scholarly journals Integration of Operation Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) Through Intelligent Automation in Manufacturing Industries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elamvazhuthi Kuppusamy ◽  
Kailash Mariappan
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Final Design ◽  
The Many ◽  
Advanced Metering ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

The results of integrating OT and IT in Manufacturing Industries are Increase in Productivity, Reduction in Waste, Savings in Labor and Energy and Better Maintenance. The convergence of IT and OT in IoT has been going on for a while and there isn’t a strict division between them in the real world. Traditionally, IT is responsible for creating, storing and securing an organization’s data. At the same time, OT focuses primarily on processes that take place in the physical world-think managing productivity, people, and machinery. There are Pre Design Phases and Final Design Phases for Implementation of the Integration process. Under the Pre Design Phases, Identify the types of Assets in Industrial Zone and those that support Production and then Identify “Who” owns the hardware and software in the asset. In the final Phases of implementation we have: Requirements Phase: Interview all the system owners to gather requirements for operations, configuration and maintenance. Architectural Phase: Produce High level documentation and drawings to meet every requirement. Technical Design Phase: Produce detailed documentation such as drawings, switch configuration and VLAN, IP Address and Firewall ACLs. Implementation Phase: VERIFY “was the product built right?” and VALIDATE “was the right product built?” process. Maintain Phase: Modify configurations and assets to fix anomalies or required operational changes. The Intelligent Automation is Transforming Manufacturing Processes. The explosive growth of the cloud has made on – demand processing more accessible, more efficient and relatively lower cost. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) tools use Cognitive capabilities will replace those that don’t. There are several obvious benefits of automation that can be found in various automation projects as primary positive results. Among others, they include: #Cost Reduction #Higher Accuracy #Increased focus on core competencies #Improved productivity #Better compliance #Creating New jobs #Reducing Employee turnover. Three types of automation in production can be distinguished: 1. Fixed automation, 2. Programmable automation, and 3. Flexible automation. In many industries IT and OT convergence already happens since quite some time (Oil and Gas is just one of the many). Utilities are realizing that to reap the full benefits of advanced metering and smart grid systems, IT and OT must work together. The convergence of IT and OT is about systems, standards and a new way of thinking. We are in the start of Industry 4.0, the industrial internet, cyber – physical systems and evolutions in areas and markets such as Building Management systems, smart metering and critical power.

Development of a Global Policy of All-Pervading E-Learning, Based on Transparency, Strategy, and Model of Cyber Triple H-Avatar

2016 ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Alexander Bershadsky ◽  
Alexander Bozhday ◽  
Tatiana Noskova ◽  
Svetlana Muminova
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Design ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Triple H

This chapter brings the sciences of services to a new level, to implementation of embedded systems and networks and is becoming to Sciences of Services with the Cyber Control and Engineering (SSCCE). Purpose of chapter is show possible ways of developing global policy all-pervading e-learning, based on transparency, strategy and model of Cyber Triple H-Avatar. Realization of this purpose is the result of interdisciplinary design, which can be roughly divided into three main components. Stage of solving the problem at the application level, when need to find the right methods and algorithms without implementation details. It is the work of specialists of computer science, it is called an architectural, or high-level system design. The implementation phase, during which engineers, programmers and application specialists provide a previously defined requirements such as functionality required dynamic behavior, reliability and safety of operation, size, power consumption, cost and manufacturability of replication, need people equally well versed in technology and business. Us are offered is use aspects method of the designing.

A Global Migration Risk to Partially Constrained Long Pipelines Subject to Localized Thermal Gradient Cycles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxiao Nick Wang ◽  
Emil A. Maschner ◽  
Rob Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Final Design ◽  
General Production ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
High Level

In recent years the progressive migration of pipelines along their length when subject to routine cyclic operation has become a serious design problem for a number of deepwater developments. Due to parameter uncertainties and need for simplified modelling assumptions a high level of uncertainty can exist in regard to the final design outcome. This often necessitates a ‘wait and see’ approach in regard to installing costly pipe anchors or evaluating the risks imposed by displacement loads at or in the vicinity of vulnerable structures located along the flowlines. This paper addresses a recently discovered phenomenon identified during studies of the global movement of long pipelines. These flowlines may be seated on variable slopes with significant routine thermal heat-up/cool-down gradients from both general production and shutdown dieseling operations. Traditional global mitigation involves short or non-cyclically-constrained pipelines which move towards their cold end or down seabed slopes. The topic described within this paper is for long partial or cyclically constrained pipelines which are capable of moving towards either end of the pipeline if subject to exceptional loading conditions. In this paper the new type of pipeline global migration phenomenon or ‘caterpillar-type’ locomotion is discussed. An analytical method has been developed to capture the mechanism and highlight its sensitivity in regard to changes in design parameter. Worked examples from design projects are given and the overall findings discussed. The phenomenon and the design solutions presented should be topical to current deepwater pipeline designs within the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals Mengaplikasikan Integritas Gembala Jemaat menurut Surat-surat Penggembalaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Markus Sudjarwo
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Epistles ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
Basic Force ◽  
Pastoral Letters ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

