scholarly journals «The ucommunist program» in the context of the KGB secret case «Block» realization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (50) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Bohdan Paska
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Development Block

The article analyzes the course and results of the KGB investigation of the identification of the author of the self-published document «The Ukommunist Program» in the framework of the case of block operative development “Block” in 1972. This problem has not been studied in Ukrainian historiography yet. The basis of sources is previously classified documents of the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine (SSA SSU) concerning the case «Block». During the investigation, KGB officers used various methods to obtain information about the authorship of the document. There are searches on the apartments of suspects, pressure on arrested dissidents during interrogations, textual and linguistic expertise of the text of «The Ucommunist Program», eavesdropping of the prison conversations, using spies inside the jail. In the spring of 1972, charges of writing, storing and distributing of «The Ucommunist Program» were brought to E. Sverstyuk, V. Chornovil, D. Shumuk, I. Svitlychny, M. Plahotniuk, Z. Antonyuk, V. Stus. In total, at least 17 people were suspected of being involved in the production and distribution of «The Ucommunist Program», ten of which belonged to the Kiev dissident cell and seven to the Lviv one. Due to controversial statements of imprisoned dissidents, their refusal to give testimony the efforts of the KGB workers in January–August 1972 were unsuccessful. Only nine months after the first discovery of a copy of «The Ucommunist Program», KGB officers were able to detect and crack down on its author, writer Vasyl Ruban. After his arrest, he flatly refused to cooperate with the investigation, did not answer questions from the KGB officers during interrogations, did not sign any protocols. The Soviet leadership decided to violence with the author of «The Ucommunist Program» by using psychiatric repression. The author of the article concludes that identifying dissidents involved in the production and distribution of the Communist Program was one of the key tasks of the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR in 1972. Keywords: «The Ucommunist Program», the case «Block», Vasyl Ruban, Ukrainian dissident movement, Soviet regime, KGB.

scholarly journals The Campaign to Discredit Dissident Valentyn Moroz from the Side of the Soviet Regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (48) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Bohdan Paska
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Regime ◽  
State Archive ◽  
False Information ◽  
Central State ◽  
The West ◽  
Security Service

The article analyzes the main measures of the Soviet regime to discredit the dissident Valentyn Moroz in the 1970s and early 1980s. This problem has not been studied in Ukrainian historiography yet. The basis of sources is previously classified documents of the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine (SSA SSU), as well as materials of the Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine (CSAPA), the Soviet press, memoirs of participants of the dissident movement. The chronological framework, stages and tasks of the discrediting campaign are singled out. Among its methods there is the distribution of false information about the dissident through the Ukrainian and foreign press, the initiation of conflicts with the participation of V. Moroz in the Mordovian colonies and in emigration, diplomatic pressure on the governments of the West. The author concludes that the KGB campaign has become one of the most important factors that led to a fall in the reputation of V. Moroz at the turn of the 1970s-1980s. Keywords: Valentyn Moroz, Ukrainian dissident movement, Soviet regime, discrediting campaign, disinformation, Ukrainian diaspora

Lenin and the Crisis of Communism: The View from Inside

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Cris Shore
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Political Ritual ◽  
May Day ◽  
First Time ◽  
Public Demonstration

THE 1990 MAY DAY PARADE IN MOSCOW'S RED SQUARE provided an extraordinary spectacle of the growing dilemma faced by the Soviet leadership. Mikhail Gorbachev, flanked by members of the Politburo, stood atop the Lenin Mausoleum while below an angry crowd of demonstrators booed, jeered and defiantly waved placards and portraits of opposition politicians. It was an historic occasion, reminiscent of the last days of the CeauSescu regime in Romania. Not since Lenin's day had there been a public demonstration of this kind in Red Square. This was the first time since the Bolshevik Party appropriated the International Labour holiday to celebrate its own power that the May Day parade had been disrupted. The symbolic significance was all too apparent: the key event in the calendar of Soviet political ritual had been visibly wrecked, the communist leadership had appeared weak and isolated, and even at the sacred heartland of Lenin's shrine Gorbachev's authority was being challenged and undermined by an angry Soviet public. From being a symbol of workers’ solidarity and Soviet military might, May Day had become further testimony to the crisis of legitimacy in the Soviet regime.

