the western type with a certain bias towards social democracy. Emphasis is placed on the decisive role of European integration processes in the establishment of the Republic of Poland as a democratic, legal and social state. Based on the analysis of current legislation and ongoing reforms in the law-making sphere, the main factors that determine the existing systemic threats to the rule of law and democracy in Poland at the present stage of its state-building have been identified. It is stated that Polish democracy at present shows some negative tendencies, but it is unlikely to collapse due to the current challenges, as the Republic still maintains a balance between state power and political freedom of citizens and their associations and the general atmosphere in Polish society remains open and free.

scholarly journals Tour itinerary “The Call of Torama” for the development of ethnic tourism in the Republic of Mordovia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina М. Gavina ◽  
Marina A. Zhulina ◽  
Liudmila V. Sotova ◽  
Maksim I. Firstov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
Tourism Services

The rich cultural heritage of Finno-Ugric peoples is a self-important and an integral part of Russian and world culture. Tourism makes popular historical, cultural and natural monuments, folk crafts, national cuisine and parts of non-material culture, thus contributing to their preservation and development. Nowadays for many indigenous peoples of Russia (especially those, whose numbers are small) the development of ethnic tourism is an only way to preserve the traditions and customs. For that reason, the development of ethnic tourism, and in particular shaping a competitive tourism in Finno-Ugric regions are highly relevant. The Republic of Mordovia as the national region situated in the center of the European part of Russia has some advantages in the development of regional market of tourism services. The presence of unique heritage of Mordovian national culture, including places of interest, customs of national art crafts, regular events, national cuisine etc., makes ethnic tourism one of the main priorities for the development of Mordovia. The purpose of this study is to define efficient ways for the development of ethnic tourism in the Republic of Mordovia and establish a competitive ethnic itinerary based on the identified criteria for tour itineraries on the present-day market. The research efforts led to the setting up ethnic itinerary “The call of Torama”, aimed at the unification of competitive elements of regional tourism and providing effective sales of the itinerary on the Russian tourist market. The itinerary is a weekend tour. It is based on the objects of ethnic tourism, complemented by the visits to the main attractions of Saransk and areas of the Republic of Mordovia. «The call of Torama» is included in the branded itinerary list of Russia. The experience of the Republic of Mordovia in the formation of a branded ethnic itinerary can be successfully applied in other regions. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the itinerary and provides recommendations for its improvement.

Radicalization of Dagestan’s youth in the post-Soviet period

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Yusup Guseynov
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Regular Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is based on archival materials, field ethnographic material and examines the problem of youth radicalism in the post-Soviet period. In the XXI century the second regular process of recruiting young people into the ranks of terrorists began. However, thanks to the official clergy (the Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan), state authorities, public associations of the Republic, the process of radicalization of young people has stopped.

Bastions of Tradition: The Ethnic Factor and Political Machines in Russian Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-111
Author(s):  
Stanislav Shkel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
The Republic

The regional machines created by the Russian governors in the mid-1990s turned out to be most effective in the ethnic republics. This phenomenon is supported by several facts, with the primary as follows: the density of the patronage networks among the rural ethnic minorities, and the economic heritage of the Soviet period and ethnical institutionalization. These factors allowed regional elites to integrate ethnic minorities into the clientelism structure to distribute symbolic and material benefits in exchange for their electoral support. However, at present, the federal authorities have considerably reduced the autonomy of the ethnic republics and deprived them of many ethnic preferences. Basing on the analysis of the electoral statistics from the Russian Presidential Election of 2018, this article researches the political consequences caused by the changed relationship between the center and the regions, as well as the changes in functioning of regional political machines in the circumstances where the governors’ institutional and resource autonomy has been reduced. The data analysis allowed for the discovery of the diversified electoral behavior of ethnic minorities in different republics. The reasons for the above diversification have been explained based on a comparative analysis of five case studies (the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Komi Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)).

Analysis of state of the Republic of Buryatia

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Maria Urbinovnа Bazarova ◽  
Alla Nikolaevna Gomboeva ◽  
Sesegma Vladimirovna Zhargalova
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of the analysis of the state of the livestock industry in general and by category of farms in the Republic of Buryatia. Dynamics and structure of livestock stock, productivity of state and poultry, dynamics of livestock production are given.

