What Makes an Environmental Steward? An Individual Differences Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Plummer ◽  
Julia Baird ◽  
Gillian Dale
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Leverage Point

Engaging in environmental stewardship is critical for sustainability. Understanding individual differences and engagement is an important gap in present scholarship and addressing it is necessary to understand individual factors that relate to the types of activities engaged in, motivations and barriers to environmental stewardship. We surveyed 637 Canadian and American adults via Amazon Mechanical Turk, querying a range of demographic, psychological and environmental perceptions factors as well as motivations and barriers to stewardship activities. Respondents were ultimately grouped into Non-Stewards, Home-Oriented Stewards and Community-Oriented Stewards. Few differences were found among these groups. However, Home-Oriented Stewards and Community-Oriented Stewards exhibited very different initial and ongoing motivations to engage in environmental stewardship. Accordingly, we identify stewardship motivations as a potential leverage point and as one of several promising avenues for future research related to enhancing engagement in environmental stewardship for the sustainability of the planet.

Consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Kenneth Nemire
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Survey Tool

This article describes the results of a survey intended as a preliminary assessment of consumer perceptions of the hazardousness of portable ladders and the warning labels provided on portable ladders. One hundred ten participants responded to an online survey tool called Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey collected information about participants’ use of ladders, their ratings of familiarity with ladders, perceived hazardousness of portable ladders, and perception of warning labels on portable ladders. Results indicated a small but significant relationship between familiarity with ladders and their perceived hazardousness, and that participants thought that people should be warned about the hazards associated with ladder use. Implications for future research about consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings are described.

Ratings of the Effectiveness of Warnings on Consumer Paint Stripper Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Nemire
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Labeling Requirements ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Study Participants

Accidental inhalation of vapors from paint stripper products containing methylene chloride has resulted in injuries and deaths. Warnings on paint stripper products may play a role in reducing the number and severity of injuries resulting from using them. Warning labels consistent with Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z535.4 formatting were evaluated by 159 university students and by 173 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers. Results indicated that both groups rated the ANSI-formatted warnings as more effective (more likely to be noticed, read, understood, and followed) than the FHSA-formatted warnings, providing support for both use of crowdsourcing as a reliable and valid source for study participants to evaluate warnings, as well as for updating FHSA labeling requirements to include evidence-based guidelines on warning effectiveness. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Mindfulness as Practice: A Network Analysis of FMI data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Heather Kempton ◽  
Matt Williams ◽  
Clifford van Ommen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
Alternative Methodology

ObjectiveBy committing to latent variable models, mindfulness research has aimed to transform observable practices into an identifiable real ‘mindfulness’ experience which is claimed to exist beyond what is directly observed. Recently, an alternative methodology has been developed which allows mindfulness to be modelled as a complex system or network at the level of self-report. This study hypothesised that a more densely connected network of observable practices is indicative of a greater level of development of mindfulness. MethodsMindfulness networks were estimated for practitioners and non-practitioners using the Friedberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). A total of 371 regular mindfulness practitioners, 224 non-practitioners and 59 irregular practitioners were recruited online from the Amazon Mechanical Turk database. ResultsComparisons of practitioners’ and non-practitioners’ networks indicated that network density did not significantly differ, whereas evidence was found in support of a significant difference in network structure. An exploratory analysis revealed that the FMI item representing the mindfulness practice of Acceptance was substantially more central in the Practitioners FMI network, relative to its position in the Non-practitioners FMI network. FMI items representing the mindfulness practices of Self-kindness and Returning to the Present were substantially more peripheral to the practitioners FMI network relative to their position in the non-practitioners FMI network. Conclusions.The study provides proof-of-principle support for investigating mindfulness as a complex network at the level of self-report. However, the lack of difference in network density indicates that future research is needed to examine network dynamics in the context of regular mindfulness practice.

Identity matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Simone Mariconda ◽  
Alessandra Zamparini ◽  
Francesco Lurati
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptually develop and empirically test a model according to which a crisis leads to a greater reputational damage when it is highly relevant to the firm’s organizational identity or highly relevant to stakeholders’ identity. Design/methodology/approach A total of 299 participants based in the USA were recruited online using the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. The study uses a 2 (relevance of crisis to organizational identity: low vs high) × 2 (relevance of crisis to stakeholders’ identity: low vs high) between-subjects experimental design. Findings The results confirm the hypotheses that an organizational crisis leads to greater reputational damage when it is highly relevant to the firm’s organizational identity or when it is highly relevant to stakeholders’ identity. No significant interaction between the two variables was found. Research limitations/implications Future research could focus on further elaborating on how the two identity-related variables tested in this paper interact with other variables that have already been studied for moderating the effects of crises on reputation damage. Practical implications The paper reaffirms the deep interconnection between identity, stakeholders and reputation. Concretely, the results of the study suggest an informative way of mapping the degree to which risks or issues could potentially damage organizational reputation. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by providing a more situational understanding of how the same exact crisis can damage the reputation of organizations differently. By doing so, the paper opens several new avenues for future research.

