Prevalence of occupational exposure to HIV among health workers in Northern Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Odongkara ◽  
G. Mulongo ◽  
C. Mwetwale ◽  
A. Akasiima ◽  
H.V. Muchunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Northern Uganda

scholarly journals Are health workers reduced to being drug dispensers of antiretroviral treatment? A randomized cross-sectional assessment of the quality of health care for HIV patients in northern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
Ulrike G Seeberger ◽  
Joseph J Valadez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract High quality of care (QoC) for antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to prevent treatment failure. Uganda, as many sub-Saharan African countries, increased access to ART by decentralizing provision to districts. However, little is known whether this rapid scale-up maintained high-quality clinical services. We assess the quality of ART in the Acholi and Lango sub-regions of northern Uganda to identify whether the technical quality of critical ART sub-system needs improvement. We conducted a randomized cross-sectional survey among health facilities (HF) in Acholi (n = 11) and Lango (n = 10). Applying lot quality assurance sampling principles with a rapid health facility assessment tool, we assessed ART services vis-à-vis national treatment guidelines using 37 indicators. We interviewed health workers (n = 21) using structured questionnaires, directly observed clinical consultations (n = 126) and assessed HF infrastructure, human resources, medical supplies and patient records in each health facility (n = 21). The district QoC performance standard was 80% of HF had to comply with each guideline. Neither sub-region complied with treatment guidelines. No HF displayed adequate: patient monitoring, physical examination, training, supervision and regular monitoring of patients’ immunology. The full range of first and second line antiretroviral (ARV) medication was not available in Acholi while Lango had sufficient stocks. Clinicians dispensed available ARVs without benefit of physical examination or immunological monitoring. Patients reported compliance with drug use (>80%). Patients’ knowledge of preventing HIV/AIDS transmission concentrated on condom use; otherwise it was poor. The poor ART QoC in northern Uganda raises major questions about ART quality although ARVs were dispensed. Poor clinical care renders patients’ reports of treatment compliance as insufficient evidence that it takes place. Further studies need to test patients’ immunological status and QoC in more regions of Uganda and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa to identify topical and geographical areas which are priorities for improving HIV care.

scholarly journals Fetal heart rate monitoring practices at a public hospital in Northern Uganda – what health workers document, do and say

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1711618
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ayebare ◽  
Wibke Jonas ◽  
Grace Ndeezi ◽  
Jolly Nankunda ◽  
Claudia Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ADHERENCE TO POST-EXPOSURE CONDUCTS AMONG HEALTH WORKERS: TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF AN INSTRUMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Corrêa Jansen ◽  
Maria Helena Palucci Marziale ◽  
Cláudia Benedita dos Santos ◽  
Rosana Aparecida Spadotti Dantas ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Brazilian Culture ◽  
Brazilian Studies ◽  
Translation And Cultural Adaptation ◽  
New Strategies

ABSTRACTMethodological study, undertaken between July/2011 and June/2012, whose aim was to translate and culturally adapt to Brazil the Chinese instrument (健康照顧專業人員職業性危害針扎後之追蹤) that assesses health professionals' intent to comply with conducts post-occupational exposure to biological material. The sample was random and consisted of 15 nursing professionals, exposed to biological material. The cross-cultural adaptation process showed to be satisfactory and the semantic validation evidenced that the instrument is understandable (73.3%), appropriate for the Brazilian culture and well accepted (85.2% of the items with favorable answers). The use of this instrument in Brazilian studies will permit broader discussions about actions to prevent occupational exposure to biological material and the planning of new strategies for the health services.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi . Akpuh ◽  
Ajayi Ikeoluwapo ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Idris H Suleiman ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females, and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%), and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contacts with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%); followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal and this serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers; highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Factors associated with differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in two sub-counties in Kitgum District in Northern Uganda: A comparative cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Aloyo ◽  
Juliet Kiguli ◽  
Christopher Orach Garimoi ◽  
Eric Nzirakaindi Ikoona ◽  
David Lagoro Kitara
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Heads Of Household

