scholarly journals Determination of the specific soil resistance using deep subsurface tillage in conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
A.N. Kuvayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Draft Resistance ◽  
The Impact

The paper proposes a method for determining specific soil resistance and presents the results of the conducted research. One of the main limiting factors in determining the working width of the tillage implement is specific soil resistance. This indicator is a quantitative characteristic of the labor intensity of soil tillage. Therefore, when designing new machinery, it is necessary to have reliable data on its value. The data presented in the scientific literature on the value of specific soil resistance are average and do not take into account the parameters of tillage working tools. Therefore, the determination of specific soil resistance for working tools with known parameters is the current topic of scientific research. The purpose of the research is to determine the value of specific soil re-sistance for working tools with known parameters. The research method consists of the experimental determination of the total draft resistance of the tillage implement and further mathematical processing of the obtained experimental data on the basis of the rational formula of Vasily P. Goryachkin. To conduct experimental research, a laboratory unit was developed. Its design elimi-nates the impact of its weight on the draft resistance, arising from the friction between the parts of the working tool and soil. It was found that for the soils under consideration, which are typical for Northern Kazakhstan, the specific soil resistance is k = 45908 N/m2. The obtained coefficient of variation υ < 10 % indicates a slight change in the considered variation. Therefore, the obtained value of the specific soil resistance is reliable. The obtained results will be used to substantiate the working width of the tillage implement with the working tools under consideration.

scholarly journals Influence of farming systems and soil tillage on available moisture stocks of typical black soil in spring wheat crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
S.P. Tanchyk ◽  
◽  
O. A. Dudka ◽  
O. S. Pavlov ◽  
A. I. Babenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Biological Farming ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have shown that one of the limiting factors for obtaining a stable yield of any crop is the reserves of available moisture in the soil, especially in critical periods of plant growth. The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems – industrial (control), ecological and biological and four options for primary soil tillage – plowing by 20–22 cm (control), chiseling by 20–22 cm, disking by 10–12 cm, disking for 6–8 cm on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil for growing spring durum wheat. According to research, it is established that the highest moisture reserves in a meter of soil for the period of sowing wheat was obtained by combining the biological farming system and chisel tillage, which allowed to accumulate in 2018 – 199.1 mm, 2019 – 179.6 and 2020 – 159.9 mm of available moisture in the soil. The use of chisel tillage in combination with industrial and organic farming systems also provides an advantage in all years of observations over plowing combinations and both disking options with these systems. During the growing season, against the background of all studied agricultural systems, use of chiseling and disking provided the highest reserves of available moisture in the soil. However, the best option should be considered a combination of ecological farming system with chiseling by 20–22 cm, which provided for the flowering period in 2018 – 74.0 mm of moisture, 2019 – 93.7 and 2020 – 90.9 mm, and for the harvest period culture, these indicators were, respectively, 61.0, 67.7 and 61.6 mm. The grain yield of spring durum wheat in this variant was significantly the highest in the experiment and was, respectively, 4.6, 6.7 and 5.6 t/ha.

scholarly journals Mathematical model for choosing grain crops cultivation technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
V. V. Alt ◽  
E. A. Balushkina ◽  
S. P. Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
The Impact

Research has been conducted to improve the efficiency of agricultural production by choosing technology and technical equipment based on a mathematical model, taking into account the peculiarities of location and production conditions of a farm. The limiting factors of the development of grain production are highlighted such as moisture content and the sum of temperatures during the growing season, frost-free period, etc. Basic soil tillage technologies that minimize the impact of limiting factors on the yield are considered. A generalized block diagramme of the selection process of technologies and technical means for the crop cultivation is presented. Constraints are formed that affect the choice of agricultural technology such as soil and climatic conditions, phytosanitary conditions, crop rotation, availability of seeds and  equipment,  etc.  Optimization  criteria have been substantiated that allow to choose technologies and technical means, ensuring cost reduction, energy saving and labor saving while following the specified agrotechnical deadlines of technological operations. A mathematical model has been developed with optimality criteria: consumption of fuels and lubricants, the number of machine operators and production cost. The model includes the following restrictions: the agroclimatic location of the farm, personnel potential, and fulfilment of a given amount of work. The model allows to evaluate agricultural technology and technical means according to the following parameters: the minimum amount of direct costs, the minimum consumption of fuel and lubricants and the necessary number of machine operators for the implementation of agricultural technology. This model will become the basis of the software, which will be used to test the results and data obtained on a specific farm. The use of this software will increase the efficiency of agricultural production by making informed management decisions for agricultural producers in the selection and implementation of technologies.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

