The Effects of Physical Exertion According to the Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) on the Speed of Lactic Acid Elimination in Futsal Players

To identify the genetic diversity of futsal players in Al Hilla Sports Club for the season (2020-2021) after they were exposed to physical exertion by testing lactic mlss in the speed of recovery and elimination of lactic acid. The main experiment included two phases. The first is knowledge of the genetic diversity of the players. The first advanced level of this gene reached (5 players), the middle level (4 players), and the low level of the gene (3 players), and the second stage Of the experiment is to measure the searched variable (lactic acid) for all levels of the gene and to detect players who have a rapid elimination of lactic acid products. The experiment lasted for (2 months) and the most important conclusions were the high level of the MCT1 gene, the speed of elimination of lactic acid in the working muscles. There is a discrepancy between the hospitalization and the exercises. It appeared that the players who belong to this level have slow recovery Very compared to other levels, and this indicates that they are tired quickly. The players of this level have the advantage of quickly getting rid of lactic acid and recovering recovery compared to the low level, and they show less fatigue than the low level. The speed of elimination of lactic acid is less than the speed of its production, which facilitates the transfer of lactate from the working muscle to the blood and speed to get rid of it. Increasingly intense physical exertion affects the variation in the MCT1 gene level. The players at the high level of the MCT 1 gene showed an advantage in the speed of elimination of lactic acid production compared to the low and medium levels.

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Inhibitory effect of tumor cell–derived lactic acid on human T cells

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2006-07-035972 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 109 (9) ◽

pp. 3812-3819 ◽

Cited By ~ 695

Author(s):

Karin Fischer ◽

Petra Hoffmann ◽

Simon Voelkl ◽

Norbert Meidenbauer ◽

Julia Ammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Tumor Spheroids ◽

Activated T Cells ◽

Monocarboxylate Transporter 1

Abstract A characteristic feature of tumors is high production of lactic acid due to enhanced glycolysis. Here, we show a positive correlation between lactate serum levels and tumor burden in cancer patients and examine the influence of lactic acid on immune functions in vitro. Lactic acid suppressed the proliferation and cytokine production of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) up to 95% and led to a 50% decrease in cytotoxic activity. A 24-hour recovery period in lactic acid–free medium restored CTL function. CTLs infiltrating lactic acid–producing multicellular tumor spheroids showed a reduced cytokine production. Pretreatment of tumor spheroids with an inhibitor of lactic acid production prevented this effect. Activated T cells themselves use glycolysis and rely on the efficient secretion of lactic acid, as its intracellular accumulation disturbs their metabolism. Export by monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) depends on a gradient between cytoplasmic and extracellular lactic acid concentrations and consequently, blockade of MCT-1 resulted in impaired CTL function. We conclude that high lactic acid concentrations in the tumor environment block lactic acid export in T cells, thereby disturbing their metabolism and function. These findings suggest that targeting this metabolic pathway in tumors is a promising strategy to enhance tumor immunogenicity.

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Improvement of Lactic Acid Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Cell Sorting for High Intracellular pH

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00683-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 5492-5499 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Minoska Valli ◽

Michael Sauer ◽

Paola Branduardi ◽

Nicole Borth ◽

Danilo Porro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Intracellular Ph ◽

Cell Sorting ◽

Acid Production ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Low Ph ◽

The Mean ◽

High Level ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenases

ABSTRACT Yeast strains expressing heterologous l-lactate dehydrogenases can produce lactic acid. Although these microorganisms are tolerant of acidic environments, it is known that at low pH, lactic acid exerts a high level of stress on the cells. In the present study we analyzed intracellular pH (pHi) and viability by staining with cSNARF-4F and ethidium bromide, respectively, of two lactic-acid-producing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CEN.PK m850 and CEN.PK RWB876. The results showed that the strain producing more lactic acid, CEN.PK m850, has a higher pHi. During batch culture, we observed in both strains a reduction of the mean pHi and the appearance of a subpopulation of cells with low pHi. Simultaneous analysis of pHi and viability proved that the cells with low pHi were dead. Based on the observation that the better lactic-acid-producing strain had a higher pHi and that the cells with low pHi were dead, we hypothesized that we might find better lactic acid producers by screening for cells within the highest pHi range. The screening was performed on UV-mutagenized populations through three consecutive rounds of cell sorting in which only the viable cells within the highest pHi range were selected. The results showed that lactic acid production was significantly improved in the majority of the mutants obtained compared to the parental strains. The best lactic-acid-producing strain was identified within the screening of CEN.PK m850 mutants.