Integrity is a quality of character that must be possessed by every pastor. that is the quality of the character which is not blameworthy lives according to the word and does not sacrifice the right principles when under pressure. In the pastoral letters of the Apostle, Paul gives a reference and at the same time firmness to the pastors of the church who carry out his pastoral service. The purpose of this article is how pastors apply the concept of integrity in service according to the Pastoral Epistles. With a qualitative approach, this study applies a descriptive method to the pastors of the Pentecostal Church assembly in Indonesia in the Nabire area of the city. The conclusion is, integrity is really very important for a pastor because it is a basic force in a pastor's ministry. The value of a ministry is not determined by the high level of education or the many hours of flying in the ministry, but by the integrity of a pastor's church.  AbstrakIntegritas adalah kualitas karakter yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap gembala jemaat. yaitu kualitas karakter yang tidak tercela, hidup sesuai dengan perkataan, dan tidak mengorbankan prinsip yang benar saat berada di bawah tekanan. Dalam surat-surat penggembalaan Rasul Paulus memberikan acuan dan sekaligus ketegasan terhadap para gembala jemaat yang menjalankan pelayanan penggembalaannya. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah bagaimana para gembala mengaplikasikan konsep integritas dalam pelayanan menurut Surat-surat penggembalaan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menerapkan metode deskriptif pada gembala-gembala sidang Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia di wilayah Nabire kota. Kesimpulannya adalah, integritas sungguh sangat penting bagi seorang gembala jemaat, karena merupakan kekuatan dasar dalam pelayanan seorang gembala. Nilai dari sebuah pelayanan tidak ditentukan oleh tingginya pendidikan semata atau banyaknya jam terbang dalam pelayanan, melainkan oleh integritas diri seorang gembala jemaat.

Analysis of Experience in Building Operation Management Systems for the Foreign and Russian Oil and Gas Companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
D.A. Nikitina ◽  
◽  
S.N. Petryaev ◽  
I.S. Sivokon ◽  
E.E. Fomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Operation Management ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

The performed analysis showed that integrity management is required for ensuring stable and reliable operation. Along with many other processes in the field of industrial safety, integrity management is an important process for the prevention of cases of equipment depressurization, and, therefore, for preventing people by storing hydrocarbons inside the pipelines and vessels. High quality integrity management leads to high production operations efficiency and has a positive effect on the entire business. The article presents the results of the implementation of operation management systems (OMS) in various companies. It shows how deeply integrity management, being part of OMS, is integrated into all the areas of production operation activity. To achieve the high level of production operations reliability, all the industrial and occupational safety processes must be interconnected and form a single system. The conducted analysis shows that OMS of different companies have both similarities and differences. OMS is often developed based on the existing industrial and occupational safety management systems, which explains the focus of such systems on safety. The latest statistics show that this is the right approach, however, OMS of different companies differ from each other due to different experiences, the size of the company, the specifics of the country of operation and the presence of current problems. It is fair to note that there is no single correct OMS structure since each company must consider its own needs and its own specifics when developing its system. However, in general, the development and implementation of such systems contribute to improving the reliability, safety and efficiency of production operation activities. However, in general, the development and implementation of such systems facilitate the improvement of the reliability, safety and efficiency of production operation activities.

