STUDI LITERATUR: HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI MAKANAN GORENGAN DENGAN PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR

Background: Cardiovascular disease occurred by many factors, one of them is because of consuming high saturated fat intake from fried food. Previous studies have shown that there are inconsistent results from the research related to the correlation between fried food intake and cardiovascular disease. This literature study is important to be done to explain the problem of different results for each previous study.Objective: To examine the correlation between fried food intake and cardiovascular disease from various previous studies also to analyze the correlation between fried food intake people with polymorphisms of ALDH2 and ABCA1 genes and cardiovascular disease occurrence.Methods: Exploring literature material was done by Pubmed and Science Direct databases. Article research methods were sought by observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort). Eight articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria that have been determined.Results: Fried food intake is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. However, the EPIC-Spanish cohort study shows that fried food intake is not associated with cardiovascular disease. People with polymorphisms carrier in the ALDH2 gene rs671 genotypes A/A and A/G has a higher risk of increase CHD compared to a person who is a GG genotype carrier. People with polymorphism carrier in the ABCA1 gene rs4149339 genotype CC also has a higher risk of developing CHD compared with people who carry a TT genotype.Conclusion: Fried food intake has a positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood and the elderly. Fried food intake with people who have a certain gene variations is associated with cardiovascular disease occurrence.

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Effect of ultraprocessed food intake on cardiometabolic risk is mediated by diet quality: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health ◽

10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000225 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjnph-2020-000225

Author(s):

Jennifer Griffin ◽

Anwar Albaloul ◽

Alexandra Kopytek ◽

Paul Elliott ◽

Gary Frost

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occupational Cohort

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of the consumption of ultraprocessed food on diet quality, and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in an occupational cohort.DesignCross-sectional.SettingOccupational cohort.Participants53 163 British police force employees enrolled (2004–2012) into the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. A total of 28 forces across the UK agreed to participate. 9009 participants with available 7-day diet record data and complete co-variate data are reported in this study.Main outcome measuresA CMR and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score were treated as continuous variables and used to generate measures of cardiometabolic health and diet quality. Secondary outcome measures include percentage of energy from fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, protein and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) and fibre grams per 1000 kcal of energy intake.ResultsIn this cohort, 58.3%±11.6 of total energy intake was derived from ultraprocessed (NOVA 4) foods. Ultraprocessed food intake was negatively correlated with diet quality (r=−0.32, p<0.001), fibre (r=−0.20, p<0.001) and protein (r = −0.40, p<0.001) and positively correlated with fat (r=0.18, p<0.001), saturated fat (r=0.14, p<0.001) and nmes (r=0.10, p<0.001) intake . Multivariable analysis suggests a positive association between ultraprocessed food (NOVA 4) consumption and CMR. However, this main effect was no longer observed after adjustment for diet quality (p=0.209). Findings from mediation analysis indicate that the effect of ultraprocessed food (NOVA 4) intake on CMR is mediated by diet quality (p<0.001).ConclusionsUltraprocessed food consumption is associated with a deterioration in diet quality and positively associated with CMR, although this association is mediated by and dependent on the quality of the diet. The negative impact of ultraprocessed food consumption on diet quality needs to be addressed and controlled studies are needed to fully comprehend whether the relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption and health is independent to its relationship with poor diet quality.

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Abstract P051: Healthy Lifestyle Factors are Uncommon and Associated with Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Candidates for Primary Prevention with Statin Therapy

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p051 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