Method development for the determination of textural properties of sugar beet roots

2019 ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Kleuker ◽  
Christa M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The harvest of sugar beet leads to root tip breakage and surface damage through mechanical impacts, which increase storage losses. For the determination of textural properties of sugar beet roots with a texture analyzer a reliable method description is missing. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of washing, soil tare, storage period from washing until measurement, sample distribution and number of roots on puncture and compression measurements. For this purpose, in 2017 comprehensive tests were conducted with sugar beet roots grown in a greenhouse. In a second step these tests were carried out with different Beta varieties from a field trial, and in addition, a flexural test was included. Results show that the storage period after washing and the sample distribution had an influence on the puncture and compression strength. It is suggested to wash the roots by hand before the measurement and to determine the strength no later than 48 h after washing. For reliable and comparable results a radial distribution of measurement points around the widest circumference of the root is recommended for the puncture test. The sample position of the compression test had an influence on the compressive strength and therefore, needs to be clearly defined. For the puncture and the compression test it was possible to achieve stable results with a small sample size, but with increasing heterogeneity of the plant stand a higher number of roots is required. The flexural test showed a high variability and is, therefore, not recommended for the analysis of sugar beet textural properties.

Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin HCl in Rat Plasma and its Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-762
Author(s):  
Vivek Nalawade ◽  
Vaibhav A. Dixit ◽  
Amisha Vora ◽  
Himashu Zade
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
One Step ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metformin Hcl

Background: Food and herbal extracts rich in Quercetin (QRT) are often self-medicated by diabetics and can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Metformin HCl (MET) and Canagliflozin (CNG) leading to food or herb-drug interactions and reduced therapeutic efficacy. However, the impact of these flavonoids on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of MET and CNG is mostly unknown. Methods: A simple one-step protein precipitation method was developed for the determination of MET and CNG from rat plasma. The mobile phase chosen was MeOH 65% and 35% water containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Results: The retention time of MET, internal standard (Valsartan) and CNG was 1.83, 6.2 and 8.2 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 200 - 8000 ng/mL for CNG and 100 = 4000 ng/ml for MET. Precision and accuracy of the method were below 20% at LLOQ and below 15% for LQC, MQC, and HQC. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied for the determination of PK of MET and CNG by using 100 μL of rat plasma. QRT co-administration affects the PK parameters of MET and CNG. This alteration in PK parameters might be of significant use for clinicians and patients.

The Microeconomics of Product Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
The Impact

The prime objective of this book is the use microeconomic analysis to guide and provide insight into the generation and adoption of new products. Taking an approach that uses minimal formal mathematics, the volume initially addresses questions of definitions, sources, and extent of product innovation, differentiating between goods and services; hard and soft innovations; horizontal and vertical innovations; original, new to market, and new to firm innovations. The sources of product innovations (e.g. R&D, design, and creativity) are explored empirically, and the extent of such innovations is then pursued using survey and other data. Three chapters are devoted to the theoretical analysis of the demand for and supply of new products and to the determination of firms’ decisions to undertake product innovation. Later chapters encompass empirical evidence on the determination of the extent of product innovation, the diffusion of such innovation, the impact of product innovation on firm performance, price measurement, and welfare, while the final chapter addresses policy issues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document