scholarly journals LEXICAL-SEMANTIC SUBSYSTEM OF SENSORY VERBS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH VERB SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Nataliia Holovatska
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
English Language ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
English Language Development ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Perception Process ◽  
English Verb

The article focuses on the study of the lexical-semantic subsystem of sensory verbs in the Modern English verb system. The objectives of the study are to analyse sensory verbs’ semantic features, establish macro- and micro integral connections between them, and to determine their groups and synonymic sets by differential trait and denotative sema. Definitional, componential, comparative, proportional and quantitative analysis, English explanatory dictionaries and thesauri were used in the study. Sensory verbs of five lexical-semantic fields have approximately the same proportion of lexemes that form the core, main part and periphery of each corresponding lexical-semantic field, with a slightly larger number of verbs in the main part. Old English sensory verbs make up a third of the modern perception process subsystem, almost a half of the borrowed lexemes from French and Latin, a tenth of sensory verbs borrowed from the West Germanic group and a small percentage is formed by borrowings from other languages, unknown or imitative origin. The study analysed the share of sensory verbs according to the periods of English language development. Sensory verbs of the Middle English and New English periods make up more than a half of the sensory vocabulary of the modern perception process subsystem. It is established that sensory verbs are combined into groups and synonymic sets by seven differential traits. The results of the study of connections between sensory verbs show that they are not isolated in their lexical-semantic fields and in general in the sensory subsystem of the sensory perception process, i.e. they migrate between sensory lexical-semantic fields. All the lexemes of the sensory subsystem are hierarchical, belong to the hierarchy of lexical-semantic formations and implicitly have all the features of the higher levels of the hierarchy. Thus, lexical-semantic fields of sensory verbs are open systems.

scholarly journals LEXICO-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC TOLERANCE IN MODERN AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kozlova ◽  
Hanna Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Verbal Representation ◽  
Universal Category ◽  
Presidential Discourse ◽  
The Right ◽  
Negative Connotation

The paper focuses on the investigation of lexical-semantic features of ethnic tolerance representation in modern American presidential discourse. Linguistic studios interpret tolerance as a universal category that forms communication, affects its mechanisms and results. In this paper ethnic tolerance in American presidential discourse is defined as a compliance of the addresser and addressee of the presidential discourse with the ethical model of interethnic relations and popularization of this model that aims at society consolidation. Ethnic tolerance is manifested through an unbiased assessment, acceptance of different worldviews, faiths and cultures, awareness of equal rights and respect for democratic freedoms. The set of semantic components of the concept of tolerance in the English language is distinguished and four lexico-semantic groups representing ethnic tolerance in American presidential discourse: “culture of the alien”, “cooperation”, “attitude to the alien”, “right to independence” are identified. These groups are singled out given the dominance of semantic components of tolerance which denote the object of tolerance, the form of relations with the object of tolerance, the attitude to the object of tolerance and the right of the object of tolerance. The verbal representation of ethnic tolerance in American presidential discourse is characterized by non-categoricity, the use of plural first person pronouns and vocabulary with positive and negative connotation to emphasize positive intentions towards other states and nations. Taking into account the functional and stylistic components, the language means of ethnic tolerance are represented by political, legal and diplomatic terminology. The analysis of the lexico-semantic means that represent ethnic tolerance in modern American presidential discourse makes it possible to identify the basic value of this type of discourse and clarify the main features of the implementation of the ethnic tolerant behaviour.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF THE STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “POLITICAL ACTIVITY” WITHIN SOCIO-POLITICAL LEXIS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
O. V. Minenko ◽  
Y. S. Snisarenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
National Language ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

