scholarly journals Review on Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Salauddin Sk ◽  
◽  
Rony Mia ◽  
Md. Anamul Haque ◽  
Al Mojnun Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Environment Characteristic ◽  
Extraction Processes

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF VEGETABLE PEROXIDASE: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 692-703
Author(s):  
Aline HAAS ◽  
Cleiton VAZ ◽  
Aniela Pinto KEMPKA
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Purification Methods

Peroxidases are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of various substrates, maintaining their enzymatic activity in wide ranges of pH and temperatures. These enzymes are used in processes for the degradation of dyes and phenolic compounds. Peroxidases are present in the tissues of several plants, and the search for new sources of this enzyme is necessary. This literature review aims to compile information about the extraction and/or purification of peroxidases contained in different plant tissues, presenting extraction methods, purification processes, enzymatic activities and their increments, according to the chemical and physical processes applied. Several plant sources can be raw material to obtain these enzymes, through different forms of extraction, where the processes of comminution predominate in the presence of buffer solution. For partial purification, are used precipitation with solvents (acetone and ethanol) and salts (ammonium sulfate) and centrifugation. For purification, chromatographic processes are used, in which molecular exclusion and affinity chromatography are prominent. It is concluded that there is a wide range of possibilities for obtaining the enzyme peroxidase from plants, with variability in the enzymatic activity when different extraction methods are applied. The purification methods used provide increases in the specific activity of the peroxidases.

scholarly journals Plastic fuel Extraction from Various Waste Plastics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
World Population ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Production Cost

The rapid growth of the world population which leads to increase demand of plastic in many sectors such as construction, medical, engineering applications, automotive, aerospace and many food industries for packing purpose. These rapid populations of plastic create some serious issues to the environment and living beings. The plastics are non- degradable and emit poisonous gases during burning. In recent years, many researches being conducted to resolve the disposal issues of waste plastics and trying to convert it into useful products. The plastic is a material consists of any wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds, which are long molecules built around chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The conversion of waste plastics to hydrocarbon (HC) fuel is an effective idea for disposing of waste plastics. It will be controlled plastic population and fulfill the needs of petroleum fuel in the future. As per the survey, the fossil fuels run out earlier in 2088 due to drastic growth of automobiles and high production cost. The waste plastic contains hydrocarbon with calorific value of 41- 47MJ and it is almost equal to the calorific value of fossil fuels. There are many methods being used to extract liquid HC fuel from waste plastics and it has been reviewed elaborately in this paper. It also reviews composition of various plastics like polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene polystyrene and analyse their properties. In addition, it includes the selection of plastic and catalyst for extraction process, research gap in the existing extraction methods and the effect temperature and process timing on oil yield.

scholarly journals Current Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods and Their Implications to Point-of-Care Diagnostics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Ali ◽  
Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo ◽  
Alexandre Dias Tavares Costa ◽  
Marco Aurelio Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Nucleic Acid Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Working Principle

Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) plays a vital role in molecular biology as the primary step for many downstream applications. Many modifications have been introduced to the original 1869 method. Modern processes are categorized into chemical or mechanical, each with peculiarities that influence their use, especially in point-of-care diagnostics (POC-Dx). POC-Dx is a new approach aiming to replace sophisticated analytical machinery with microanalytical systems, able to be used near the patient, at thepoint of careorpoint of need. Although notable efforts have been made, a simple and effective extraction method is still a major challenge for widespread use of POC-Dx. In this review, we dissected the working principle of each of the most common NAE methods, overviewing their advantages and disadvantages, as well their potential for integration in POC-Dx systems. At present, it seems difficult, if not impossible, to establish a procedure which can be universally applied to POC-Dx. We also discuss the effects of the NAE chemicals upon the main plastic polymers used to mass produce POC-Dx systems. We end our review discussing the limitations and challenges that should guide the quest for an efficient extraction method that can be integrated in a POC-Dx system.

scholarly journals Comparison of microwave and conventional extraction methods for natural dyes in wood waste of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Selfina Gala ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Time Required

Natural dyes from mahogany are usually obtained by conventional extraction. This extraction process requires a large solvent, a long duration of the process so that the energy requirements are also higher. Therefore, the use of "green techniques" to extract natural dyes with a minimum of energy and solvent should be considered. One extraction method that has been developed is the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. In this work, the effects of microwave power, material to solvent ratio, and the heating time on the extraction results and the pigment components of the extract were examined. A comparison of the time required for reflux extraction and Soxhlet was also made. In microwave extraction, the highest yield was obtained at optimum extraction conditions such as microwave power of 600 W, the ratio of material to solvent of 0.02 g/mL, extraction time of 30 min. While for reflux and Soxhlet extraction, the extraction time needed to obtain optimum yield was 120 min and 720 min, respectively. Identification of compound components by the phytochemical test. Descriptions of the effects of microwave and conventional extraction are shown by damage to the surface structure of solid materials using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Avocado oil extraction processes: method for cold-pressed high-quality edible oil production versus traditional production

