scholarly journals Family Empowerment Model for Type 2 DM Management: Integration of Self care Model by Orem and Family Centered Nursing by Friedman in Sikumana Health Center-Kupang

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Teli
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Family Empowerment ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Diabetes Diet ◽  
The Family ◽  
Empowerment Model

Background. The management of Diabetes which is very complex needs full support from the family. The family has a vital role in management type 2 diabetes at home involving diabetes diet, diabetes medication management, exercise, and also visit health care services for checking blood glucose and diabetes discussion session. Unfortunately, the family is rarely Involved in the health education session. The research aimed to identify the effect of family empowerment models: Integrated self-care model by Orem and Family-Centered Nursing by Friedman in type 2 DM management in Sikumana Health Center of Kupang. Methods. The research design was pra-experimental design with "One Group Pretest - Posttest approach.  The population of this study was 30 family members with type 2 DM. The data was collected by using questionnaires to measure the family members' ability to know type 2 DM, to make a proper decision, to take care of family members in term of diabetes diet management and to use health care services. Wilcoxon signed-Rank Test is used to figure out the effect of family empowerment model to conduct five family health function. Results. The study showed that the model improved the five health function performance by family members. While Wilcoxon signed-rank test also showed there was a significant effect of family empowerment model in terms of the family's ability to recognize type 2 DM (p =0.0001), to make a right decision to take care the patient (p = 0.0005). Moreover, the models have also improved the family ability to diabetes diet management (p=0,046), to motivate the patient to do regular exercise and to uses the health care facilities (p=0,014 and 0,025 respectively). Conclusions. The study recommended to actively involve the family members to take care of type 2 diabetes patient due to it affects the entire family. The family members should be well informed so that they can improve the quality of family health.

Payment Accuracy in Value-Based Care Contracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie A ◽  
◽  
Wang J ◽  
Teppema S ◽  
Duncan I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Value Based Care ◽  
Stochastic Risk

Reimbursement for health care services is transferring more risk away from payers and toward health care providers in the form of Alternative Payment Models (APMs), also known as Value-Based Care (VBC) models. VBC models cover a wide variety of forms but all include guarantees by providers of services to improve quality of care and/or reduce cost. Types of risk include performance risk, contract design risk or stochastic risk (because of the random variation in health care services and costs). A form of contract risk that can be a significant driver of cost is model risk, defined as the probability that the savings calculated at contract reconciliation will deviate from the actual savings generated. To estimate the degree of risk we quantify the potential variance in outcomes in a naïve population prior to intervention and the components that could affect outcomes, using examples of maternity and type 2 diabetes. This analysis has implications for both participants in, and designers of value-based contracts.

scholarly journals A Descriptive Study Of Diet In Family Of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Citra Windani Mambang Sari ◽  
Fitri Nurul Khotimah ◽  
Sri Pratiwi Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diet is one of the main factors related to various diseases including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). High carbohydrate, fat, protein, and low fiber diets can increase the risk of type 2 DM occurrence, especially in the patient’s family as a risk group. Previous research on students with DM families in Central Java still had a high-calorie food consumption pattern. The diversity of population, culture, and age may affect the results. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the diet in the family of patients with type 2 DM in the working area of Puskemas (Community Health Center) Garuda Bandung.This research used a quantitative descriptive method by purposive sampling technique. The respondents in this study involved 46 people who were the children of type 2 DM patients in the working area of Puskesmas Garuda. Dietary data obtained from the food record sheet for 3 days and was calculated using Nutrisurvey software in kilocalories (kcal) as the unit of measurement then the results were categorized based on Consensus Perkeni 2015. Data analysis was using frequency distribution.The results showed that 39 (84.8%) respondents in the diet category less than body requirements, 37 (80.4%) respondents in the category of sufficient carbohydrate intake, 39 (84.6%) respondents in the category of excess fat intake, 45 (97.8%) respondents in the category of adequate protein intake, and 41 (89.1%) respondents in the category of less fiber.The conclusions from this study that almost all families of patients with type 2 DM in the work area of Puskesmas Garuda were in the diet category less than body requirement but with the excess fat intake and less fiber. Based on these results, the nurses in Puskesmas are expected to optimize the outreach programs by addressing families of DM patients to make the diet as an attempt to prevent the risk in the family of patients with type 2 DM.Key words: Diet, DM patients’ families, food record. Gambaran Diet pada Keluarga Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2AbstrakDiet adalah salah satu faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan berbagai penyakit termasuk Diabetes Melitus (DM). Diet tinggi karbohidrat, lemak, protein, serta rendah serat dapat meningkatkan risiko kejadian DM tipe 2 terutama pada keluarga pasien sebagai kelompok berisiko. Penelitian sebelumnya pada mahasiswa dengan keluarga DM di Jawa Tengah masih memiliki pola konsumsi makanan yang tinggi kalori. Perbedaan populasi, budaya, serta usia mungkin akan mempengaruhi hasil. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan diet pada keluarga pasien DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskemas Garuda Kota Bandung.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 46 orang yang merupakan anak kandung pasien DM tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Garuda. Data diet diperoleh melalui lembar food record selama 3 hari dihitung mengunakan software Nutrisurvey dengan hasil ukur dalam kilokalori (kcal) yang kemudian hasilnya dikategorikan berdasarkan Konsensus Perkeni 2015. Analisis data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi.Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa sebanyak 39 (84,8%) responden dalam kategori diet kurang dari kebutuhan, sebanyak 37 (80,4%) responden dalam kategori asupan karbohidrat cukup, sebanyak 39 (84,6%) responden dalam kategori asupan lemak berlebih, sebanyak 45 (97,8%) responden dalam kategori asupan protein cukup, dan 41 (89,1%) responden dalam kategori serat kurang.Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa hampir seluruh keluarga pasien DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Garuda berada pada kategori diet kurang dari kebutuhan tetapi dengan asupan lemak berlebih dan serat yang kurang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka perawat puskesmas diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan program luar gedung dengan menyasar keluarga penderita DM untuk menjadikan diet sebagai upaya untuk mencegah risiko DM pada keluarga pasien DM tipe 2.Kata kunci : Diet, food record, keluarga pasien DM.

