scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI LIMBAH UDANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mahyudin A. R ◽  
Rahmat Yuliandri ◽  
Amry Syawaalz
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Shrimp Sample ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Insulating Phase ◽  
The Way

Isolation and Characterization of Chitin From Shrimp Waste           Chitin is a natural biopolymer that is widespread in nature and the second abundance only to cellulose organic compounds are available in the earth. In general, in nature chitin are not included in the free state, but binds to the protein, mineral and pigment in various animal skeletons group of arthropoda, annelida, mollusk, coelenterata, nematodes, insects, and some classes of fungi and the  organic constituent part is very important. Average shrimp shell contains 25-40% protein, 40-50% CaCO3 and 15-20% chitin, but the magnitude of the component content is still dependent on species and habitats. Although chitin is widespread in nature, but the main source that can be utilized as a source of chitin is the use of shrimp waste. This is because the shrimp waste easily obtained in large quantities that can be produced commercially. The purpose of this study was to determine how the isolation of chitin from shrimp waste by chemical processes and their characterization and compare in detail the content of chitin found in the head, body and tail skin of the shrimp. In addition, to determine the effect of insulating phases of chitin to chitin produced. This study is an experimental research by isolation of chitin in the head, body and tail skin of the shrimp. In the early stages of shrimp waste preparation where the head and skin of the body and tail of each shrimp was separated, cleaned, dried, and milled. Chitin isolation process is done by two ways in which the first stage on the way deproteination done first and subsequent demineralization stages. While in the second stage of demineralization way done first, followed deproteination stage. In phase deproteinasi  NaOH  1N solution with a ratio of 1: 10 (by weight of shrimp sample: NaOH 1N). This process was carried out at a temperature of 65oC for three hours. While in the process of demineralization using HCl 2N solution and soaked for 2 hours with a comparison between the  shells samples with HCl used are 1: 15. After that just do the bleaching process. Each repetition of the way done twice. Research results show that the insulating phase difference of chitin used apparently affect the yield and ash content obtained, where the first way yield of chitin and ash content  obtained was higher yield compared to the results obtained of the latter, while the drying process was done would affect water levels  obtained. In the solubility test, partially chitin produced solved in LiCl or dimethylacetamide. Overall chitin obtained meet the requirements of the specification of commercial chitin. In addition, from the head, the skin of the body and the tail of shrimp the higest chitin content ever found was on the skin of the bodyKey words : Isolation, Characterization, Chitin, and Shrimp Waste ABSTRAK           Kitin adalah biopolimer alami yang tersebar luas di alam dan merupakan senyawa organik kedua setelah selulosa yang sangat melimpah di bumi. Pada umumnya kitin di alam tidak terdapat dalam keadaan bebas, akan tetapi berikatan dengan protein, mineral dan berbagai macam pigmen pada kerangka hewan golongan Arthropoda, Annelida, Molusca, Coelenterata, Nematoda, beberapa kelas serangga serta jamur dan merupakan bagian konstituen organik yang sangat penting. Rata-rata kulit udang mengandung 25-40% protein, 40-50% CaCO3 dan 15-20% kitin, tetapi besarnya kandungan komponen tersebut juga masih tergantung kepada spesies dan habitat. Walaupun kitin tersebar luas di alam, akan tetapi sumber utama yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kitin adalah penggunaan limbah udang. Hal ini dikarenakan limbah udang mudah diperoleh dalam jumlah banyak sehingga dapat diproduksi secara komersial.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cara isolasi kitin dari limbah udang dengan proses kimia beserta karakterisasinya dan membandingkan secara terperinci kandungan kitin yang terdapat pada bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari tahapan isolasi kitin terhadap kitin yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan melakukan isolasi kitin pada bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang. Pada tahap awal dilakukan preparasi limbah udang dimana bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang masing-masing dipisahkan dan dibersihkan, lalu dikeringkan dan digiling. Proses isolasi kitin dilakukan dengan dengan dua cara dimana pada cara pertama tahap deproteinasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu dan berikutnya tahap demineralisasi. Sementara pada cara kedua tahap demineralisasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu, lalu diikuti tahap deproteinasi. Pada tahap deproteinasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 1N dengan perbandingan 1 : 10 (berat sampel kulit udang : NaOH 1N). Proses ini dilakukan pada suhu 65oC selama tiga jam. Sementara pada proses demineralisasi menggunakan larutan HCl 2N dan direndam selama 2 jam dengan perbandingan antara sampel kulit udang dengan HCl yang digunakan adalah 1 : 15. Setelah itu baru dilakukan proses pemutihan. Masing-masing cara dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak dua kali. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tahap isolasi kitin yang digunakan ternyata berpengaruh terhadap rendemen hasil dan kadar abu yang didapatkan, dimana pada cara pertama rendemen hasil kitin dan kadar abu yang didapatkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rendemen hasil yang didapatkan pada cara kedua, sedangkan proses pengeringan yang dilakukan akan berpengaruh terhadap kadar air yang didapatkan. Pada uji kelarutan, kitin yang dihasilkan larut sebagian dengan  LiCl atau dimetilasetamida. Secara keseluruhan kitin yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan dari spesifikasi kitin niaga. Selain itu dari bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang kandungan kitin terbanyak terdapat pada kulit bagian badanKata kunci : Isolasi, karakterisasi, kitin, dan limbah udang

scholarly journals Mobilizing the Sense of “Fat”: A Phenomenological Materialist Approach

