INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CONDITIONS OF LIMITATIONS AND CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
IRYNA GONTAREVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Technological Literacy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Limitations

The report of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WJPO) for 2020 statistically confirms the connection between the global financial crises and falling spending on research and development. The purpose of this article is to systematize and content analysis of financial and information-cognitive limitations of the emergence and formation of innovative small businesses in crisis and post-crisis periods. The study shows that, first, the investment of the business sector in research and development is more stable than in government agencies. This is due to the fact that during the crisis the state is forced to expand the general support of the population and the most affected part of the business, including small businesses. Second, investment in research and development and innovation are the basis for further economic recovery and growth. Third, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy had not yet fully recovered from the 2008 financial crisis. This affects the innovative activity of small businesses. In the face of ongoing crises, small innovative enterprises face different types of constraints and barriers. In particular, it is the reduction of venture capital and the share of the state in the financing of research and development, as well as the transfer of knowledge on high-tech technologies. The government’s solution to the problem with the help of industrial parks requires a more detailed technological foresight analysis. In developed countries, in addition to the expert opinions of the scientific, business and political communities, the population is encouraged, taking into account their views on technology prospects and the state of the environment. Accordingly, sufficient technological literacy and cognitive ability of the population is assumed. Technological literacy of entrepreneurs who are going to use high-tech and especially breakthrough technologies must be above the amateur level. In the future, it is planned to conduct a content analysis of existing technological foresight forecasts.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF STATE SUPPORT EFFECTIVENESS FOR HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
I. V. Milkina ◽  
S. V. Lits
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
State Support ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Civil Sphere ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Technologies

The issue of the effectiveness of state support for sectors of the domestic economy, engaged in the development and production of products using high technologies, has been considered. Вased on the analysis of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of state support measures in this area, the conclusion has been made about the lack of effectiveness of this activity. It also has been concluded, that measures to support the domestic economy sectors related to its high-tech segment by the state are insufficient, which leads to backwardness of Russia behind the leading economically developed countries (the USA, Japan, Germany) in the development of high-tech industries of the civil sphere. This situation requires the adoption of measures to support and develop the high-tech segment of the domestic economy at the state level. The condition for increasing the effectiveness of measures of state support for the high-tech complex is to increase allocations for R&D in those industries whose products are able to compete with or surpass similar foreign models on an equal basis.

Intellectual specialization of entrepreneurship as a way of solving social and economic problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Tetyana Skrypko ◽  
Mariya Harasymlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Smart Specialization

Ukraine lags behind the developed countries in technological and economic spheres, by average income per capita, by renovation of production equipment, etc. Instead, comparatively high level of labour resources’ qualification and intellectual capacity remain to be the competitive advantage. Based on the theory of competitive advantages and current EU smart specialization strategy, it is possible to focus on technology-intensive industries oriented on exports to secure the countries’ sustainable development. The state of innovation activity of enterprises of industry, entrepreneurship sectors and regions is considered. The structure of the types of innovative activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises for 2010-2017 includes internal and external impacts, such as the purchase of equipment and software, training of employees, etc. Statistical, table, questionnaire, factor analysis methods were used. The comparative analysis provides an innovative index of Ukraine and its 10 components (human resources, attractive research systems, innovation friendly environment, finance and support, firm investments, innovators, linkages, intellectual assets, employment impacts, sales impacts) calculated by EU economic experts according to the methodology The European Innovation Scoreboard. Based on the answers of the managers of small businesses, the bottlenecks of innovation management are grounded: internal (qualifications of managers and specialists), limited financial resources, risk of activities diversification) and external (corruption, formal approach of authorities and institutional infrastructure). The paper proves the reasonability of the state policy of further investment development and stimulation of the IT sector due to its low material resources, proper system of education of specialists, legal support and fiscal policy. The record high growth rate of the information services market and the corresponding high-intellectual cluster of specialists allows predicting the integration of the national industry into the international division of labor from the angle of geopolitical smart specialization.