scholarly journals Awareness of Oral Complications and Oral Hygiene Habits of Subjects with Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Hülya Çankaya ◽  
Pelin Güneri ◽  
Joel B. Epstein ◽  
Hayal Boyacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Oral Complications ◽  
Type 2 Dm

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim was to evaluate Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients’ awareness of their risk for oral and dental complications, to evaluate their oral health behaviors, assess their sources of related information, and to detect the influence of their awareness on oral health and dental management.Material and Methods: Total of 240 DM patients presenting to a university outpatient dental facility for routine care completed a self-administered questionnaire about demographic-socioeconomic characteristics, oral health care and awareness on oral complications of DM. Dental status of each patient was recorded. Data were analyzed with Chi- square test; p was set as 0.05.Results: The patients’ mean age was 52.85 years; the majority had Type 2 DM (72.1%) and 61.7% were females. Two thirds of the patients had tooth loss; 65% brushed daily and used toothpick for interproximal cleaning (35%). Only 12.9% had regular dental visits and 37.5% reported their oral health as “poor”. DM patients rarely received guidance from their health care professionals regarding their oral health (28.3%). Even though 62.5% were aware of oral complications of DM, only 46.3% knew that oral health may affect DM. The patients with Type 1 and Type 2 DM had similar perceptions about their oral health status (p=0.15>0.05). However, insulin users were more aware of the interaction between oral health and DM (p>0.05), and were more likely to consider their oral health as “poor” (p>0.05).Conclusions: DM patients’ awareness of the effect of DM on oral health was higher than that of the effect of oral health on DM management. Medical health care providers were failing to provide the necessary information regarding these issues when compared to dentists.

scholarly journals Health care services provided to type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Rubeaan ◽  
Hamad Al-Manaa ◽  
Tawfik Khoja ◽  
Ahmad Al-Sharqawi ◽  
Khaled Aburisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals A Structure Model of Family Empowerment in Preventing Smoking Initiation among Adolescent: An Empirical Study Conducted in Urban Area of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 659-664
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafizurrachman ◽  
Astrid Novita Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Parenting Efficacy ◽  
Family Empowerment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Empowerment Model ◽  
Family Demands

BACKGROUND: Family empowerment is a critical component for smoking prevention efforts among adolescents. Few information regarding the family empowerment model developed in preventing smoking initiation among adolescents in Indonesia. AIM: The aim of this study was to identify determinants of the family empowerment model in preventing smoking initiation among adolescents in Indonesia. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was used for families with adolescent girls and boys (aged 10–14 years) in West Java, Indonesia. The convenience sampling procedure was employed. The study analyzed family demands and parenting stress as stressors. Family resources were divided into family functioning and communication process. The perception or judgment factor was assumed as parenting efficacy. Family empowerment has been identified as an indicator of adaptation. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The survey respondents consisted of 175 respondents. The mean age was 40.56 (SD = 11.73) and 57.2% had graduated from above high school. These findings suggest that family demands and parenting stress have an indirect effect on family empowerment through parenting efficacy, family functioning, and communication processes. The contribution of the effect of family demands, parenting stress, parenting efficacy, family function, and communication process on family empowerment was 68%. CONCLUSION: The family empowerment could be defined in the Double ABCX model in the prevention of smoking in adolescents and that the numerous adverse effects of stress can be modulated through parental efficacy as well as the ability to function of the family and communication. It recommends making family interventions an integral part of public health initiatives for the prevention of smoking initiation, as well as health policy formation.