Human Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Slatman
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
The Way ◽  
Phenomenological Exploration

AbstractThis paper aims to mobilize the way we think and write about fat bodies while drawing on Jean-Luc Nancy’s philosophy of the body. I introduce Nancy’s approach to the body as an addition to contemporary new materialism. His philosophy, so I argue, offers a form of materialism that allows for a phenomenological exploration of the body. As such, it can help us to understand the lived experiences of fat embodiment. Additionally, Nancy’s idea of the body in terms of a “corpus”—a collection of pieces without a unity—together with his idea of corpus-writing—fragmentary writing, without head and tail—can help us to mobilize fixed meanings of fat. To apply Nancy’s conceptual frame to a concrete manifestation of fat embodiment, I provide a reading of Roxane Gay’s memoir Hunger (2017). In my analysis, I identify how the materiality of fat engenders the meaning of embodiment, and how it shapes how a fat body can and cannot be a body. Moreover, I propose that Gay’s writing style—hesitating and circling – involves an example of corpus-writing. The corpus of corpulence that Gay has created gives voice to the precariousness of a fat body's materialization.

Generation Z: The Purchase Intention of Green Skin Care Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Ying San, Lim ◽  
Phing Cai ◽  
Andy Hong ◽  
Tuan Hock, Ng ◽  
Ying Zhee, Lim
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Skin Care Products ◽  
The Way

The cosmetics and toiletry industry has growing up very fast. In 2016, the total global revenue cosmetics industry amounted to USD$444 billion. According to Lee, Goh, & Noor ( 2019), the skincare products dominated the cosmetics and toiletry market with a market value of approximately USD$ 120 billion. Between 2012 and 2019, the global skincare market expanded by 41.8 percent, and by 2025, it is expected to be worth $189 billion (Ledesma, 2020). The skin is the largest organ in the body, hence, many people will find ways to protect it, one of the way people are using to protect the skin is to apply any supplement on skin to keep the good condition of the skin. However, according to Cunningham (2014), the used of chemical items in the cosmetic skin care industry is extremely unregulated. For example, Parabens that cause breast cancer are found in cosmetics. The chemical used in the skin care products had rise the attention of the users to start to pay attention on the ingredient of the skin care products. One of the way people are using in order to avoid the harmful chemical in skin care products is to to choose skin care with natural ingredient (Espitia, 2020), this happend especially among the younger consumers (Boon et al., 2020; Hsu et al.,2017). The green skincare industry is growing rapidly. Green skin care, according to previous studies (Fauzi & Hashim, 2015; Hsu et al., 2017), is any skin care products which can preserve or enhance the natural environment by conserving energy or resources and decreasing or eliminating the usage of harmful agents, pollution, and waste. Studies showed there is an increasing in the consumption of green skincare products and toiletries by 45%, from a peak of RM 1.6 billion (in 1998) to RM 2.2 billion (in 2010), with sales estimated to exceed $1.1 billion in 2010 among young people (Boon et al., 2020). Keywords: Green Skin Care, Generation Z, Theory Of Planned Behaviour

Wicked Mysteries and Notorious Conjurors: Magic, Rape, and Violence in Two Early Modern Pamphlets

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-551
Author(s):  
Laura Levine
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The Way

Toward the end of the 1628 pamphlet A Briefe Description of the Notorious Life of Iohn Lambe, the pamphleteer describes the violence a crowd inflicts on John Lambe, a cunning man who dabbled in the dark arts. This violence, ultimately fatal, seems to be a response to Lambe's rape of an eleven-year-old child, a rape which he is convicted of but ultimately pardoned for. Earlier in his career, however, Lambe is indicted for using magic to disable the body of a gentleman as well as for invoking evil spirits. What connection exists between the charges against Lambe as a witch and magician and the charges against him as a rapist? This essay argues that long before Lambe gives those around him a basis for violence, he triggers anxieties about what he is, and that these anxieties play a role in the violence against him. The text of A Briefe Description demonstrates the way mechanisms of justice ultimately repeat—reenact and perform—versions of the crimes they seek to examine.