PROBLEMS OF PROMOTING RUSSIAN HIGH-TECH, INNOVATIVE AND OTHER PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TO FOREIGN MARKETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
B. G. KHAIROV ◽  
◽  
P. S. ZOTINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Domestic Products

The article covers the promotion of Russian high-tech, innovative and other products and services to foreign markets. The problems of promotion of domestic products abroad are considered in detail. The main directions of solutions to the identified problems are also presented. The work used: a content analysis of regulations and open information materials on the infrastructure for promoting Russian products in foreign markets, a historical retrospective. The article was prepared based on the results of studies carried out at the expense of budget allocations as part of the state task of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals International practices of using the cluster approach for the development of integration processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Eduard Karapetian
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
The State ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

The research paper considers the existing approaches to defining the essence of clusterization and clusters in foreign economies, and presents the analysis of conditions leading to the emergence and development of industrial clusters. Some practices of forming cluster structures in the developed countries are described. The role of industrial clusters in providing real economic growth and increasing efficiency of production is clarified. It is proved that using the cluster approach in Ukraine is a necessary foundation for a revival of regional manufacturing and thereby ensuring a high level of the national economy’s competitiveness. The aim of the article is to undertake an in-depth study of international concepts and axiomatic doctrines of integration processes on the basis of using the cluster approaches, which may become the foundation of applied research devoted to efficient functioning of industrial associations as a priority of structural modernization and acceleration of innovation and investment growth of the national manufacturing. The cluster approach has emerged from implementing a policy of foreign countries focused on the development of regions. Implementation of clustering in international activities clearly demonstrates its advancement and efficiency. An important factor of improving efficiency is the organizational factor associated with the regional association of manufacturers. The regions in whose territories clusters are formed become leaders in national economies and foreign economic relations. The study of the basic concepts of competition and global practices of business activities allows us to conclude that the theory of cluster mechanisms serves as a basis for establishing more successful firms and economic systems. Cluster systems combine the most effective and interconnected types of economic activity by grouping successfully competing firms that form the leading component of the whole economic system of the state and create competitive positions in the sectoral, national and global markets. The cluster approach, which was originally used to research issues of competitiveness of individual groups of enterprises, subsequently have become applicable in solving a wider range of tasks: the analysis of the competitiveness of the state, region, sector; as a basis of national manufacturing policy; as a basis for the interaction of big and small businesses.

scholarly journals Management of the Process of R & D Cost Formation in State Scientific and Educational Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
O. V. Losevaa ◽  
T. V. Tazikhina ◽  
M. A. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Maximum Price

Management of the process of research and development cost formation (hereinafter — R & D) in Russian scientific organizations and institutions of higher education is an urgent task in an environment where budget funding for research is reduced, and the universities themselves are interested in increasing their revenues from fundamental, applied research and experimental development. In addition, the rating of educational institutions, their competitiveness in the market of intellectual services, including, depends on the number of successfully implemented together with business partners of innovative projects that are based on research and development, the number of commercialized results of intellectual activity (hereinafter-R&D) and concluded state contracts. Methods of algorithmization, modeling, calculation coefficients, expert estimates, determination of the initial (maximum) price of the contract have been used. Research result: Two models of research performance cost formation by the educational and scientific organizations are presented: 1) on the state task; 2) on other types of R&D. In the first case, the model is based on the allocated subsidy for the implementation of the state task, adjusted for the coefficient of labor intensity increase, which is calculated on the basis of the criteria of scientific, technical and consumer efficiency of research. The final labor intensity increase coefficient is a rating of the application of a particular creative team to perform research. In the second case, the fundamental element of value formation is the initial (maximum) price of the contract, which can be determined on the basis of cost, comparative or income approach, as well as (in the case of the state customer) by summing tax revenues to the budgets of all levels from the production and sale of high-tech products. The total value is defined as the minimum value of the contract prices calculated by different methods. The developed models of value formation can be used to build a methodology for determining the cost of R&D

Environmental and Economic Concept of Innovative Breakthrough: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of State Personnel Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
M. Fridman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Socio Economic Development