scholarly journals Effects of self-management support and family participation enhancing program for delayed progression of diabetic nephropathy in Thai adults with type 2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somsak Thojampa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
The Family ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background/Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasingly becoming common in developing countries including Thailand. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can lead to progression of severe complications for persons with DM which include diabetic nephropathy and can, later on, lead to kidney failure. Self-management support and participation of social groups, specifically the family of the patient, can help people with DM in controlling the complications of their disease from progressing; in this case, the advancement of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this research is to develop a program and determine if self-management support with the participation of the family members will have an effect in delaying the progress of diabetic nephropathy in adults with type 2 DM. Theoretical Framework: Self-management based on social cognitive and self-regulation theories were used in this study to set a framework which utilizes social support from the family and self-efficacy of patients in implementing self-management activities. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research. The sample consisted of 50 Thai adults with type 2 DM, 25 for the control group and 25 for the experimental group. The participants in the experimental group attended a self-management support and family participation enhancing the program for 8 weeks. The interventions included a video presentation, manual, and health education with a family member in a focus group. Data were collected before attending the program and evaluated on the 8th and 12 weeks after the program. The instruments used for the data collection were (1) Self-Management Activity Questionnaire (SMAQ), (2) Self- Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ). The data collected for clinical outcome used the automatic physiological measures: Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).  Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test and Paired t-test and repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: The mean scores of the self-management activity and self-efficacy of the experimental group were significantly higher, their clinical outcomes for blood pressure, SCr and HbA1C levels were significantly lower, and eGFR results were significantly higher after attending the self-management support and family participation enhancing the program. Conclusions and Implications: The findings of this study indicate that the self-management and family participation enhancing program promote and support health behavior change and leads to better control of the delayed progression of diabetic nephropathy in Thai adults with type 2 DM. This can be applied by health care professionals in health care centers as a supplement to their usual care in dealing with persons with type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Gender differences of the clinical aspects and complication risks of diabetes mellitus among outpatient clinic visits, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathi El-Gamal ◽  
Abdulrahim Aljudaibi ◽  
Ahmed Alzahrani ◽  
Layla Alharthy ◽  
Turki Huwait
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Gender differences are important in epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcomes in Type 2 DM, Objectives: To study gender differences of the burden of type 2 diabetes and complication risk among Saudi subjects visiting the outpatient clinics. Subjects and methods: A cross sectional study, including 2501 patients, who visited the outpatient clinics at two private general hospitals in Jeddah during the years 2018 through to 2019. All patients were examined and diagnosed by specialists. Data were collected using check list form to obtain personal characteristics and area of residence; vital signs, anthropometric measurements, clinical characteristics and outcome of the visits. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 23 (IBM), was used. Chi square, and logistic regression tests were used. OR, and 95% IC were used to describe the relationships. Level of significance was 0.05. Results: Out of all the visits to the outpatient clinics, DM constituted 5.5%. Type 2 DM was common in those aged 40 years and above, while Type 1 DM was common in those aged 18 years and younger. Males were at 1.7 times more likely to develop DM compared to females (OR 1.715; 95% CI: 1.146, 2.257, p <0.009). The males with T2DM had significantly more frequent edema of the lower limbs compared to the females. Polyuria was the most common symptom, while HBA1C and FBS were the most common investigations ordered, and Biguanides and sulfonylurea and insulin were the common treatment prescribed. These were similar in both the males and females. Hypertension (22%), IHD (6%), and dyslipidemia (6%) were encountered among patients with T2DM; however, these CVDs were similar in the males and females. Conclusion: DM is a common chronic disorder, which imposes burden on the primary health care in Saudi Arabia. It is more common in males than females, however, the pattern of cardiovascular complications and health care management were similar in both genders. Key words: DM, Gender, outpatient clinics, Saudi Arabia,

scholarly journals INCREASING SELF EMPOWERMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH DIABETES EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION BASED ON HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nian Afrian Nuari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
Diabetes Empowerment

Introduction. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires individual ability of patients to adhere treatment of the disease recommended by doctors. The purpose the study was to analyze the effect of diabetes empowerment education to self empowerment and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM.Method. This study used quasy experiment design with non randomized control group pretest posttest design. Total sampel was 32 respondents divided into control group and experiment group, sample recruited by purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire with DES (Diabetes Empowerment Scale) and DQoL (Diabetes Quality of Life). Data were then analyzed using Wilcoxon Sign rank test and Mann Whitney with level of significance of 0,05.Result. The results showed that there were differences in self empowerment and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM after intervention. Mann Whitney analysis result`s showed that there are differences in self empowerment between control and experiment groups (p = 0,029) and there was a difference in the quality of life between control and experiment groups (p = 0,022). It can be referred from it that DEE influences self empowerment and quality of life of type 2 DM patients.Discussion. It can be concluded that diabetes empowerment education increasing selfempowerment and quality of life of patients with DM type 2. Keywords: diabetes, education, self empowerment, quality of life, DEE, HPM

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