John N Booth ◽

Lisandro D Colantonio ◽

Mary Cushman ◽

George Howard ◽

Monika Safford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

High Risk ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Ascvd Risk ◽

Saturated Fat Intake ◽

Diet Score

Introduction: Adults with a 10 year predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk ≥7.5% are candidates for statin therapy for primary prevention. Lifestyle interventions may benefit this high risk group. Hypothesis: We estimated the use of healthy lifestyles and their association with ASCVD and mortality risk in adults with a 10 year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Methods: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort study enrolled adults ≥45 years old from the 48 continental US states and District of Columbia in January 2003 - October 2007 (n=30,239). The final sample was restricted to adults 45 - 79 years old, without ASCVD or diabetes history, low density lipoprotein cholesterol 70 - 189 mg/dL and a 10 year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5% (n=5,709). Ideal lifestyle factors, assessed during an in-home physical exam and through surveys, included non-obese waist circumference (<88/<102 cm for women/men), physical activity (PA) ≥4 times per week, nonsmoking, low saturated fat intake (<7.0% of daily calories) and highest Mediterranean diet score quartile. Participants were contacted every 6 months to detect incident ASCVD events (nonfatal/fatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death) and all-cause mortality for adjudication. Results: The prevalence of ideal lifestyles was 56.9% for non-obesity, 33.5% for PA, 80.7% for nonsmoking, 7.1% for low saturated fat intake, and 27.6% for highest Mediterranean diet score quartile. Overall, 4.8%, 27.2%, 35.5%, 23.5% and 9.0% had 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 of the 5 ideal lifestyles. There were 377 ASCVD events and 471 deaths (median follow up: 5.8 and 6.0 years, respectively). After multivariable adjustment, there was a graded association for lower ASCVD incidence and mortality with 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 versus 0 ideal lifestyles (Table 1). Conclusion: Healthy lifestyles were underused in adults with a 10 year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Improving lifestyle factors may significantly reduce ASCVD and delay mortality in this high risk population.

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Prevalence and associations of behavioural risk factors with blood lipids profile in Lebanese adults: findings from WHO STEPwise NCD cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e026148

Author(s):

Megali Mansour ◽

Hani Tamim ◽

Lara Nasreddine ◽

Christelle El Khoury ◽

Nahla Hwalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lipids Profile ◽

Saturated Fat Intake

ObjectiveTo examine associations of behavioural risk factors, namely cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary intakes and alcohol consumption, with blood lipids profile.Design and participantsData drawn from a cross-sectional study involving participants aged 18 years and over (n=363) from the nationwide WHO STEPwise Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor survey in Lebanon.MeasuresDemographic characteristics, behaviours and medical history were obtained from participants by questionnaire. Dietary assessment was performed using a 61-item Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire that measured food intake over the past year. Lipid levels were measured by the analysis of fasting blood samples (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)).ResultsCurrent cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were prevalent among 33.3%, 39.7% and 41.6% of the sample, respectively. The contributions of fat and saturated fat to daily energy intake were high, estimated at 36.5% and 11.4%, respectively. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL-C and HDL-C were observed for 55.4%, 31.4%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for potential confounders, cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher odds of TG and VLDL (OR=4.27; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.77; and 3.26; 95% CI 1.33 to 8.03, respectively) with a significant dose–response relationship (p value for trend=0.010 and 0.030, respectively). Alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake (≥10% energy intake) were associated with higher odds of LDL-C (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82 and OR= 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93). Physical activity did not associate significantly with any blood lipid parameter.ConclusionThe demonstrated positive associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake with adverse lipoprotein levels lay further evidence for clinical practitioners, public health professionals and dietitians in the development of preventive strategies among subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon and other neighbouring countries with similar epidemiological profile.

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METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIET QUALITY IN THE CHILEAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2009-2010

Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle ◽

10.14283/jarcp.2016.104 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

C. Dussaillant ◽

G. Echeverría ◽

L. Villarroel ◽

C.B. Yu ◽

A. Rigotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Food Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sectional Analysis