scholarly journals Typical Bourgeois Intellectuals and Great Friends of the Soviet Union: Latin American Writers in the USSR during the Khrushchev Thaw

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
K. R. Buynova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State

The author studies the Latin American writers’ visits to the USSR from 1954 till beginning of 1960s realized via the Foreign Commission of the Union of Soviet Writers. After Stalin’s death, the activity of all departments of the Commission expanded significantly; the lists of those invited from abroad now included writers who were absolutely loyal to the USSR as well as new and yet unknown names. As a result, the staff of the Foreign Commission had to face an unprecedented pluralism. Based on the Commission’s Spanish and Portuguese translators’ reports, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the study analyses the criteria based on which the stay of a guest was perceived as favorable or undesirable for continuing cooperation in order to improve the image of the USSR in foreign literary circles. The study also analyses somewhat of a loyalty marker, reflecting the guests’ perception of the results of the 20th Congress of the CPSU and the state of Soviet-Chinese relations as sensitive topics important for the political self-determination of communist writers. The study of these new sources allows us to conclude that when choosing new foreign partners, the Foreign Commission often relied on the advice of its’ faithful friends, and the protégés of the latter did not always withstand the test of compatibility with the Soviet regime. At the same time, there was no specific criteria for the new friends’ selection. The translators, who were the first to report on the visit, were invited from outside, sometimes just for one particular job; they did not receive clear instructions from the Commission and were guided by their own ideas about the importance of the writer in their care and the expediency of cooperation with him. Later their opinion could not be taken into account; presumably, it was the journalistic and novelistic production of the invited writers published as a result of the visit to the USSR that was of greater importance to decide whether they were worth further attention. The study reviews Soviet Writers’ Union cooperation with P. Neruda, F. González-Urízar, N. Parra, V. Teitelboim, A. Cassigoli, F. Coloane (Chile), J. Amado, M. Rebelo, E. de Moraes, G. Figueiredo, H. Silveira (Brazil), I. Abirad, J.C. Pedemonte, M. Rosencof (Uruguay), N. Guillen, C. Leante, O. Hurtado, Samuel Feijoo (Cuba), E. Barrios Villa (Bolivia), C.A. Leon (Venezuela).

scholarly journals Investigation of the awareness and effects of naturally changing compositional aspects in kombucha tea, due to natural fermentation processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlson Chao ◽  
Dale Chen ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Production Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Kombucha Tea ◽  
Production And Distribution

With the growing popularity of Kombucha, more people are beginning to either purchase or make their own Kombucha beverage. Due to the relatively recent rise in popularity, within the general public, not as much is known about the beverage compared to other beverages that have been on the market longer such as beer. This is important and relevant to public health because, due to the nature of the production method used to create Kombucha, the drink itself may contain alcohol. While at the time of production and distribution, the levels of alcohol are below the regulated maximum of 1%, these levels may increase on their own if measures were not put in place to stop the beverage from self-fermenting post-distribution. Kombucha is sold as a non-alcoholic beverage as they aren’t required to be defined as liquor (because it is <1% ethanol), when in reality, they may contain more than 1% ethanol due to the self-fermentation process. This poses as a potential health risks to people who do not consume alcohol for personal reasons or to adolescents who should not be consuming alcohol.