The Justified Body: Hauerwas, Luther and the Christian Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Justin Nickel
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Sacramental Theology ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Stanley Hauerwas ◽  
The One ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
Ethical Significance ◽  
The Way

Stanley Hauerwas and others argue that Luther’s understanding of justification denies the theological and ethical significance of the body. Indeed, the inner, spiritual person is the one who experiences God’s grace in the gospel, while the outer, physical (read: bodily) person continues to live under law and therefore coercion and condemnation. While not denying that Luther can be so read, I argue that there is another side of Luther, one that recognizes the body’s importance for Christian life. I make this argument through a close reading of Luther’s reflections on Adam and Eve’s Fall in his Lectures on Genesis (1545) and the sacramental theology in ‘Against the Heavenly Prophets’. For this Luther, disconnection from our bodies is not a sign of justification but rather the sin from which justification saves us. Accordingly, justification results in a return to embodied creatureliness as the way we receive and live our justification.

The Missing Piece

Divine Bodies ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Candida R. Moss
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Scholarship ◽  
The Way

The resurrection of the body is a key place to think about who we are and which facets of ourselves are integral to ourselves. The introduction to this book places the resurrection of the body within the context of ancient anxieties about the self: What makes us who we are? It also reviews the history of scholarship on this question and traces the way that ideas about resurrection have been divorced from broader thinking about the self.

scholarly journals The brain as a fundamental axis in learning process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza ◽  
María Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Learning Schemes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Way

Since the beginning of humanity, an attempt has been made to explain the way in which man acquires knowledge, the way in which he assimilates, processes and executes it in order to develop the teaching-learning process that people need throughout of his life, which forces to change the learning schemes using new study methodologies, such as neuroscience, which is a discipline that studies the functioning of the brain, the relationship of neurons to the formation of synapses creating immediate responses which transmits to the body voluntarily and involuntarily, in addition to controlling the central and peripheral nervous system with their respective functions. It is necessary to change the traditional scheme and implement new strategies that allow the teacher to venture into neuroscience, in order to individually understand the different learning processes that students do. As some authors of neuroscience say, the brain performs processes of acquisition, storage and evocation of information, which form new knowledge schemes that generate changes in the attitude of the human being, for this reason teachers are responsible for taking advantage of what It is known about the multiple functions of the brain and be clear about the various ways of acquiring knowledge.

scholarly journals LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CUERPO EN LA NOCIÓN DE PERSONA ENTRE MAYAS ACTUALES DE OXCHUC, CHAMULA Y CHENALHÓ, CHIAPAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Jaime Tomás Page Pliego
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Common Foundation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way

Suele asumirse que la noción de persona es igual entre los pueblos de tsotsiles y tesltales de los Altos de Chiapas. Sin embargo, su configuración varía sustancialmente, sin perder la base que los une. Este trabajo trata sobre las diferencias y similitudes que se presentan en el concepto denominado complejo persona en tres municipios: Oxchuc —de habla tseltal—, Chamula y Chenalhó —de habla tsotsil—, y en forma destacada sobre la importancia del cuerpo en dicho concepto. Asimismo, se abordan las variaciones que se han suscitado en torno a esa noción a partir de 1940, bajo la incidencia de la escalada proselitista cristiana. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BODY WITHIN THE COMPLEX OF THE NOTION OF PERSONHOOD AMONG CONTEMPORARY MAYANS FROM OXCHUC, CHAMULA AND CHENALHÓ IN CHIAPAS STATE There is a tendency to assume that the Tsotsil and Tseltal communities in the Chiapas Highlands (Altos de Chiapas) share the same notion of personhood. However, the way this notion is constructed does vary substantially without losing a common foundation. This piece of research deals with the similarities and differences present in the concept of personhood complex in three different municipalities: Oxchuc —a tseltal-speaking community—, Chamula and Chenalhó —tsotsil-speaking communities—, and emphasizes the importance of the body in this concept. It also addresses the permutations that have emerged around this notion since 1940, under the escalating influence of Christian proselytism.

scholarly journals El Cuerpo como Fábrica y el Cirujano como su Arquitecto / The Body as a Factory and the Surgeon as its Architect