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, food intake, and diet quality in elderly (≥65 years old) Chilean population. Design: Cross sectional analysis based on the last national health survey performed in the years 2009 and 2010 (ChNHS 2009-2010). Setting: Non-institutionalized individuals of 65 years or older were selected and visited at home. Participants: A subsample of 505 elderly adults from the ChNHS 2009-2010 who answered a food questionnaire and had appropriate information to diagnose metabolic syndrome following the ATPIII-NCEP guidelines. Measurements: Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to measure blood lipids and fasting blood glucose. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. A 5-item food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants of NHS 2009-2010. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Chilean adult population was 37.7%, increasing in frequency with advancing age. Among the elderly (≥65 years old), metabolic syndrome was found in 57.2% of the sample. Elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference were the most prevalent metabolic syndrome components among this group (88% and 80%, respectively). Low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, fish, and dairy was seen among the elderly, and no association was found between food intake nor diet quality and metabolic syndrome prevalence. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among the Chilean elderly population and its prevalence is not associated with food intake or diet quality in this age group.

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Cooking with biomass fuel and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study among rural villagers in Phitsanulok, Thailand

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23457.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 307

Author(s):

Chudchawal Juntarawijit ◽

Yuwayong Juntarawijit

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biomass Fuel ◽

Sectional Study ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Biomass Smoke

Background: Burning biomass fuel is a major source of indoor air pollution; about 40% of Thai people still use biomass for cooking. There is increasing evidence of the association between biomass smoke exposure and serious health effects including cardiovascular disease. The object of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between biomass use for household cooking and cardiovascular outcome, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and stroke among rural villagers in Phitsanulok, Thailand. Methods: Data from 1078 households were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. In each household, data on cardiovascular disease, cooking practices, and cooking fuel, types of fuel they normally used for cooking, were collected. Results: After being adjusted for gender, age, cigarette smoke, secondhand smoke, and exposure to other sources of air pollution, it was found that the family members of cooks using biomass fuel were at risk of coronary heart disease (CHD; OR=4.35; 95%CI 0.10–18.97), hypertension (OR=1.61; 95%CI 1.10–2.35), high cholesterol (HC; OR=2.74; 95%CI 1.66–4.53), and diabetes (OR=1.88; 95%CI 1.03–3.46). Compared to LPG use, using wood was associated with stroke (OR=7.64; 95%CI 1.18–49.61), and using charcoal was associated with HC (OR=1.52; 95%CI 1.04–2.24). Compared to never user, household cooks who sometimes use charcoal had an increased risk of hypertension (OR=2.04; 95%CI 1.32–3.15), HC (OR=2.61; 95%CI 1.63–4.18), and diabetes (OR=2.09; 95%CI 1.17–3.73); and cooks who often use charcoal had an elevated risk of stroke (OR=3.17; 95%CI 1.04–9.71), and HC (OR=1.52; 95%CI 1.02–2.27) to their family members. Conclusions: The study results were consistent with those found in studies from other parts of the world, and supports that exposure to biomass smoke increase cardiovascular diseases. The issue should receive more attention, and promotion of clean fuel use is a prominent action.

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Characteristic Comparison of CHD for Active Smoker by Smoking Characteristic

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v4i3.2016.326-337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

Desy Diastutik

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Disease Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Active Smoker ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a type of cardiovascular disease that has highest level of morbidity and mortality among non communicable disease group. One of the factor that contribute for coronary heart disease is smoking characteristic. The research was aimed to analyze characteristic comparison of coronary heart disease for active smoker by smoking characteristic. The research was observational study using cross sectional design. Thirty eight active smokers were involved as research sample who are patients at RSUD Sidoarjo, according to some criteria.The variables of smoking characteristic were duration of smoking, type of cigarette, amount of cigarette per day, and time of smoking. The research was done on May 2016 using accidental sampling as the technique. Data analyze was using Epi info software to show the characteristic comparison and continued analyze by descriptive. The results of the research were highest partly among patient with coronary heart disease and patient with non coronary diasease were had been smoking for ≥33 years, spent less than 13 cigarette per day, and didn’t smoke soon after wake up in the morning. The conclusion of the research are the highest characteristic coronary heart disease for active smoker by smoking characteristic was type of cigarette, and the lowest characteristic coronary heart disease for active smoker by smoking characteristic was duration of smoking.Keywords: number of cigarette, coronary heart disease, duration of smoking, type of cigarette, time of smoking