Advice Padded With Encouragement: A Preliminary Assessment of an Extended Integrated Model of Advice Giving in Supportive Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-348
Author(s):  
Yining Zhou Malloch ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Bingqing Wang ◽  
Chelsea Kim
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Sequence Study ◽  
Advice Quality

The integrated model of advice giving (IMA) proposes that advising in supportive interactions should be carried out in three sequential moves: emotional support—problem inquiry and analysis—advice (EPA). Prior research indicates the utility of this framework for effective advising in supportive interactions. The current project proposed and tested an extended integrated model of advice giving, adding eSteem support (S) as a fourth move in the sequence. Two experiments were conducted. Study 1 included 371 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results showed that the emotional support—problem inquiry and analysis—advice—eSteem support (EPAS) sequence did not elicit significantly higher evaluations of advice quality compared with the EPA or emotional support—problem inquiry and analysis—eSteem support—advice (EPSA) sequence. Study 2 replicated Study 1 with 364 college students and found that, compared with the other two sequences, the EPAS sequence did not produce significantly higher evaluations of advice quality or intention to follow advice. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals No evidence that a range of artificial monitoring cues influence online donations to charity in an MTurk sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 150710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Saunders ◽  
Alex H. Taylor ◽  
Quentin D. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Culture Age ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
Internet Marketplace ◽  
Online Donations

Monitoring cues, such as an image of a face or pair of eyes, have been found to increase prosocial behaviour in several studies. However, other studies have found little or no support for this effect. Here, we examined whether monitoring cues affect online donations to charity while manipulating the emotion displayed, the number of watchers and the cue type. We also include as statistical controls a range of likely covariates of prosocial behaviour. Using the crowdsourcing Internet marketplace, Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), 1535 participants completed our survey and were given the opportunity to donate to charity while being shown an image prime. None of the monitoring primes we tested had a significant effect on charitable giving. By contrast, the control variables of culture, age, sex and previous charity giving frequency did predict donations. This work supports the importance of cultural differences and enduring individual differences in prosocial behaviour and shows that a range of artificial monitoring cues do not reliably boost online charity donation on MTurk.

scholarly journals Signaling when no one is watching: A reputation heuristics account of outrage and punishment in one-shot anonymous interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Jordan ◽  
David Gertler Rand
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Moral Outrage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Costly Punishment ◽  
Using Data

Moralistic punishment can confer reputation benefits by signaling trustworthiness to observers. But why do people punish even when nobody is watching? We argue that people often rely on the heuristic that reputation is typically at stake, such that reputation concerns can shape moral outrage and punishment even in one-shot anonymous interactions. We then support this account using data from Amazon Mechanical Turk. In anonymous experiments, subjects (total n = 8440) report more outrage in response to others’ selfishness when they cannot signal their trustworthiness through direct prosociality (sharing with a third party)—such that if the interaction were not anonymous, punishment would have greater signaling value. Furthermore, mediation analyses suggest that sharing opportunities reduce outrage by decreasing reputation concerns. Additionally, anonymous experiments measuring costly punishment (total n = 6076) show the same pattern: subjects punish more when sharing is not possible. And importantly, moderation analyses provide some evidence that sharing opportunities do not merely reduce outrage and punishment by inducing empathy towards selfishness or hypocrisy aversion among non-sharers. Finally, we support the specific role of heuristics by investigating individual differences in deliberateness. Less deliberative individuals (who typically rely more on heuristics) are more sensitive to sharing opportunities in our anonymous punishment experiments, but, critically, not in punishment experiments where reputation is at stake (total n = 3422); and not in our anonymous outrage experiments (where condemning is costless). Together, our results suggest that when nobody is watching, reputation cues nonetheless can shape outrage and—among individuals who rely on heuristics—costly punishment.

scholarly journals Who Wears the MAGA Hat? Racial Beliefs and Faith in Trump

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312199260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Francis T. Cullen ◽  
Leah C. Butler ◽  
Alexander L. Burton ◽  
Velmer S. Burton
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
White Nationalism ◽  
The Impact

On the basis of a 2019 YouGov survey of white respondents ( n = 734), the impact of racial beliefs on support for Donald Trump was explored. The analysis revealed that in addition to racial resentment, white nationalism—a desire to keep the United States white demographically and culturally—was strongly related to faith in Trump. Analyses based on a 2019 Amazon Mechanical Turk survey yielded similar results and also showed that white nationalism increased willingness to wear a MAGA hat. Future research on the political consequences of racial beliefs should focus on what whites think not only of blacks but also of themselves.

scholarly journals Health Among Sexual Minority Older Adults: Individual Differences and Implications for Improving Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 860-860
Author(s):  
Britney Wardecker ◽  
Cara Exten
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Age Related

Abstract The number of sexual minority (SM) older adults is increasing rapidly, yet this population continues to be underrepresented in research (Fredriksen-Goldsen & Kim, 2017) and experiences significant disparities in health and health care access (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016; Wallace et al., 2011). In the current symposium, we analyze data from U.S. national probability samples of middle-aged and older adults (MIDUS, HRS, NESARC-III) to consider how age-related concerns and challenges may be experienced differently by SM individuals compared to their heterosexual counterparts. This symposium includes novel methods and statistical tools, such as daily diary assessments, multilevel modeling, and time-varying effects models. Individual presentations evaluate how: (1) SM women, compared to heterosexual women, may respond differently to menopause through norms and values surrounding womanhood; (2) midlife and older SM individuals use alcohol and cigarettes more frequently across a typical week than their heterosexual counterparts, though their substance use may not be tied to common triggers (e.g., negative mood, stress); (3) despite bisexual older adults reporting more health problems compared to lesbian and gay counterparts, they are less prepared for health concerns and crises (e.g., reporting a lower number of valid wills); and (4) the prevalence of depression and anxiety varies across age, such that older SM adults—especially women—are particularly vulnerable to psychological health problems. These presentations collectively examine complex issues facing older SM adults while emphasizing individual differences (i.e., women’s concerns, bisexual people’s issues). We discuss challenges in researching this growing at-risk population, and we highlight areas of future research and intervention.

scholarly journals Evaluating extinction, renewal, and resurgence of operant behavior in humans with Amazon Mechanical Turk

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 101728
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Ritchey ◽  
Toshikazu Kuroda ◽  
Jillian M. Rung ◽  
Christopher A. Podlesnik
Keyword(s):  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk
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