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Synthesis and initial screening of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor activity of 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77056-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dicky Annas ◽

Se-Yun Cheon ◽

Mohammad Yusuf ◽

Sung-Jin Bae ◽

Ki-Tae Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Aerobic Glycolysis ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

High Level

AbstractCancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Many cancer cells produce ATP through high-level lactic acid fermentation catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid. LDH plays a dominant role in the Warburg effect, wherein aerobic glycolysis is favored over oxidative phosphorylation. Due to the high lactic acid production level in cancer cells, LDH-targeting could be a potential cancer treatment strategy. A few approaches, such as drug treatment, reportedly inhibited LDH activity. In this study, we describe new 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives that might be potential small molecule candidates for LDHA inhibition. The synthesis was carried out by trans-esterification between aryl ester and alcohol groups from piperonyl alcohol. Compounds 2 and 10 exhibited a selective LDHA IC50 value of 13.63 µM and 47.2 µM, respectively. Whereas only compound 10 showed significant cytotoxicity in several lines of cancer cells, especially in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. These synthesized compounds possess 2 aromatic rings and –CF3 moiety, which expectedly contributes to LDHA inhibition. The presented products have the potential to become a promising LDHA inhibitor drug candidate.

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Robust Bipedal Locomotion Based on a Hierarchical Control Structure

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574719000237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 1750-1767 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jianwen Luo ◽

Yao Su ◽

Lecheng Ruan ◽

Ye Zhao ◽

Donghyun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Center Of Pressure ◽

Center Of Mass ◽

Hierarchical Control ◽

Middle Level ◽

Smooth Transition ◽

Whole Body ◽

Joint Torques ◽

Low Level ◽

Hybrid Controller ◽

High Level

SummaryTo improve biped locomotion’s robustness to internal and external disturbances, this study proposes a hierarchical structure with three control levels. At the high level, a foothold sequence is generated so that the Center of Mass (CoM) trajectory tracks a planned path. The planning procedure is simplified by selecting the midpoint between two consecutive Center of Pressure (CoP) points as the feature point. At the middle level, a novel robust hybrid controller is devised to drive perturbed system states back to the nominal trajectory within finite cycles without chattering. The novelty lies in that the hybrid controller is not subject to linear CoM dynamic constraints. The hybrid controller consists of two sub-controllers: an oscillation controller and a smoothing controller. For the oscillation controller, the desired CoM height is specified as a sine-shaped function, avoiding a new attractive limit cycle. However, this controller results in the inevitable chattering because of discontinuities. A smoothing controller provides continuous properties and thus can inhibit the chattering problem, but has a smaller region of attraction compared with the oscillation controller. A hybrid controller merges the two controllers for a smooth transition. At the low level, the desired CoM motion is defined as tasks and embedded in a whole body operational space (WBOS) controller to compute the joint torques analytically. The novelty of the low-level controller lies in that within the WBOS framework, CoM motion is not subject to fixed CoM dynamics and thus can be generalized.

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Cloud: a computer program to calculate the fractional cover and optical depth of high-level, middle-level, low-level, and convective cloud

Computers & Geosciences ◽

10.1016/0098-3004(89)90128-3 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1163-1167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael P. Morassutti

Keyword(s):

Computer Program ◽

Optical Depth ◽

Convective Cloud ◽

Middle Level ◽

Low Level ◽

Fractional Cover ◽

High Level

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STRUKTUR BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PASCAL ATAU BAHASA C

10.31227/osf.io/rv25c ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ronal Watrianthos

Keyword(s):

Functional Programming ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Middle Level ◽

Object Oriented Programming ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