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Pera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Human Body ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Expiration Date ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTIf the human body is really a fabric, should surgeons be considered architects, as some surgeons describe themselves today? The author raises and analyzes this question, and he concludes that vsurgeons cannot be considered as such: the architect is the creator of his work —fabric or building—, but the surgeon is not the creator of this complex biological fabric —vulnerable and subject to deterioration and with an expiration date— which is the human body. This body is the object upon which his hands and instruments operate. The surgeon cures and heals wounds, immobilizes and aligns fractured bones in order to facilitate their good and timely repair, and cuts open the body’s surface in order to reach its internal organs. He also explores the body with his hands or instruments, destroys and reconstructs its ailing parts, substitutes vital organs taken from a donor’s foreign body, designs devices or prostheses, and replaces body parts, such as arteries and joints, that are damaged or worn out. In today’s culture, dominated by the desire to perfect the body, other surgeons keep retouching its aging façade, looking for an iconic and timeless beauty. This longing can drive, sometimes, to surgical madness. The surgeon is not capable of putting into motion, from scratch, a biological fabric such as the human body. Thus, he can’t create the subject of his work in the way that an architect can create a building. In contrast, the surgeon restores the body’s deteriorated or damaged parts and modifies the appearance of the body’s façade.RESUMEN¿Si el cuerpo humano fuera realmente una fábrica, podría el cirujano ser considerado su arquitecto, como algunos se pregonan en estos tiempos? Esta es la cuestión planteada por el autor y, a tenor de lo discurrido, su respuesta es negativa: porque así como el arquitecto es el artífice de su obra —fábrica o edificio— el cirujano no es el artífice de la complejísima fábrica biológica —vulnerable, deteriorable y caducable— que es el cuerpo humano, la cual le es dada como objeto de las acciones de sus manos y de sus instrumentos. El cirujano cura y restaña sus heridas, alinea e inmoviliza sus huesos fracturados para que su reparación llegue a buen término, penetra por sus orificios naturales o dibuja sobre la superficie corporal incisiones que le permitan llegar a sus entrañas, las explora con sus manos o mediante instrumentos, destruye y reconstruye sus partes enfermas, sustituye órganos vitales que no le ayudan a vivir por los extraídos de cuerpos donantes, y concibe, diseña y hace fabricar artefactos o prótesis, como recambio fragmentos corporales deteriorados o desgastados, como arterias o articulaciones. Otros cirujanos, en la predominante cultura de la modificación del cuerpo, retocan una y otra vez su fachada envejecida ineludiblemente por el paso del tiempo, empeñados en la búsqueda incesante de una belleza icónica y mediática e intemporal, una pretensión que puede conducir, y a veces conduce, al desvarío quirúrgico. En definitiva, el cirujano es incapaz de poner de pie, ex novo, una fábrica biológica como la del cuerpo humano y, por lo tanto, no puede ser su artífice, como lo es el arquitecto de su edificio. A lo sumo, es el restaurador de sus entrañas deterioradas y el modificador de su fachada, de su apariencia.

scholarly journals SUBJETIVAÇÕES RIZOMÁTICAS E A IDEIA DE CORPO SEM ÓRGÃOS EM A FÚRIA DO CORPO, DE JOÃO GILBERTO NOLL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-275
Author(s):  
Francisca Gilmara da Silva Almiro ◽  
Roniê Rodrigues da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Body ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Body Without Organs ◽  
The Way

O trabalho apresenta uma leitura da obra A Fúria do corpo, de João Gilberto Noll, a partir dos conceitos de Corpo sem Órgãos e Rizoma propostos pelos filósofos franceses Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Nesse sentido, objetiva estudar a construção identitária das personagens da referida narrativa, estabelecendo uma associação com essas noções filosóficas, problematizando, sobretudo, a errância das personagens e a linguagem utilizada para a composição da obra. Ao longo da leitura crítica, destacaremos como o texto de Noll nos desafia à construção de sentidos através de uma subjetividade constituída a partir de linhas de fuga, ideia discutida pelos filósofos supracitados. Ao adentrarmos no texto ficcional pelo viés de tais linhas, é possível entender como as personagens percebem e vivem suas experimentações rizomáticas. Desse modo, não se pretende aqui atribuir sentidos fechados à narrativa, mas sugerir que o Corpo sem Órgãos e o Rizoma são características que representam as experiências errantes das personagens encontradas na escrita de Noll. Palavras-chave: Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea. João Gilberto Noll. Identidade. Corpo sem Órgãos. Rizoma. THE RHIZOME AND THE IDEA OF BODY WITHOUT ORGANS IN THE FURY OF THE BODY, BY JOÃO GILBERTO NOLL Abstract: This paper presents a reading of The Fury of the Body, by João Gilberto Noll, based on the concepts of Body without Organs and Rhizome proposed by French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. It aims to study the characters’ identity construction, establishing an association with these philosophical notions, exploring, especially, the characters’ wandering nature and the language used in the composition of the work. Throughout this critical reading, emphasis will be given on the way Noll’s text challenge us to construct directions through a subjectivity built from escape lines, a concept defined by Deleuze and Guattari. By reading the narrative through these lenses, it is possible to understand how the characters perceive and live their rhizomatic trials. Thus, the intention here is not to attribute closed meanings to the narrative, but to suggest that the Body without Organs and the Rhizome are features that represent the characters’ wandering experiences in The Fury of the Body. Keywords: Contemporary Brazilian Literature. João Gilberto Noll. Identity. Body without Organs. Rhizome.

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