Eksistensi Penanaman Investasi Asing di Indonesia dan Hak Menguasai Negara Berdasarkan Pasal 33 UUD NRI Tahun 1945

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Rihantoro Bayu Aji
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

 AbstractActually the existence of foreign investment in Indonesia is not new phenomenon, due to foreign investment exist since colonialism era.The existence of foreign investment is still continuing to Soeharto era until reformation era. Spirit of foreign investment in colonialism era, Soharto era, and reformation era are different. Foreign investment in colonialsm era just explore of nation asset and ignore of nation welfare, and this matter is different from the character of foreign investment in Soeharto era also reformation era. Eventhough the involvement of foreign investor have any benefits to the host country, but on the other hand foreign investment have business oriented only whether the investment is secure and may result of profit. Refer to The Law Number 25 Year of 2007 Concerning Investment (hereinafter called UUPM) can not be separated from various interest that become of politic background of the law, even the law tend to liberalism of investment. Liberalism in the investment sector particularly of foreign investment basically exist far from issuing of UUPM, and the spirit of liberalism also stipulate in several rules among others The Law Number 5 Year of 1999 Concerning Prohibitation of Anti Trust and Unfair Competition, The Law Number 22 Year of 2001 Concerning Oil and Gas, The Law Number 7 Year of 2004 Concerning Water Resource, and also The Law Number 30 Year of 2009 Concerning Electricity.   Many rules as mentioned above has liberalism character and also indicator opposite wit the right to manage of the state to nation asset that relate to public interest as stipulated in the Indonesia Constitution. Actually the issuing of UUPM in case of implementation of article 33 Indonesia Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). Due to opportunity by Government to foreign investment as stipulate by article 12 UUPM and also the existence of many rules as well as The Law Number 5 Year of 1999 Concerning Prohibitation of Anti Trust and Unfair Competition, The Law Number 22 Year of 2001 Concerning Oil and Gas, The Law Number 7 Year of 2004 Concerning Water Resource, and also The Law Number 30 Year of 2009 Concerning Electricity, so the foreign investment that relate to public service is more exist in Indonesia. The existence is reflected many foreign companies. Free of foreign investment relate to public service is opposite with spirit of article 33 Indonesia Constitution. Keywords: Foreign Investment, Right of  State, Article 33 Indonesia Consitution AbstrakEksistensi penanaman modal asing (investasi asing) di Indonesia sebenarnya bukan merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, mengingat modal asing telah hadir di Indonesia sejak zaman kolonial dahulu.   Eksistensi penanaman modal asing terus berlanjut pada era orde baru sampai dengan era reformasi. Tentunya semangat penanaman modal asing pada saat era kolonial, era orde baru, dan era reformasi adalah berbeda. Penanaman modal asing pada saat era kolonial memiliki karakter eksploitatif atas aset bangsa dan mengabaikan kesejahteraan rakyat, hal ini tentunya berbeda dengan karakter penanaman modal asing pada era orde baru, dan era reformasi. Sekalipun kehadiran investor membawa manfaat bagi negara penerima modal, di sisi lain investor yang hendak menanamkan modalnya juga tidak lepas dari orientasi bisnis (oriented business), apakah modal yang diinvestasikan aman dan bisa menghasilkan keuntungan. Melihat eksistensi Undang–Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal (UUPM) tidak dapat dilepaskan dari beragam kepentingan yang mendasari untuk diterbitkannya undang–undang tersebut, bahkan terdapat kecenderungan semangat dari UUPM lebih cenderung kepada liberalisasi investasi. Liberalisasi pada sektor investasi khususnya investasi asing pada dasarnya eksis jauh sebelum lahirnya UUPM ternyata juga tampak secara tersirat dalam beberapa peraturan perundang–undangan di Indonesia. Perundang–undangan tersebut antara lain Undang–Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang–Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak Dan Gas Bumi, Undang–Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan Undang–Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan.Banyaknya peraturan perundang–undangan yang berkarakter liberal sebagaimana diuraikan di atas mengindikasikan bahwa hak menguasai negara atas aset bangsa yang berkaitan dengan hajat hidup orang banyak sebagaimana diamahkan oleh Undang–Undang Dasar 1945 (Konstitusi) mulai “dikebiri” dengan adanya undang–undang yang tidak selaras semangatnya. Padahal, UUPM diterbitkan dalam kerangka mengimplementasikan amanat Pasal 33 Undang–Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945). Dengan adanya peluang yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada investor asing sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 12 UUPM ditambah lagi dengan adanya Undang–Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang–Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak Dan Gas Bumi, Undang–Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan Undang–Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan, maka investasi asing yang berhubungan dengan cabang– cabang yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak semakin eksis di Indonesia. Terbukanya investasi asing atas cabang–cabang produksi yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak tentunya hal ini bertentangan dengan konsep hak menguasai negara sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 33 UUD NRI 1945. Kata Kunci: Investasi Asing, Hak Menguasai Negara, Pasal 33 UUD NRI Tahun          1945

IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR NSCLC: THE RIGHT TREATMENT FOR THE RIGHT PERSON

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Yelena Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Median Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality from malignant tumors all over the world. Since most patients at the time of diagnosis already have stage III-IV of the disease, the search for new effective treatment strategies for advanced NSCLC is the most important problem of modern oncology. The results of the study of the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab were a real breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC. In the KEYN0TE-001 study, the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells was validated as a predictive biomarker of the drug's efficiency. Pembrolizumab demonstrated the possibility of achieving long-term objective responses, and a 4-year 0S with all histological types in the subgroup of pre-treated patients with PD-L1 expression> 50% was 24.8% and 15.6% in the PD-L1> 1% group. In a phase 2/3 randomized study KEYN0TE-10 in the 2nd line treatment of NSCLC with PD-L1 expression > 1% pembrolizumab significantly increased life expectancy compared to docetaxel and confirmed the possibility of longterm duration of objective responses, even after cessation of treatment. Then the focus of research shifted to the 1st line of treatment. About 30% of patients with NSCLC have a high level of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and demonstrate the most impressive response to pembrolizumab therapy. A randomized phase 3 study KEYN0TE-024 compared the effectiveness of pembrolizumab monotherapy with a standard platinum combination in patients with advanced NSCLC with a high level of PD-L1 expression without EGFR mutations or ALK translocation. Compared with the platinum doublet the administration of pembrolizumab significantly increased all estimated parameters, including the median of progression-free survival (mPFS was 10.3 months versus 6 months; HR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.37-0.68, p < 0.001), the objective response rate (ORR 44.8% versus 27.8%), duration of response (in the pembrolizumab arm the median was not reached, in the chemotherapy (CT) group - 6.3 months). Despite the approved crossover, the use of pembrolizumab in the 1st line of treatment more than doubled the life expectancy of NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression as compared to CT: the median overall survival (OS) was 30.0 months versus 14.2 months (HR = 0.63, p = 0.002), 1-year OS 70.3% versus 54.8%; 2-year OS - 51.5% versus 34.5%. The remaining population to study were untreated patients with any level of PD-L1 expression. A randomized phase 3 study KEYNOTE-189 evaluated the effectiveness of adding pembrolizumab to the platinum combination in the 1st line treatment of non-squamous NSCLC without EGFR and ALK mutations with any PD-L1 expression. The addition of pembrolizumab to the standard 1st line CT significantly increased all estimated efficacy indicators including OS, PFS and ORR. After a median follow-up of 10.5 months the median OS in the pembrolizumab combination group was not reached and in CT group was 11.3 months. The estimated 12-months survival was 69.2% and 49.4% respectively (HR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.38-0,64; p <0.001). The median PFS was 8.8 months versus 4.9 months, alive 1 year without progression 34.1% and 17.3% of patients respectively (HR = 0.52; p <0.001). The ORR in the group with pembrolizumab reached 47.6% versus 18.9% in CT group, moreover the tumor regressions were much longer. Finally a randomized 3-phase study KEYN0TE-407 evaluated the effectiveness of adding pembrolizumab to 1st-line CT of NSCLC with squamous histology with any PD-L1 expression. As the first analysis showed, the addition of permboli-zumab significantly increased OS of patients with squamous NSCLC, median OS 15.9 months versus 11.3 months in the groups of pembrolizumab + CT and placebo + CT respectively (HR = 0.64; 95% CI 0,49-0.95; p = 0.0006), median PFS 6.4 months and 4.8 months respectively (HR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.450.70; p <0, 0001) and OrR 57.9% versus 38.4%, the median response duration 7.7 months versus 4.8 months. Thus, the convincing advantages of using pembrolizumab in 1st line therapy were demonstrated in 3 randomized phase 3 studies: in monotherapy of NSCLC of any histological subtype with high PD-L1 expression, and in combination with CT in squamous and non-squamous hystologies regardless of the level of PD-L1 expression.