The Second Spanish Republic in soviet and russian studies: specificity, problems, interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-368
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

For many years, representatives of Soviet and then Russian historical science paid special attention to the period of the Second Spanish Republic and, especially, to the events of 1936-1939. The Spanish Civil War was and remains a topic that attracts the attention of specialists and influences the development of a multifaceted Russian-Spanish cultural dialogue. There are significantly fewer works on the peaceful years of the Republic, which is typical not only for domestic science, but also for the historiography of this period as a whole. Four key periods can be distinguished in the formation of the national historiography of the Spanish Republic. The first is associated with the existence of the Republic itself and is distinguished by significant political engagement. The second opens after 1956 and combines the continuity with respect to the period of the 1930s. and, at the same time, striving for objectivity, developing methodology and expanding the source base. The third stage is associated with the period of the 1970s-1980s, the time of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Spain, as well as the active interaction of historians of the two countries. The fourth stage, which lasted thirty years, was the time of the formation of the Russian historiography of the Second Republic, which sought to get rid of the ideological attitudes that left a significant imprint on the research of the Soviet period. This time is associated with the active archival work of researchers and the publication of sources, the expansion of topics, interdisciplinary approaches. Among the studies of the history of the Second Republic outside Spain, Russian historiography has a special place due to the specifics of Soviet-Spanish relations during the Civil War, and the archival funds in our country, and the traditions of Russian historical Spanish studies, and the preservation of republican memory.

Lifeblood of the Parish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Maldonado-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Material Religion

Each year the Shrine Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, celebrates its annual Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and San Paolino di Nola. The crowning event is the Dance of the Giglio, a devotional spectacle of strength and struggle in which men lift a four-ton, seventy-foot tower through the streets. This ethnographic study delves into this masculine world of devotion and the religious lives of lay Catholic men. It explores contemporary men’s devotion to the saints and the Catholic parish as an enduring venue for the pursuit of manhood and masculinity amid gentrification and neighborhood change in New York City. It explores the way laymen imagine themselves and their labor as high stakes, the very work of keeping their parish alive. In this Brooklyn church men, money, and devotion are intertwined. In the backstage spaces of the parish men enact their devotion through craft, manual labor, and fundraising. A rich exploration of embodiment and material religion, this book examines how men come to be part of religious community through material culture: costumes, clothing, objects, and tattoos. It argues that devotion is as much about skills, the body, and relationships between men as it is about belief.

scholarly journals Private Farms of Rural Population of the Republic Tatarstan in Historical and Economic Context (2000–2010-ies)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Ilgizar R. Kaydarov
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The Village

Introduction. In domestic historiography for many decades personal subsidiary plots were viewed as some rudiment of a non-socialist form of farming in the country’s agricultural sector. In accordance with the political principles of party ideologists, most researchers in every possible way emphasized the futility of the personal subsidiary plots and the inevitability of their soon withering away. And at the beginning of the XXI century they re-main a kind of “islands” of small business in the countryside and the main form of earnings for the total mass of rural workers. The main objective of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of personal subsidiary plots of the rural population of Tatarstan in the context of determining the main socio-economic indicators in relation to the study area; identification of the most important development parameters of this form of small business. Materials and Methods. The scientific study is based on source materials from various government departments (including the Tatarstan Statistical Office), newspaper and journal periodicals, as well as data from historical, economic and sociological literature. When writing the article, the author was guided by the principles of historicism, complexity and objectivity. The research is based on the methods of historical science: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, systemic, etc. Results. During the study, the current state and indicators of the development of personal subsidiary plots of the rural population of the Republic of Tatarstan were systematically reviewed, in particular, their participation in the structure of regional gross income. It has been established that the main branches of economic activity of peasant farmsteads are vegetable growing and productive animal husbandry. It is proved that the strengthening of the positions of large investors in the village led to the curtailment of certain branches of production of personal subsidiary plots and their transition to a consumer rate of management. Discussion and Conclusion. The intensive development of various forms of small business in the post-perestroika period, including personal subsidiary plots of the population, intensified the market diversification of the economy of the agricultural sector in general and of high-quality peasant farmsteads in particular. During the forced dismantling of the collective farm and state farm management systems and the formation of new forms of entrepreneurship, peas-ant farmsteads became not only the economic basis for the existence of the rural population, but also a form of self-preservation of many settlements.

scholarly journals Family Planning in the Republic of Tajikistan: A narrative review from Soviet times to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellison Henry ◽  
Zarrina H. Juraqulova
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Republic

Introduction: Tajikistan’s dramatic shift from a high to a low fertility society has taken place over a little more than two decades. While some fertility beliefs remained the same throughout the rapid economic and political transitions of Tajikistan, other beliefs may have changed to respond to the financial realities of the newly independent and Central Asian republic, such as having fewer children. The objective of this review was to describe and analyze the state of family planning in the Republic of Tajikistan from Soviet period (1929-1991) until 2017.Methods: The review is based on materials obtained from various sources including Google Scholar and PubMed, relevant to family planning in Tajikistan, including government policies, open-access nationally representative data, journal articles, and program reports, identified through a selective search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and the grey literature. Conclusion: This narrative review presents the history of family planning in Tajikistan, outlines an understanding of the health system context as it relates to family planning, and analyzes the latest national family planning policy (2017). The authors suggest further research is required to (a) understand the beliefs and practices related to family planning; and (b) define strategies to address the issue of unmet need of family planning services. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document