The article deals with the semantics of lexical units of unrelated languages. Problems of studying the lexical level of related and unrelated languages are of particular interest, since the specificity of the national language systems is the most clearly reflected in the lexis. The study of common and different structural semantic features makes it possible to disclose the peculiarity of the native language and culture on the background of language contacts. The studied language systems belong to different types, and the comparison of languages of different types without regard to their genetic links is the greatest value for any research, since it contributes significantly to the correct understanding of the significance of the analyzed speech phenomena. The subject of the analysis is lexemes of socio-political meaning in the Ukrainian and English languages. The study of socio-political lexis is of considerable interest to linguistics, because it reflects one of the most important spheres of life of modern society – political. The study of such an active lexical category as socio-political lexis, contributes to the understanding of language phenomena, due to the evolution of the semantics of lexical units. Socio-political lexis is characterized by blurring of its boundaries, semantic dispersion and sphere of usage. In order to systematize the linguistic material, the lexical-semantic field of the studied lexical units was identified – “Political activity”, within which an anаlysis of the dynamic prosesses in the socio-political lexis was carried out in their correlation with the factors of a social nature. The peculiarity of the lexical-semantic field is that it is allocated on the basis of the logical division of the broad concept, but at the same time it is the actual linguistic division of the man’s representations of objective reality. The field approach to the organization of the vocabulary is one of the main principles of systematization of linguistic phenomena, through which the relationship, interdependence and hierarchy of linguistic units are revealed. This makes it possible to study not separate lexemes, but systems of lexical units and the reflection of their semantic links. Lexical-semantic fields are highly organized and intergrated conceptual spheres, elements of which are mutually delimiting one another, and their importance derives from the system as a whole. Each field analyzes the scope of experience, concrete or abstract; divided and classified in a unique way, reflecting a scale of values of society and a special vision of the world. As a result of the study of structural-semantic features of the lexical-semantic field “Political activity”, it became known that in English it is represented by larger number of lexical units. This advantage can be explained by the greater stability of the British political system in comparison with the Ukrainian. The presence in the lexical vocabulary of the English language of a greater number of borrowed lexical units with political meaning can be explained by the fact that Great Britain has more economic and political contacts with other countries of the world than Ukraine.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the conversation vocabulary functioning in the ukrainian language

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Borysenko I. V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Conversational Units

The research is carried out from the focus on the analysis of the main lexical and semantic characteristics of the borrowings from the English language in the modern Ukrainian language. It is found out that the results of such researches are of considerable importance both from the theoretical and practical point of view as they give the opportunity to outline the interaction between linguistic, social and cultural aspects. The increasing number of the borrowings in the Ukrainian language and the features of their functioning within a new linguistic situation condition the urgency of the research. The article clarifies youth conversational vocabulary as the key linguistic environment for its use. The article also covers the main types of the borrowing words (direct borrowing and calquing). In the work are considered the new meaning, characteristics and connotation the borrowing words can get in a new language. The basic lexical-semantic features of the modern conversational units are outlined(namely lots of connotations, multi-functionality, synonymizing, polarization; the elimination of certain features of words; giving or removing the emphasis to the word). It is proved that constant change, laconism, smartnessare specific to slang; communicative, emotional and assessing functions of the slang are also specified in the article. Key words: conversational vocabulary, interaction, linguistic, social and cultural aspects, semantic changes, stylistic features.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of knowledge in aerospace industry in the mode «image-sense» on the basis of film scripts

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Iryna Voloshchuk ◽  
◽  
Alina Derkach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Multimodal Text ◽  
Written Speech

The article is devoted to the study of terminological conceptualization in aerospace industry based on the multimodality approach. Multimodal text analysis, in particular of the scientific texts, involves the study of communication and its means by combining several modes of communication, including native, oral and written speech, as well as resources of other semiotic systems (graphics, architecture, audio, video, digital media, etc.). The purpose of the article is to identify lexico-semantic features of aerospace terminology in multimodal texts, to clarify the definition of polycoding text, to analyze the term in the multimodal aspect, to analyze the method of semantic fields used for the classification of aerospace terms and to define the basic semantic fields of aerospace terminology. The concept of multimodality refers to human senses, primarily visual and auditory. The human senses are stated to be intermediaries in the communication process. Any information presented in the oral or written form is perceived by a person as a result of stimulation of the receptors of various sense organs, each of which corresponds to a certain area in the brain in which information is processed. Texts, sounds, video series, etc. are means of transmitting information or modes (visual or semiotic resources) that contain and transmit certain content. The polycode or multimodal text is a type of text in which the sense of lexical units can be understood through several modes of communication (oral and written speech, graphics, sound and so on). The usage of terms in media discourse, speeches, screenplays is an important factor in the extralinguistic development of language, which, accordingly, affects the functioning of terms, can lead to changes in its lexical, semantic, functional and structural features. Therefore, the term acts as an element of polycode text. The term as a semiotic phenomenon represents the connection between the referent that exists in objective reality, its meaning and phonetic and graphic form. In this way, taking into consideration its (term) multifunctionality, we can conclude that studying the term’s nature in the aspect of multimodality in the most appropriate. The presence of various modes of information transfer in polycode texts in the communication process makes it possible to take into account both verbal and nonverbal factors in the analysis, which contributes to a comprehensive study of the terminological unit. The use of semantic fields to describe terminological vocabulary is associated with the division of terminological units into certain lexical-semantic groups, which are separate microsystems within the system of aerospace terminology.