Governmental Censorship in War-Time

1942 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Price
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Radio Industry ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Free People ◽  
Magazine Articles

To a free people, the very word “censorship” always has been distasteful. In its theory, it runs counter to all democratic principles; in practice, it can never be made popular, can never please anyone.Everything the censor does is contrary to all that we have been taught to believe is right and proper. The Post Office Department, for example, has two proud mottoes: “The mail must go through,” and “The privacy of the mail must be protected at all hazards.” But censorship stops the mail, it invades the privacy of the mail, it disposes of the mail as may seem best. The same thing holds true in the publishing business. Censorship limits the lively competition and free enterprise of reporters. It relegates many a scoop to the waste basket. It wields a blue pencil—both theoretical and actual—on news stories, magazine articles, advertisements, and photographs. Censorship also enters the radio industry, where it may edit scripts and in some cases stop entire programs.Yet even the most vociferous critics of the principle of censorship agree that in war-time some form and amount of censorship is a necessity. It then becomes not merely a curtailment of individual liberty, but a matter of national security. It is one of the many restrictions that must be imposed on people fighting for the right to throw off those restrictions when peace returns.

Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aida Mekhoukhe ◽  
Nacer Mohellebi ◽  
Tayeb Mohellebi ◽  
Leila Deflaoui-Abdelfettah ◽  
Sonia Medouni-Adrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
Preference Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physicochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS: the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory profile and acceptance of five Jams were evaluated. RESULTS: composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble (∼62% at 25°C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value (∼89% at 80 °C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80–100%). CONCLUSION: In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.

An Aid in Selecting the Brand, Size and Other Strategic Choices for a Hotel

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Morey ◽  
David A. Dittman
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

The “go/no-go” decision for a candidate property, i.e., whether or not to actually acquire the site, choose the brand (flag), build and operate the hotel, requires the explicit consideration of the interconnectedness of the many myriad elements affecting the property's potential profits. The many facility design decisions (number and mix of rooms, capacity for F&B operations etc.) as well as other strategic choices (e.g., size of marketing program, level of service aimed for) must recognize the site's competitive features and interactions with the above. Also, the particular design and operational features for a given property will affect its different revenue streams, fixed and variable costs, efficiency and profits. The authors consider developers contemplating acquiring a given site, choosing a brand, building and operating a new hotel. They offer a normative approach for this type of decision which arrives endogenously at possibly attractive options for the brand, design and strategic choices for the site. The final decision as to which option to actually use, if any, should be based on subjecting the above identified scenarios, as well as others, to traditional feasibility analyses where judgment and expert opinion are applied. The authors' implementable approach integrates a “best practices” benchmarking methodology with regression analysis to yield a mathematical programming optimization model. A key advantage of this approach lies in its contrast to conventional approaches for site selection which often ignore the more detailed design and strategic choices. The approach deals explicitly with the complex interfaces between marketing and operations management as the endogenous site and competitive environmental factors interact with the endogenous brand and facility design choices. By identifying attractive options to be further explored (that might otherwise be overlooked), several types of errors are avoided: i) an incorrect “go/no go” decision could be recommended for the site in question; ii) even if the right decision to proceed is made, the forecasted level of annualized profits could be in error, leading to an incorrect priority for the activity; iii) the incorrect brand and facility design choices could be made for the site. Other key advantages of the suggested approach are that 1) various substitution possibilities (between more or less capital, labor, materials etc.) are considered; 2) not only is the best brand and configuration identified, but also a ranking of other brands is available if the “best” brand is not available; 3) the “best practices” at other specific sites (which serve as the basis for the recommendations) are identified, thereby enabling management (possibly through site visits) to isolate the actual cultures, processes and procedures to be transported and emulated at the candidate site. This paper illustrates the approach for two different sites.

scholarly journals Mussolini Predicted a Fascist Century: How Wrong Was He?

Fascism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Benito Mussolini ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Wide Community

In the entry on ‘Fascism’ published in 1932 in the Enciclopedia Italiana, Benito Mussolini made a prediction. There were, he claimed, good reasons to think that the twentieth century would be a century of ‘authority’, the ‘right’: a fascist century (un secolo fascista). However, after 1945 the many attempts by fascists to perpetuate the dreams of the 1930s have come to naught. Whatever impact they have had at a local level, and however profound the delusion that fascists form a world-wide community of like-minded ultranationalists and racists revolutionaries on the brink of ‘breaking through’, as a factor in the shaping of the modern world, their fascism is clearly a spent force. But history is a kaleidoscope of perspectives that dynamically shift as major new developments force us to rewrite the narrative we impose on it. What if we take Mussolini’s secolo to mean not the twentieth century, but the ‘hundred years since the foundation of Fascism’? Then the story we are telling ourselves changes radically.

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