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P4557Factors associated with treatment and control of hypertension in a healthy elderly population free of cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

E Chowdhury ◽

M R Nelson ◽

M E Ernst ◽

K L Margolis ◽

L J Beilin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Educational Status ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction Despite readily available treatments, control of high blood pressure (BP) in the ageing population remains suboptimal. Gaps in understanding the management of high BP amongst the elderly exist, as most studies have been in predominantly middle-aged populations. Purpose We explored pharmacological BP lowering treatment and control among elderly hypertensive participants free from overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), and identified factors related to both “untreated” and “treated but uncontrolled” high BP. Methods We analyzed baseline data from 19,114 individuals aged ≥65 years enrolled from Australia and the US in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mmHg and/or use of any BP-lowering medication. `Controlled hypertensives” were those receiving BP-lowering medication and with BP <140/90 mmHg. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize hypertension control rates; logistic regression was used to investigate relationships with treatment and BP control. Results Overall, 74% (14,213/19,114) of participants were hypertensive, and of these 29% (4,151/14,213) were untreated. Among those treated, 47% (4,732/10,062) had BP <140/90 mmHg. Participants who were untreated were more likely to be men, have higher educational status, and be in good physical health, and less likely to have significant comorbidities. The factors related to “treated but uncontrolled” hypertension included older age, being men, Black race (versus White), using BP lowering monotherapy and residing in Australia (versus US) (Figure 1). Conclusion(s) There were high levels of “untreated” and “treated but uncontrolled” BP, in an otherwise healthy elderly population, suggesting that opportunities for better BP control exist through targeting intervention to high-risk individuals. Acknowledgement/Funding National Institute on Aging and the National Cancer Institute at NIH; NHMRC Australia, Monash University, Victorian Cancer Agency (Australia)

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Abstract P375: Coronary Artery Structural Remodeling by Computed Tomography and Cardiovascular Disease; the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p375 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

J J Carr ◽

Yaorong Ge ◽

Edmond K Kabagambe ◽

James G Terry ◽

Donald Lloyd-Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

White Male ◽

Imaging Biomarker ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pericardial Fat

Background: Glagov identified cross-sectional enlargement and maintenance of the lumen of the coronary artery (CA) in post-mortem studies as an early feature of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) that precedes the development of stenosis, coronary artery calcium (CAC) and plaque rupture. This structural change in the CA wall has been termed positive remodeling. We hypothesized that larger CA cross-sectional areas, consistent with positively remodeled CA, is associated with prevalent or soon-to-be incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Methods: In 2946 black and white male and female CARDIA participants aged 42-56 years, who had thin-slice (<1 mm), ECG gated, non-contrast coronary CT in 2010-2011, we measured CA cross-sectional area (CSA) in the proximal epicardial CA at 24 pre-specified locations. The mean of all measurements was calculated to provide a summary of all CA (CA CSA_all ). We performed logistic regression with medical-record adjudicated CVD prevalence (n=96) or incidence in the following 3 years (n=27) as the outcome, predicted from this estimate of positive remodeling adjusting for age, race, sex, presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC), and amount of pericardial fat as covariates. Results: CA CSA_all had a mean ± SD 21.2 ± 6.7 mm 2 . The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having any CVD was 1.06 (95% CI 1.03-1.09, p<0.0001) per mm 2 (Table). ORs for CVD increased across quartiles of CA CSA_all . Corresponding OR for any coronary heart disease (n=66) was not significant, but was significant for stroke (n=42) and for heart failure (n=27). Further adjustment for traditional risk factors assessed in 2010-2011 did not alter these estimates substantially. Conclusion: Individuals with larger CA cross-sectional areas had increased odds of CVD, stroke, and heart failure, but not CHD, independent of CAC and pericardial fat. CA CSA_all may be an imaging biomarker of coronary positive remodeling and provide new insight into progression from subclinical to premature clinical CVD.

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