scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF DEGRADED PASTURES OF CARBONATE CHESTNUT SOILS OF THE DRY STEPPE OF KAZAKHSTAN

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (336) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
N. A. Abdirakhymov ◽  
S. Kaldybaev ◽  
А. S. Seilkhan ◽  
L. M. Mambetova ◽  
D. R. Kulmukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Degree Of Degradation ◽  
Degraded Pastures

The article examines the degraded pastures of carbonate chestnut soils of the dry steppe of Kazakhstan and gives their detailed assessment. Physical (soil), biological (plant) indicators and geoinformation monitoring of dry steppe pastures based on satellite data of medium and low resolution are presented. Based on the results of GIS technologies and field studies, a cartographic model of the degree of degradation of dry steppe pastures is presented. The article also indicates the possibilities of scientifically grounded and developed measures for the practical solution of the most difficult problems of conservation and rational use of natural forage resources of pasture territories, which will contribute to the strengthening and expansion of agricultural production in general. The introduction of research results into production is an irreplaceable basis for the effective use of pastures, their restoration and improvement in the development of animal husbandry in the country.

THE ROLE OF THE SYSTEM OF PASTURE TERMS AND TOPONYMS OF SARYARKA IN DETERMINING LANDSCAPE FEATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
A.Ye. Yeginbayeva ◽  
◽  
K.T. Saparov ◽  
Z.K. Myrzalieva ◽  
M.A. Aralbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Effective Use

In market conditions, one of the key issues of management is the effective use of available natural resources. In agricultural production, these are the problems of using land resources. An urgent task is the rational use of pasture resources according to the seasons of the year for the management of pasture cattle breeding. The article considers the reflection in geographical names of pasture names and terms used in traditional animal husbandry, which provide important information about the features of the landscape. In addition, the regularities of the use of natural conditions by the ethnic group that inhabited this territory, the spatial distribution of pasture terms characteristic ofa particular landscape are determined.

scholarly journals Soybean: sources from the VIR collection of genetic resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
A. Y. Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Leguminous Crops

Soybean is an extremely valuable crop due to its unique biochemical composition, which underpins multifunctional utilization of this crop and high profitability of its industrial and agricultural production. Soybean seeds accumulate up to 45% of high-quality vegetable protein, which is close in composition to the protein of animal origin. Soybean is also of great importance as an oil-producing crop, accumulating up to 28% of oil in its seeds. It is widely used in animal husbandry for the production of maize-soybean silage and haylage. It can also be used as a green manure crop to enrich the soil with nitrogen at the expense of nodule bacteria. High demand and the price make it a highly profitable agricultural crop. It is clear from the above-mentioned advantages that soybean is of great interest to breeders. The Kuban Experiment station of VIR conducts field studies of new soybean cultivars using the practices worked out for leguminous crops at VIR. Three years of research have resulted in identification of promising cultivars, sources and donors of various valuable traits. This article is based on the data obtained from the study of the soybean collection from 2014 to 2016. Accessions k-11385, k-11479, and i-623931 were distinguished for their high yield. The following accessions stood out for their seed productivity per plant: k-1475, k-11472, k-11535, k-11466, k-11478, k-11577, k-11467, and k-11469. The size of seeds was the best in accessions k-11489, k-11491, k-11533, k-11529, k-11537, i-623952, i-623967, i-623980, i-623958, and i-623987. Two accessions appeared noticeable for the height of lower pod attachment: i-623960 and k-11494. All selected accessions can be used in breeding programs as sources of valuable traits.

Population density and total biomass of microbial communities in chestnut soils and solonetzes of the dry steppe zone in the Lower Volga region

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kashirskaya ◽  
T. E. Khomutova ◽  
E. V. Chernysheva ◽  
M. V. El’tsov ◽  
V. A. Demkin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Dry Steppe

scholarly journals Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
R. V. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of ​​which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of ​​the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016  the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD  ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

scholarly journals About the soil-climatic border of South and Dry Steppe on the NorthWestern Black Sea

2010 ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
G. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Dry Steppe

The analyses of approaches as to determination of limit of South and Dry Steppe in different zoning are conducted. It was set the limit between darkly chestnut soils and south chernozems on the NorthWestern Black Sea; the variants of differentiating of South and Dry Steppe are offered. Key words: zoning, Steppe, south chernozems, darkly chestnut soils.

scholarly journals DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Aigul Aldungarovna Aitpaeva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
System Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Country Formation

The article focuses on the importance of digitization of agriculture for rising the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex (AIC). In order to obtain an objective picture of APC nowadays, there have been analyzed the supplies of the staples in the Russian Federation and revealed the problems with producing milk, beef, fruit and vegetables of sheltered ground. It is stated that today Russia is actively implementing import substitution strategies in the sectors of the national economy including the agricultural sector. The main purpose of functioning of the national AIC has been determined as ensuring the parameters of food security for the population of Russia. There are considered the burning issues on achieving food self-sufficiency, the solution of which lies in increasing the competitiveness of the national AIC. The emphasis is placed on the need to transfer agricultural production to the ecological and economic principles of management and the rational distribution of using all types of resources. It has been recommended to assess the soil-climatic and economic potential of the territory in order to identify the priorities of food self-sufficiency for basic types of food in all regions of the country. Formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for creating competitive advantages of AIC helps to develop agricultural production on the innovative basis and to ensure the long-lasting food security at the federal level. The factors increasing AIC competitiveness are: economic soil fertility, usable agricultural areas, optimization of the structure of sown areas, system development of fodder production and animal husbandry, digitization of agriculture, etc. There have been analyzed the problems of insufficient digital prevalence in agriculture; the role of digitalization in achieving the parameters of food security is substantiated. The study results can be used to improve the mechanism of ensuring food security for the population of Russia.