Bahasa pemrograman procedural merupakan bahasa pemerograman yang melibatkan fungsi-fungsi atau prosedur-prosedur sebagai sub program untuk membentuk solusi dari suatu permasalahan. Ada yang mengelompokanya menjadi 3 level bahasa yaitu: high level (Seperti pascaldan basic), middle Level (Seperti Bahasa C), dan low level (Seperti Bahasa Assembly). Ada juga yang mengelompokannya menjadi procedural/ functional programming, Object oriented programming, dansebagainya.Berbeda halnya dengan bahasa pemerograman yang berorientasi obyek, yang menggunakanpendekatan obyek dalam menyelesaikan suatu persoalan. Dengan memahami element-elementbahasa, kita dapat dengan cepat dan muda untuk memepelajari berbagai macam bahasapemrograman

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Classification of coastal vegetation of the Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas (Barents Sea coast)

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2017.31.77 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 77-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. B. Popova ◽

O. V. Cherednichenko ◽

A. V. Razumovskaya

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Middle Level ◽

Coastal Vegetation ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Low Level ◽

Murmansk Region ◽

High Level

The Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas are situated at the 69th latitude and bounded by the Barents Sea. Their territories belong to the subarctic tundra. Coastal vegetation is the case of the azonal one, which is regularly disturbed by sea. The aim of the study is to find out the coastal plant communities diversity and investigate ecological and floristic features of the vegetation types. The classification, based on 99 original relevés using TWINSPAN algorithm and following analytical revision, was carried out with Braun-Blanquet approach. The plant communities were classified into 5 associations and one community type. These syntaxa belong to 4 alliances, 4 orders, and 3 classes (Cakiletea maritimae R. Tüxen et Preising in R. Tüxen 1950, Honckenyo peploidis–Leymetea arenarii R. Tüxen 1966, Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine et Negre 1952). There is a special change in coastal vegetation while moving away from sea. Therefore, it is a case of local zonality. The halo-nitrophilous communities of ass. Atriplicetum lapponicae on sandy and shingle wash margins with seaweed debris are common for the low-level beaches. Further from sea they are changing by communities of all. Mertensio maritimae–Honckenyion diffusae. The sea influence gradually decreases, but amount of seaweed debris is still high on the coastal sand dunes that is a common place for ass. Honckenyo diffusae–Leymetum arenarii. The communities of Ligusticum scoticum–Festuca rubra com. type cover the higher-level beaches. The nitrophilous species are common for low-level beaches but they are almost absent in high-level phytocoenoses which are considered being an intermediate stage between monodominant seashore grasslands of ass. Honckenyo diffusae–Leymetum arenarii and multispecies high-level seashore meadows (Koroleva et al., 2011). The Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas coastal vegetation seems to be common with another arctic/subarctic areas but having more similarities with western coasts. Communities of ass. Atriplicetum lapponicae have not been marked for Murmansk region, and probably do not occur to the east of the peninsulas (Koroleva, 2006; Koroleva et al., 2011; Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2011). However, they are common in western areas (Northern Norway and apparently Iceland) (Tüxen, 1970; Thannheiser, 1974). Silty and sandy low-level salt marshes belong to ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis. Ass. Puccinellietum coarctatae (syn. Puccinellietum retroflexae Nordh. 1954) communities are found on the shingle low and middle level salt marshes. The further decreasing of salt seawater influence results in ass. Junco gerardii–Caricetum glareosae community formation. They occupy middle and high level of salt marshes. Communities of associations Puccinellietum phryganodis and Puccinellietum coarctatae on low and middle salt marsh levels are widespread in arctic and subarctic zones (Thannheiser, 1974; Koroleva et al., 2011; Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2011). There is an interesting notice that communities of widespread ass. Caricetum subspathaceae were not found on the studied area. The diagnostic species of this association – Carex subspathacea – vegetated only in Junco gerardii–Caricetum glareosae communities. The reason of such phenomenon could be a small area occupied by salt marsh communities on the Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas, which turns out that all vegetation types cannot completely evolve.