TO THE PROBLEM OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REFLECTION IN DICTIONARIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Е.М. Григорьева
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Characteristic Features

Постановка задачи. Статья посвящена детальному анализу фразеологизмов английского языка различных тематических групп и особенностям их регистрации в англо-английских и англо-русском словарях и справочных пособиях. Рассматривается ряд характеристик, которые отличают фразеологические единицы от свободных словосочетаний. Кроме того, исследуется вопрос включения пословиц в состав фразеологического фонда того или иного языка. Впоследствии отобранные методом сплошной выборки фразеологические единицы классифицируются по различным основаниям, а также проводится детальный анализ особенностей их отражения в представленных изданиях. Результаты. Осуществляется классификация фразеологизмов по следующим категориям: функция в коммуникации, определяемая их структурно-семантическими особенностями, а также тематическое деление. Отдельно рассматриваются фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, относящиеся к нескольким тематическим группам, среди которых смерть, ругательства и беременность. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности организации микроструктуры (словарной статьи) каждого отдельно взятого издания. Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа регистрации английских фразеологизмов сделаны выводы о том, что данная лексика получает подробное и точное отражение в справочниках. Проведенный анализ теоретической литературы показал правомерность включения пословиц во фразеологический фонд, поскольку они принадлежат к культурному наследию того или иного народа и воспроизводятся в речи в исходной форме. Тип и адресат справочника определяют особенности организации словарной статьи, а также компоненты, которые входят в нее (дефиниция, переводной эквивалент, иллюстративный пример, грамматическая, стилистическая, региональная и этимологическая пометы, графическая иллюстрация). Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the phraseological units of the English language of various thematic groups and the features of their registration in the English-English and English-Russian dictionaries and reference books. Features that distinguish phraseological units from free phrases are studied. More than that, the question of belonging proverbs to phraseological stock is studied. Then phraseological units selected by the continuous sampling method are classified according to different grounds, and a detailed analysis of the features of their reflection in the analyzed sources is carried out. Results. Phraseological units are classified into some categories according to the following criteria: function in communication, determined by their structural and semantic features and thematic division. Phraseological units-euphemisms related to several thematic groups, including death, curse words and pregnancy are studied. The characteristic features of microstructure organization of each individual source are described. Conclusion. The analysis of English phraseological units registration showed that this lexis is reflected in dictionaries in a proper way. Theoretical literature analysis shows justification of proverbs inclusion into phraseological stock as they are a part of national cultural heritage and are reproduced in speech in the basic form. Further, the author comes to a conclusion that dictionary type and addressee of the reference book determine features of microstructure organization and their components (definition, translation equivalent, illustrative example, grammar, stylistic, regional and etymological labels, graphic illustration).

scholarly journals Preparing Teachers of English Language Learners: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca López ◽  
Martin Scanlan ◽  
Becky Gundrum
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
English Language Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Reading Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Training

In this study, we examined the degree to which the requirements in each state’s teacher education programs reflect current theory and practice for teachers of ELLs in their coursework, and how these requirements in turn are related to 4th grade Hispanic ELL’s reading outcomes on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. We found that required coursework on English language development and assessment were positively related to Hispanic ELLs' reading outcomes. Moreover, states that require both specialist certification, and all teachers to have some level of training to meet the needs of ELLs, also tend to have higher levels of achievement than states that do not have these requirements.

scholarly journals LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE TRANSLATION OF POPULAR SCIENCE TEXTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Babyatinskaya ◽  
I. N. Hroza ◽  
K. S. Guseinova
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Lexical Semantic
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