This article is devoted to the most important issue of ensuring an innovative breakthrough in socio-economic development in the context of the formation of the information society against the background of the deployment of the sixth technological order. Today, humanity is entering a completely new era, characterized by a fundamentally different system of social relations, values and meanings. The transition to a multipolar world model aggravates the competition of developed countries, on the one hand, and weakens the role of the state in the life of society, on the other. Globalization abolishes borders, eliminates inequalities, and at the same time deprives entire peoples of their national, cultural, and linguistic identity, and erases historical memory. Sustainable development - a concept championed by the progressive world community-requires an innovative breakthrough not only on the scale of individual countries, but also on a broader, planetary scale. This article is an attempt to answer the question of whose forces this innovative breakthrough should be achieved. The article deals with one of the most urgent and important problems – the development of a new theoretical and methodological basis for the development of the state system of personnel support for innovative breakthroughs in the context of the deployment of the sixth technological order against the background of the greening of public and, in particular, economic relations. Taking into account the fact that at the present stage of the development of civilization, humanity has come to understand the limited resources of the planet, the world is faced with the inevitability of making strategic decisions related to long-term innovative advanced balanced socio-economic development and aimed at overcoming global problems that threaten the continued existence of man as a biological species. The intensive development of high-tech technologies in the context of entering the sixth technological order accelerates the reduction of the planet's life potential, so it is extremely important to make production as environmentally friendly and economical as possible, to reduce consumption and, consequently, to reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources. It is almost impossible to achieve this without the organization of a proper system of personnel support, so it is extremely important today to determine the role and place of the state in solving this task.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMIC BREAKTHROUGH OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Olha ILYASH ◽  
◽  
Ruslan KOLISHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Smart Governance

In order to systematize the experience of public policies of economic breakthrough in developed countries and consider the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine, the prospects for attracting the best foreign practices of public policy are identified, strategic objectives to improve its quality to ensure Ukraine's economic breakthrough in a global dynamic environment are outlined. It is substantiated that an economic breakthrough is possible due to a triad of program measures of public policy based on smart governance (economic strategy, favorable conditions for business; institutional framework of policy), which will ensure the implementation of smart governance technology in public policy in the face of growing global challenges and dynamic change. Systematization of state policies of economic breakthrough of world leaders of sustainable development, in particular the USA, Canada, Japan, China, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Finland, Sweden, France, Germany, revealed a number of policies of breakthrough technologies, stimulation of innovation development and support of high-tech development of the state. The author's system of indicators for assessing the quality of state policy of world leaders (index of corruption perception, ensuring the stability of state policy of economic systems, quality of transport infrastructure and electricity supply, adaptation of the legal framework to digital business models, government responsibility for changes in customs tariffs and long-term vision), which ensured the selected countries of the world with a high efficiency of public policy compared to Ukraine, is proposed. Recommendations for public authorities aimed at developing the main directions of Ukraine's economic breakthrough to improve the quality of public policy in a dynamic global environment are prepared. The priority directions of the policy of economic breakthrough and intensification of the state policy of ensuring the economy of prosperity and economic growth in Ukraine are outlined, substantiated by foreign experience and applied analysis of critical state-building factors of strengthening economic problems in the country.

scholarly journals SCIENCE INTENSITY AND INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE BUILDING ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sergeevich Abrashkin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Personnel Cost

The article presents the research of knowledge intensity and innovative development of the mechanical engineering enterprises. The development degree of mechanical engineering is a measure of industrialization of the world economy. The level of implementing the advanced technologies and innovations into production activity of the mechanical engineering enterprises has been found not to meet the criterion of progress, which current rates concede to economies of the developed countries. Fragmentation approaches to identify sectors hamper revealing and justifying the knowledge-based mechanical engineering and requires the criteria concretization for this sub-sector. The identifying criteria for high-tech machinery should be taken from the other economic branches, such as personnel, cost, process, product, technology, complex or integral. In international practice, high-tech industries are referred to the service sector. It has been stated that the current practice involves using the category of “knowledge intensity” as applied to production and should be explained by the wrong interpretation from foreign publications, as well as by the concept of “capacity”, which in this case acts as a measure of consumption of the results of science, research and development. In terms of the industry criterion, the science-intensive engineering enterprises should include machine-tool construction, electrical engineering, instrumentation, aircraft engineering and rocket and space engineering, which have a significant research and development reserve in the production. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that the development of science-intensive engineering enterprises requires attracting investment, expanding the scope of research and development and production, improving approaches to state regulation of the industry, as well as taking into account trends in global development and the rate of technological inflation. The need to stimulate the demand for high-tech engineering products by improving their quality and competitiveness, organizational and economic measures, updating technology and improving the reproductive function that provides these processes has been proved.