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Costagli ◽  
Matteo Betti
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Cold Pressed

Nowadays the avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) is widely regarded as an important fruit for its nutritional values, as it is rich in vital human nutrients. The avocado fruit is mainly sold fresh on the market, which however trades also a relevant quantity of second-grade fruits with a relatively high oil content. Traditionally, this oil is extracted from dried fruits by means of organic solvents, but a mechanical method is also used in general in locations where drying systems and/or solvent extraction units cannot be installed. These traditional processes yield a grade of oil that needs subsequent refining and is mainly used in the cosmetic industry. In the late 1990s, in New Zeland, a processing company with the collaboration of Alfa Laval began producing cold-pressed avocado oil (CPAO) to be sold as edible oil for salads and cooking. Over the last fifteen years, CPAO production has increased in many other countries and has led to an expansion of the market which is set to continue, given the growing interest in highquality and healthy food. Avocado oil like olive oil is extracted from the fruit pulp and in particular shares many principles of the extraction process with extra-vergin olive oil. We conducted a review of traditional and modern extraction methods with particular focus on extraction processes and technology for CPAO production.

scholarly journals Valorization Options of Strawberry Extrudate Agro-Waste. A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cubero-Cardoso ◽  
Antonio Serrano ◽  
Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes ◽  
Denys K. Villa-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Borja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

This review summarizes and critically analyzes the different types of potential valorization options for strawberry extrudate in order to have a broader overview of the potential management of this waste. Animal feed is commonly used as a management option for the strawberry extrudate; however, most of the strawberry extrudate is disposed in landfills. Strawberry extrudate contains different bioactive compounds that encourage the use of an alternative management approach than landfilled. The present review offers a complete comparative, including the advantages and drawbacks of each reviewed technique, to facilitate the selection of the most suitable technology for the different valorization scenarios. This review has been structured in three sections: 1. Composition of the strawberry extrudate and strawberry especially focused on their content in bioactive compounds. 2. The different techniques of extraction and purification of bioactive compounds. 3. The handling and management of the resulting biomass after the extraction process of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in immune regulation and immune diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzheng Nie ◽  
Bao Sun ◽  
Zhihui Fu ◽  
Dongsheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Typical Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

AbstractAminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play a vital role in protein synthesis by linking amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs). This typical function has been well recognized over the past few decades. However, accumulating evidence reveals that ARSs are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes apart from translation. Strikingly, certain ARSs are closely related to different types of immune responses. In this review, we address the infection and immune responses induced by pathogen ARSs, as well as the potential anti-infective compounds that target pathogen ARSs. Meanwhile, we describe the functional mechanisms of ARSs in the development of immune cells. In addition, we focus on the roles of ARSs in certain immune diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and tumor immunity. Although our knowledge of ARSs in the immunological context is still in its infancy, research in this field may provide new ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Protein Isolates from Legumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Jebitta B.Meena ◽  
Durga Devi P. R ◽  
Deva Dharshini L ◽  
Naga Sai Harika, Theerdham ◽  
Vignesh K
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Protein Isolates ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legume Proteins ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Legumes play an vital function in human body due to dietary fiber, protein, minerals and vitamins and well-balanced essential amino acid. Legume proteins have gained increasing significance because of preferred functional properties, including gelling and emulsifying properties. Legumes contains anti nutritional compounds like Trypsin inhibitor(TIs), Phytic acid(PA), Tannin, Saponin, Lectins, They are not a major concern for most people, but may become a problem during periods of malnutrition, these can be easily removed by dehulled, cooking, thermal process, germination after soaking. Protein isolates are advanced form of protein containing the greater amount of protein with greater digestibility. There are different types of protein isolates like chickpea, whey protein Pea protein, cowpea protein isolates .The extraction methods of protein isolates are Iso electric extraction and alkaline extraction, citric acid extraction. Our aim of this paper is to optimize the protein isolate for diet people and innovate research in this field to produce some protein enriched food formulations.

Evaluation of Resistant Starch Quality from Different Types of Banana in Batter Coating Formulation to Reduce Oil Absorption in Fried Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Formulation

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.

A Review of Different Techniques of Age Estimation from Human Face

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Khemchandra Patel ◽  
Dr. Kamlesh Namdev
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Missing Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Facial Age

Age changes cause major variations in the appearance of human faces. Due to many lifestyle factors, it is difficult to precisely predict how individuals may look with advancing years or how they looked with "retreating" years. This paper is a review of age variation methods and techniques, which is useful to capture wanted fugitives, finding missing children, updating employee databases, enhance powerful visual effect in film, television, gaming field. Currently there are many different methods available for age variation. Each has their own advantages and purpose. Because of its real life applications, researchers have shown great interest in automatic facial age estimation. In this paper, different age variation methods with their prospects are reviewed. This paper highlights latest methodologies and feature extraction methods used by researchers to estimate age. Different types of classifiers used in this domain have also been discussed.

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