Typology of Aggressiveness and National Violence in the Former USSR

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
The Self ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Different Cultures

AbstractWith the beginning of glasnost in the former USSR, ethnic problems that were claimed to have been solved during the Soviet regime quickly developed into open conflicts, revealing different 'cultures of violence'. The analysis of the initial, often symbolic, stage of the conflict is of special interest, since it can better reveal the peculiarities of national patterns of violence in different cultural traditions, these patterns usually becoming indistinguishable soon after the conflict grows into a real war. The article analyses the first nine months of the Armenian - Azerbaijani conflict (February-November 1988), indicating the quite different models of aggressive behaviour of the groups involved in the conflict. It shows how national violence has been shaped by historical and/or mythological patterns (the militant branch of the Armenian national movement of the late 1980s reflecting the fedayi movement of the late 19th century in the Ottoman empire; the Chechen terrorists reflecting the heroes of the North Caucasian Nartian epic). The article also discusses the hidden forms of national violence (the ecological movement in Estonia addressed firstly towards the native Russians; the self-damaging ecological movement in Armenia; pseudo-ecological anti-Armenian rallies in Azerbaijan, etc).

scholarly journals Indirect Tax Structure Prior to the Introduction of GST: Challenges and the Need for a Unified Tax Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sury
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Sales Taxes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
Production And Distribution

An indirect tax is one which can be shifted from the original payer to the ultimate consumer of the commodity or service taxed. Indirect taxes (also called hidden taxes) are convenient to collect but lack equity attribute. They do not allow considerations for the personal circumstances of taxpayers as do direct taxes. The distribution of indirect tax burden is often, though not always, regressive and even the poorest of the poor are made to contribute to public exchequer. This paper examines the indirect tax structure of India prior to the introduction of Goods and Service Tax (GST) to enable an understanding and appreciation of the need for GST in India. It analyses the various indirect taxes such as import duties, excise levies, and sales taxes. It also shows how VAT, which is a multi-stage tax levied on all stages of production and distribution of a commodity, suffers from certain limitations. Despite the self-policing nature of VAT, opportunities do exist under it for evasion and fraud. The need to overcome various challenges and limitations of this indirect tax structure have led to the adoption of a unified tax regime, i.e. GST.

scholarly journals Détente as a Factor of Modernization of the USSR in the 1970s - the Beginining of the 1980s in the Analytical Reviews of the Central Intelligence Agency

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-424
Author(s):  
Daria Yakupova ◽  
Roman Yakupov
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Usa

Coverage of the role and importance of the economic policy implemented during the détente period to solve the complex problems of the Soviet Union in the field of intensification of production is relevant in connection with the cyclical completion of the warmer climate between Russia and the West. The study of the historical experience of the development of international cooperation, the analysis of competition for a place in the global division of labor and the results of the struggle for the achievements of the scientific and technical revolution of the XX century make it possible to reconstruct the steps taken by the Soviet leadership to find new foreign economic tools against the background of modernization challenges. The article based on the materials of the electronic archive of the CIA, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Economics and Russian State Archive of Contemporary History funds provide previously unpublished comprehensive information on the size and content of compensation agreements of the USSR with Western Europe, the USA and Japan during the détente period. The authors reveal the role of the banking capital of the USSR to ensure the country's access to hard currency and implementation of the technology transfer policy. Similarity of the strategy of containment of the USSR in the 1970s and Russia today is emphasized on the example of the analysis of the USA intelligence data. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the considerable mobilization efforts of the Soviet leadership to expand foreign trade operations, the conclusion of large-scale compensation agreements, the creation of sovereign transnational transportation and the development of Soviet financial institutions abroad, the targets set by the modernization of the 1970s were not fully met. The USSR did not maintain the export model in the global economy during the détente period for a number of reasons.