Genetic differentiation and diversity of sugarbeet germplasm resistant to the sugarbeet root maggot

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-521
Author(s):  
Karen K. Fugate ◽  
Larry G. Campbell ◽  
Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran ◽  
Lorraine Rodriguez-Bonilla ◽  
Juan Zalapa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Sugarbeet Root Maggot ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Root Maggot

AbstractGermplasm lines with resistance to the sugarbeet root maggot (SBRM) have been developed and released to the public, providing a means to generate hybrids with resistance against the most devastating insect pest of sugarbeet in North America. Effective use of this germplasm, however, requires knowledge of relative strengths of SBRM resistance between lines and knowledge of the diversity and genetic relationships between germplasm. Therefore, field studies comparing SBRM resistance of four released SBRM-resistant germplasm lines (F1015, F1016, F1024 and F1043), a SBRM-resistant parent (PI 179180) and an unreleased SBRM-resistant population (F1055) were performed, and genetic analysis of the diversity and relationships between SBRM-resistant germplasm and their available parents was conducted using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Under natural SBRM infestations, resistant germplasm exhibited significantly less SBRM damage than a susceptible control, with similar, high levels of resistance in F1016, F1024, F1043, F1055 and PI 179180 and lower resistance in F1015. SSR analysis revealed genetic similarities between F1016, F1024 and F1055, while F1015 and F1043 were genetically distinct from these lines. Among resistant genotypes, F1015 and F1043 exhibited greatest and least within-line genetic diversity, indicating greater and lesser inbreeding for F1043 and F1015, respectively. Similarities in damage ratings and genetics for F1016, F1024 and F1055 indicate that these lines are likely to be equally effective at introducing SBRM resistance into elite populations and in combining ability. In contrast, F1043, with its unique parentage and genetic dissimilarity from other resistant lines, provides a genetically distinct, but similarly effective, source of SBRM resistance.

scholarly journals Sulama Otomasyonu Sistemlerinin Tasarımında Kullanılabilecek İş Akış Şemalarının Oluşturulması

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selçuk Usta ◽  
Serpil Gençoğlan ◽  
Cafer Gençoğlan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Root Region ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Flow Charts ◽  
Crop Water Consumption ◽  
Effective Use

Automation is a mechanical, electronic and computer based technology that enables the operation of various devices, systems and programs without the need for human intervention. The irrigation automation system should be planned with less manpower, more controlled and better quality agricultural production considering the environment, water resources and production cost. It should have the ability to implement the irrigation program in greenhouse, field and garden plants cultivation. Irrigation automation system is formed by following some process steps. These are; preparing the irrigation program, selecting the system components, preparing the project, preparing and testing the software and the establishment of the system. The irrigation automation system, which is passed through these stages, ensures the effective use of irrigation water, reduces labour, controls the irrigation program and reduces production costs. In this study, flow charts have been created which can help to design of irrigation automation systems sensitive to crop water consumption and soil moisture level in root region.

scholarly journals Use of Disposed Agricultural Lands in LLC “Alliance-Agro” in the Sengileevsky District of the Ulyanovsk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00153
Author(s):  
Olga Tsapovskaya ◽  
Elena Provalova ◽  
Yuri Ermoshkin ◽  
Nikolay Khvostov ◽  
Oksana Khamzina
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The paper studies the issue of the use of disposed agricultural land through the example of LLC “Alliance-agro in Sengileevsky district of the Ulyanovsk region. The authors consider the grounds for cultural and technical work and provide the results of a survey of unused arable land on the farm. A technology for the development of disposed agricultural land is proposed. Everyone knows that agricultural land is of particular importance as a means of agricultural production and is the second largest category of land in the unified land fund of the Russian Federation in terms of area, which includes the best and fertile lands making up the heritage of the country. Despite the fact that the schemes for the use of agricultural land are developed, many questions of a theoretical, methodological and applied nature need to be improved, since this is associated with incessant changes in the legal and organizational systems of land use. As a result of irrational use of land, degradation, littering, overgrowing with trees and shrubs of agricultural areas occurs. These processes lead to the fact that fertile lands are withdrawn from circulation. Our research is aimed to solve the problems in the field of the improvement of the cadastral registration of lands, the process of the organization of rational land use, as well as the most effective use of unused lands overgrown with trees and shrubs. The solution to this problem will help the rational transformation of the agricultural land use system and increase in their efficiency. Moreover it will help to solve the problem of the involvement of unused land in agricultural production and increase the efficiency of cadastral registration of agricultural land. As a result of the land clearing proposed by the authors, the sites of this object will be put into agricultural circulation, where any zoned agricultural crop can be grown from the first year of development in case of a favorable water-air regime in the root layer and complex agrochemical cultivation.

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