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STRUKTUR BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PASCAL ATAU BAHASA C

10.31227/osf.io/u4xcn ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ronal Watrianthos

Keyword(s):

Functional Programming ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Middle Level ◽

Object Oriented Programming ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

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НАУКОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО МОТИВАЦІЇ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ

Фармацевтичний часопис ◽

10.11603/2312-0967.2015.3.4936 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Н. В. Тетерич

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Middle Level ◽

Social Orientation ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Low Level ◽

National University ◽

Mutual Relations ◽

High Level ◽

Level Of Motivation

УДК: 615.15:005.32:331.101.3SCIENTIFIC GROUND OF BASIC GOING IS NEAR MOTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL WORKERS N.V. Teterich National university of pharmacy, KharkovEntry. Now as plain as a pikestaff is that for the sake of achievement of success in competitive activity at the pharmaceutical market very a necessity is bringing in of highly skilled pharmaceutical shots, in fact it is known that efficiency of any activity directly depends on a beautifully neat personnel.A research purpose is an analysis of social psychology factors and ground of the basic going near the increase of motivation of pharmaceutical workers.Research methods. For the decision of the put purpose testing of pharmaceutical workers was applied after the selected psychological methods which determine the factors of social orientation them labor motivation is a level of motivation to approval after the method of D. Kroun-D. Marlou, and also level of motivation to success after the method of Т. Elersa. As a result of the conducted research generalization of independent descriptions of specialists was carried out.Results and discussions. During research the selective complex questioning was conducted 30 pharmacists of pharmacy establishments of different boroughs ofKharkov after these methods. Before working 30 polling cards of tests were accepted on every method offered to specialists.A level of motivation to approval is one of major necessities of man from satisfaction of which depends it internal self-awareness and position in a group. Substantial influence has thus this type of motivation on quality of interpersonality mutual relations.Results of working of information are after the method of D. KROUNA-D. Marlou set that swingeing majority of specialists - 22 the polled (73,33%) is had middle level of motivation to approval. Only three specialists - 10% specialists have a low level of motivation to approval. Usually these workers are a conflict and independent of ideas from the side of circumferential, that can put them out of social approval.Finally, five the polled (16,67 %) is had high motivation to approval. These specialists do not have denials in relation to labor, restrain the aggressive reactions, and need enhanceable intercourse.The analysis of testing of pharmaceutical workers set after the method of T. Elersa, that for specialists with the high level of social desirability the low level of motivation absents to success; the middle level of motivation to success appeared at 3 респондентів (60%) and high level to motivation present for 2 specialists (40 %). Thus superfluously high level of motivation to success with specialists with the high level of motivation lack of to approval.A level of motivation to success of workers with the middle level of social desirability is such: low level of motivation to success in this investigated lack of in group of specialists; a middle level of motivation is to success with 15 respondents (68,18%); high level to motivation present for five specialists (22,73%); ever-higher level of motivation to success with two specialists - 9, 09%.A level of motivation to success of pharmaceutical specialists with the low level of motivation to approval is following: low level of motivation to success in this investigated group lack of of specialists also; 2 specialists has a middle level of motivation to success (66,67%); high level of motivation to success with one specialists (33,33%).Conclusions.<ol><li>The analysis of literary sources rotined on questions professional motivation of pharmaceutical workers, that study of going near professional motivation in pharmacy not used practically.</li><li>The analysis of individual indexes of motivation of labor activity of pharmaceutical workers of social psychology direction is carried out</li><li>Certainly straight proportional dependence of social desirability of specialists with the level of their motivation to success.</li></ol>

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Influence of melatonin on the prooxidant–antioxidant balance at physical exertion in people with low-level physical state

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Medical series ◽

10.29235/1814-6023-2019-16-3-365-372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 365-372

Author(s):

I. A. Poluyan ◽

V. V. Zinchuk ◽

S. V. Hlutkin ◽

I. E. Huliai

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Physical State ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

Antioxidant Protection ◽

Peroxide Oxidation ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

The influence of melatonin on the prooxidant–antioxidant balance in 18 to 21 year-old males with a low-level physical state at submaximal physical exertion is considered. The studied group took melatonin 3 mg once a day for 2 months. As a result of taking melatonin after physical exertion, there is a decrease in the activity of processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids and a high level of antioxidant protection in the blood plasma and erythrocytes, which diminishes the manifestations of the oxidative stress and maintains the prooxidant–antioxidant balance of an organism.

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