scholarly journals ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Ruzanova ◽  
Valentyna Sharmanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task

The article states that the state of the modern small business is characterized by negative financial and economic and social indicators. The negative impact on the development of this sector with military clashes and conflicts. Therefore, there is need for reform and renewal of the state mechanism to support small businesses, taking into account the negative factors of the environment. The purpose of the article is to examine the characteristics of development at the small business in Ukraine under present conditions, analysis of the major deficiencies and determine the prospects of small businesses. Determined that there is a clear relationship trends and trends in small business of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that in European countries is dominated by small and medium enterprises, their share in the total number of enterprises is 99.8%, two-thirds of the employed population (65.8%) are employed in small and mediumsized enterprises, 58.8% of the annual turnover in Europe and accounts for this sector. However, small businesses Ukraine missed its development potential and does not perform assigned tasks. This is due to insufficient attention of local authorities in this sector, namely the lack of permanent tracked the development of such enterprises; imperfect administrative support; inefficient infrastructure software and more. In this regard, it is necessary to find innovative means of administrative support and market conditions such enterprises unstable environment. The main task of the Ukrainian authorities is, first, to carry out regulatory reform, which will create a qualitatively new system of state regulation that will protect both entrepreneurs and consumers. Secondly, it is necessary to reduce the number of permits for doing business, as Ukraine lags behind in this component. Third, it is necessary to create a state credit guarantee institution in order to encourage commercial banks to lend to small businesses with minimal financial risk. Having analyzed the state and dynamics of the general parameters of small business in Ukraine, it should be noted that they do not meet the needs of the Ukrainian economy. The development of small business in Ukraine is much lower than in developed countries. During a coronavirus pandemic, where most small businesses have either closed or are not operating at full capacity, government assistance is important.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE-INVESTMENT BASES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlena Garashchuk ◽  
Vira Kutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article notes that in modern conditions, an important direction of ensuring socio-economic development is its transition to innovative models, which should cover all reproduction processes. Ukraine proclaimed a course on innovative development. However, in terms of the coefficient of innovative development, our country is significantly behind not only highly developed countries, but also from Poland and the Baltic countries. And, unfortunately, this gap is growing. The authors cite the reasons for this situation, in particular the lack of a national innovation system in Ukraine. The article presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing the processes of development and implementation of innovative products. Among them are goods, services, technological processes and the like. The presence of a significant differentiation of indicators characterizing the level of innovative activity, namely: from 55.7% among enterprises in the field of pharmaceutical products and preparations to 3.3% in the field of water supply, sewage, waste management, is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the disclosure of factors that can ensure the transformation of Ukraine into a high-tech society based on an innovative model. This should be facilitated by the availability of appropriate resources, including human resources. It is noted that in Ukraine the number of workers who are engaged in research and development is decreasing. And this trend is characteristic of almost all branches of science, except for medical ones. The greatest decline is characteristic of the technical branches of science, which, of course, negatively affects the introduction of an innovative model of socio-economic development. A negative indicator in this context is the deterioration of the age structure of researchers: the number of employees involved in the implementation of scientific research and development under the age of 25 is quite low and high enough at the age of 65 and older. This is a threat to the intellectual continuity of generations, the loss of scientific schools, the scientific and personnel potential of the country. Improving the material and technical and personnel component of innovation, in turn, requires further strengthening of the financial and investment potential, which can be achieved not only by increasing the state budget for these purposes, but also by attracting funds from outside and by effectively managing the use of existing financial resources.

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