The Zhitomir Rabbinical School: New Materials and Perspectives

2001 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Efim Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Archive ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Rabbinical School ◽  
New Perspective

This chapter examines the Zhitomir rabbinical school, one of the most controversial institutions in nineteenth-century Jewish life in the tsarist empire. It draws upon the documents of the rabbinical school in the State Archive of the Zhitomir Region. The objective here is to analyse state motivations in creating ‘rabbinical colleges’, the composition and profile of the student body, and the educational backgrounds and goals of its staff and teachers. Here, the internal life of such schools are examined from a new perspective. Indeed, the chapter shows in the case of Zhitomir, that one central reason for the failure of the rabbinical schools lay in the fact that within their walls the self-professed ‘leaders of the Jewish people’ were alienated from the very people they claimed to lead.

scholarly journals Organization of the First Post-War Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in Leningrad in October 1945 – February 1946: Documents from the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 836-847
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Rupasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Post War ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The City

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 5, 1945, the first post-war elections to this supreme body of state power were scheduled for February 10, 1946. The political leadership attached exceptional importance to the election campaign launched in autumn 1945. The election campaign and its results could have been an indicator of the mood of Soviet society, permitting to estimate whether the victory in the war had been able to neutralize the accumulated fatigue from the hardships of the war and prevent the growth of negative feelings among the population towards the communist party and Soviet leadership. Thus, the authorities paid special attention to the organization of the elections to the Supreme Soviet in Leningrad, the city which survived the siege. Political and ideological support for the election campaign of autumn 1945 – winter 1946 was not the only task that the Soviet and party structures in Leningrad were concerned about. Purely organizational and technical aspects of the elections required coordination between a large number of departments and organizations. One of the most serious organizational problems was lack of trained personnel to work in election commissions. The Central State Archive of St. Petersburg has some limited number of documents that allow us to study the organizational and technical side of the elections in Leningrad in 1945-1946.

scholarly journals The Unknown Document on the Struggle of the Soviet Power Bodies Against the OUN of the Melnykivskyi Direction on the Chernivtsi Region (16 May 1947)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vasyl I. Ilnytskyi ◽  
Nataliya J. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Support ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of

The article publishes and analyzes the document – a memo on the agency work on exposing and eliminating the underground of the OUN of the Melnykivskyi direction on the territory of Chernivtsi region (May 16, 1947) (Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine, f. 13: a collection of printed editions of the KGB of the USSR, case 372, vol. 62, pp. 253-262), which is an important document both for the history of the confrontation of the Soviet repressive-punitive system with the Ukrainian liberation movement and for the history of the OUN (m). According to the information potential, the published document is quite large. It reveals the peculiarities of the agency work of Soviet law enforcement agencies on the methods of detection and liquidation of the Melnikyvskyi underground in the Chernivtsi region. The document gives a brief history of the formation and operation of the OUN (m) during 1940 – 1946, lists the persons arrested. At the same time, it is noted that to May 16, 1947, 286 were under suspicion of belonging to the OUN (m), and the categories of cases these persons were mentioned (26 agent cases, 4 case forms, 8 preliminary agent developments, 248 list accounting). It also gives a brief overview of the agent cases (“Trizubivtsi”, “Musejnyky”, “Nedobyti”), case forms, preliminary agent developments that are under the jurisdiction of UMDB of Chernivtsi region. The published excerpts from the secretarial cases show the extent of the search work of the Soviet security forces and the complete possession of their information. The information was collected and updated periodically about underground people not only in the USSR but also abroad. The article shows that the Soviet security forces played a central role in work with the agency in the complex of anti-nationalist measures. However, despite the mass pressure, the use of brutal methods of combating the repressive-punitive bodies against the Ukrainian liberation movement, the underground continued to operate in the Carpathian region of the OUN and enjoyed widespread public support. In addition, the development of the OUN (m) was shown as a separate direction for the work of Soviet security agencies. Although the latter did not have a broad network of operating centers in Western Ukraine, its former members were considered potentially dangerous to the Soviet administration, and thus went into development. At the same time, the development and identification of melnykivtsi continued not only in Ukraine but also abroad. Keywords: OUN (m), agency, Chernivtsi region, repressive and punitive bodies.

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