Abstract Background: Hepatitis E is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. During 2009, an epidemic of hepatitis E resulted in 10,437 infections and 167 deaths in Kitgum district.Objective: To investigate factors associated with the differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in two sub-counties in Kitgum District.Methods: We conducted a community survey during the 4th-31st of May 2012 in two Sub Counties in Kitgum District in Northern Uganda. A total of 474 heads of household were recruited using a probability proportional to size through multistage and random sampling methods. Two hundred thirty-four (49.26%) heads of household were from Mucwini, and 241 (50.74%) were from Kitgum Matidi Sub Counties. The questionnaire had an internal validity of Cronbach’s α=0.85. The study was approved by a local IRB. STATA version 10.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E was significantly higher in Mucwini Subcountry 97 (41.99%) than in Kitgum Matidi 63 (26.47%); χ2=12.6; p=0.000. Factors associated with differential prevalence were hand washing after latrine use with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AoR)=0.23,95%CI:0.110-0.646; p=0.003; frequency of communal hand washing AoR=0.53,95%CI:0.330-0.860; p=0.01; patients’ handling by health workers AoR=1.91,95%CI:1.410-2.610; p<0.001; frequency of village health meetings held AoR=0.69,95%CI:0.56-0.85; p<0.001 and awareness of the cause of Hepatitis E AoR=1.42, 95%CI:0.710-1.880; p=0.015.Conclusions: Factors associated with the differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in the two communities were poor personal hygiene, poor community practices and a low level of community awareness about the virus. District and health authorities should put in place measures to improve personal and household hygiene and strengthen community health education on hepatitis E.

Using reproductive health services to address sexual and gender-based violence in post-conflict northern Uganda.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneth Opiro ◽  
Francis Pebolo Pebalo ◽  
Neil Scolding ◽  
Charlotte Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Abstract Background Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including rape and child sexual abuse, remains a significant challenge in post-conflict northern Uganda, including within refugee settlements. Many victims have never sought help from health-related services. Consequently, the scale of the problem is unknown, and SGBV victims’ injuries, both psychological and physical, remain undetected and unaddressed. We hypothesized that health workers in rural Reproductive Health Services could provide a valuable resource for SGBV screening and subsequent referral for support. Methods Our project had three elements. First, Reproductive Health Service workers were trained in the knowledge and skills needed to screen for and identify women who had experienced SGBV, using a questionnaire-based approach. Second, the screening questionnaire was used by reproductive health workers over a 3-month period, and the data analysed to explore the scale and nature of the problem. Third, victims detected were offered referral as appropriate to hospital services and/or the ActionAid SURGE (Strengthening Uganda’s Response to Gender Equality) shelter in Gulu. Results 1656 women were screened. 778 (47%) had a history of SGBV, including 123 victims of rape and 505 victims of non-sexual violence. 1,254 (76%) had been directly or indirectly affected by conflict experiences; 1066 had lived in IDP camps. 145 (9%) were referred at their request to Gulu SGBV Shelter under SURGE. Of these, 25 attended the shelter and received assistance, and a further 20 received telephone counselling. Conclusion Undetected SGBV remains a problem in post-conflict northern Uganda. Reproductive Health Service workers, following specific training, can effectively screen for and identify otherwise unreported and unassisted cases of SGBV. Future work will explore scaling up to include screening in hospital A&E departments, incorporate approaches to screening for male victims, and the impact of taking both screening and support services to rural communities through local clinics with mobile teams.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV and use of post-exposure prophylaxis in a general hospital in North Central, Nigeria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola O Olaleye ◽  
Olorunfemi A Ogundele ◽  
Babatunde I Awokola ◽  
Oladele S Olatunya ◽  
Omolara A Olaleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
North Central ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Occupational exposures to blood borne pathogens including HIV have been well studied. However, limited studies exist about the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics of occupational exposure to HIV, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among health workers, and the proportion of exposed health workers reporting for follow-up three months after exposure. A cross sectional descriptive study involving ninety three health workers was carried out at a general hospital located in an urban area in North Central zone of Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used. The prevalence of occupational exposure, utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up rate were assessed using self administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and descriptive analysis was carried out. It was reported that, 73.1% of respondents at least one or more occupational exposures to HIV and other blood borne pathogens through accidental needle injury/prick, blood splash on a fresh wound or conjunctiva exposure in the last one year. Needle stick injury occurred in 83.8% of all respondents who had occupational exposures. 8.8% of exposed respondents commenced post exposure prophylaxis with two-thirds completing the post exposure prophylaxis regimen. Only one (25%) of those who completed the regimen reported for follow-up. Occupational exposures to HIV are common among health workers. The rates of utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up were low.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.6635   International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 11-17

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV: a conflict situation for health workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kumakech ◽  
S. Achora ◽  
V. Berggren ◽  
F. Bajunirwe
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Conflict Situation
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