scholarly journals THE PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF HEMOSTASIS DISORDERS DETECTION FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION OF THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS IN WOMEN WITH ANTENATAL FETAL DEATH

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Antonina Kotenok ◽  
Nazariy Hychka ◽  
Vasyіl Beniuk
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Hemostatic System

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific debate on the diagnosis and prevention of disorders in hemostatic blood system in women with antenatal fetal death. The main purpose of this investigation is to study the changes in the hemostatic system in pregnant women with antenatal fetal death, namely to evaluate the features of procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic units of the hemostatic system in women with antenatal fetal death. The systematization of literary sources and approaches to the problem of hemostatic disorders in antenatal fetal death provides an opportunity to confirm the importance of this issue, to reasonably evaluate the risks during pregnancy in each particular woman and, first of all, to prevent the occurrence of this complication. This article presents the results of a retrospective study of individual case histories of pregnant women and the case histories of childbirth of women with antenatal fetal death and physiological pregnancy in the period from 2016 to 2018. The relevance of the study of this pathology is that every fifth woman of reproductive age faces a problem such as perinatal loss. In the structure of perinatal losses, antenatal fetal death occupies a special place, which can lead to the development of fetal loss syndrome, DIC, infectious complications in the mother and infertility or subfertility in the future, which in general has a negative impact on the reproductive potential of the nation. In the course of our work we evaluated such coagulogram indicators as: prothrombin index, thrombin time, activated partial thrombin time, soluble fibrin monomer complexes, plasma fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and protein C. It is established that pregnant women with antenatal fetal death are characterized by increased blood clotting activity against the background of suppression of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic units of hemostasis. Determination of the activity of antithrombin III informs about the state of anticoagulation system of the body and provides an opportunity to adjust the treatment with anticoagulant drugs of direct action. Indicators of coagulogram canʼt fully reflect the state of hemostasis during pregnancy, so the search for new methods of early diagnosis of imbalance in the system of hemostasis during pregnancy remains relevant at this stage. These studies may be useful for gynecologists, especially in women's counseling, for the formation of risk groups for pregnant women and for preventive measures to prevent antenatal fetal death.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HEPARINOID FROM PAEONIA LACTIFLORA ON HEMOSTATIC SYSTEM WITHIN CONDITIONS OF PRETHROMBOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
M. G. Lyapina ◽  
M. S. Uspenkaya ◽  
E. S. Maistrenko ◽  
M. D. Kalugina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Paeonia Lactiflora ◽  
Fibrin Polymerization ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Hemostatic System

The search and development of direct and rapid anticoagulants used per os, is an urgent problem in physiological and medical science. A number of plants contain heparin-like components with a positive effect on the hemostatic system, both within normal and in some pathological conditions of the body.The aim of the work was to study the complex effect of fibrin, a heparin-like substance (heparinoid) from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora, on fibrinolytic, anticoagulant systems of the body and polymerization processes, when it is administered per os in animals within normal conditions and when modeling the state of prethrombosis.Materials and methods. To carry out the research, the roots of Paeonia lactiflora growing in the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University, and laboratory animals – male Wistar rats – were used. To study the antithrombotic effects of the extract from roots containing heparinoid, the state of prethrombosis was modeled in rats. The determined parameters of hemostasis were: anticoagulant activity according to the tests of activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, fibrinolytic activity according to the test of total fibrinolytic activity, fibrin polymerization according to the test of fibrindepolymerization activity of blood plasma.Results. With repeated (every 24 hours within 3 days) oral administration of the extract containing heparinoid, in animals within normal conditions and with prethrombosis, the following anticoagulant effects were established in the blood: an increase in anticoagulant, fibrindepolymerization and fibrinolytic plasma activity. Possible mechanisms of the activating effect of heparinoid on fibrinolysis and anticoagulant properties of plasma due to the excretion of tissue plasminogen activator into the bloodstream from the endothelium, thrombin inhibition, and fibrin polymerization are described. Moreover, the anticoagulant effect of the use of the extract from the peony roots was equivalent to that of the reference drug of low molecular weight heparin from Celsus (USA). For the first time, it was revealed that when modeling experimental prethrombosis, the administration of heparinoid in rats at the dose of 37.5 IU/kg МЕ/кг body weight restored impaired hemostasis, which requires a further study.Conclusion. The ability of heparinoid from peony roots to normalize the functional state of the anticoagulant system during the development of prethrombosis in animals has been established. The restriction of fibrin polymerization during oral administration of heparinoid from peony in animals by increasing the enzymatic fibrinolytic and fibrindepolymerization activity of blood plasma was revealed. In the future, heparinoid can be used as an antithrombotic agent.

Influence of pregnancy on iron and copper exchange rates in women with normal body weight and women with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
E. L. Makarova ◽  
N. A. Terekhina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

The number of obese pregnant women increases annually and reaches 20-30%. The metabolism of hormones and minerals changes in the presence of a large amount of adipose tissue in the body of a pregnant woman, which leads to a number of obstetric and perinatal problems. The aim of the work is to study and compare the influence of the gestational process on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women with normal body weight and women with obesity. In the blood serum of 125 women of reproductive age, the content of hemoglobin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, copper and ceruloplasmin was determined. The influence of pregnancy on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women was revealed. Pregnancy in women with normal body weight increases the content of transferrin and ceruloplasmin. Correlation of ceruloplasmin and ferritin content with body mass index of obese pregnant women was revealed. In pregnancy with concomitant obesity, hyperferritinemia is formed with a reduced content of hemoglobin and serum iron. Knowledge of the indicators of iron and copper metabolism is necessary to optimize the observation of pregnant women, effective prevention and prediction of obstetric and perinatal complications.

FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PLATELETS AT THE PRE-CLINICAL STAGE OF PREECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Grigorieva N.A. ◽  
Glukhova T.N.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Main Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Hemostasis System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology

The only effective method of treating pregnant women with developed preeclampsia is timely delivery, so it is an urgent task to establish predictors of preeclampsia in order to predict its development.The aim of the work is to evaluate the platelet link of the hemostasis system in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy in patients with preeclampsia that developed after 34 weeks of pregnancy, to establish informative markers for predicting the development of preeclampsia after 34 weeks of pregnancy A survey of 210 apparently healthy women of active reproductive age (18-34 years) was carried out. Patients with multiple pregnancies, autoimmune pathology, arterial hypertension, heart defects, varicose veins, diabetes mellitus, hereditary thrombophilia were excluded from the study. All patients received voluntary informed consent to use the survey data for scientific purposes. In 20 patients, the course of pregnancy was complicated by the development of moderate preeclampsia after 34 weeks of pregnancy, these patients constituted the main group. 190 women with physiological pregnancy made up the comparison group. The study of the state of the platelet link of the hemostasis system was carried out using a VS-3000 + hematological analyzer, the number of platelets, their average volume, the root-mean-square value of the spread of platelet sizes, and the percentage of megalothrombocytes were determined. At the preclinical stage of development of preeclampsia (at 20-22 weeks), a decrease in the number of platelets and an increase in functional activity in the form of an increase in the rate of platelet anisocytosis, the average volume of platelets and the number of megalothrombocytes were found in pregnant women of the main group. Determination of indicators of the state of the platelet hemostasis at 20-22 weeks of gestation can be used to predict the development of moderate preeclampsia after 34 weeks of gestation.

Historical Analysis of the Risk of Hepatitis E and Its Complications in Pregnant Women in Nepal, 1996–1998

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert McNair Scott ◽  
Brittany L. Kmush ◽  
Kundu Norkye ◽  
Meera Hada ◽  
Mrigendra Prasad Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Prospective Risk

Hepatitis E (HE) during pregnancy can be fatal; there are no prospective risk estimates for HE and its complications during pregnancy. We followed 2,404 pregnant women for HE and pregnancy outcomes from 1996 to 1998. Subjects from Nepal were enrolled at an antenatal clinic with pregnancy of ≤ 24 weeks. Most women (65.1%) were anti-HE virus negative. There were 16 cases of HE (6.7 per 1,000); three mothers died (18.8%) having had intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). Thirteen mothers survived: five preterm and seven full-term deliveries, one IUFD. HE among seronegative women was the sole cause of maternal death and increased the risk of IUFD (relative risk [RR]: 10.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.29–26.3) and preterm delivery (RR: 17.1, 95% CI 7.56–38.5). HE vaccination of females in at-risk regions before or as they attain reproductive age would reduce their risk for preterm delivery, IUFD, and maternal death.

scholarly journals Food Quality and Nutritional Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women in The Non-Lotted Area on the Outskirts of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubga W. Adama ◽  
Zongo Urbain ◽  
Somé W. Jérôme ◽  
Nikiema P. Augustin ◽  
Savadogo Aly
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: To contribute to the fight against malnutrition among women of reproductive age, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of food and the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to September 2018 to explore the frequency and distribution of the dietary, socioeconomic, and health characteristics of pregnant and lactating women as well as their nutritional status. The target population consisted of 124 pregnant women and 118 nursing women age between 15 to 49 years. Results: The prevalence of acute malnutrition was 30.9% among women in general, 1.6% with severe malnutrition according to the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). In terms of the body mass index (BMI), the prevalence of malnutrition among lactating women was 13.5%; 10.5% with moderate malnutrition and 3.5% with severe malnutrition. The women aged between 15 to 49 years had poor dietary diversity. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) was estimated at 4.14±0.86. This score was 4.19±0.87 in pregnant women and 4.09 ± 0.85 in lactating women. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P = 0.20 and OR = 0.82) [0.4; 1.4]. A substantial proportion (19.8%) of women had a low DDS (< 5), with a rate of 16.9% among pregnant women and 22.9% among lactating women. Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of food and nutrition insecurity in semi-urban areas, particularly in "undeveloped" areas. Improving the living conditions of the populations in these localities, in parallel with nutritional education actions, could help to reduce the disease.

PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH DIABETES. MODERN APPROACHES TO CHILDBIRTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Tertyshnyk ◽  
Iryna Borysivna Borzenko ◽  
O. A. Liashchenko ◽  
O. B. Ovcharenko ◽  
M. O. Medviedieva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Fetoplacental Complex

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in the women of reproductive age. Pregnant women with this disease often have placental dysfunction, which manifests itself in fetal growth retardation, dehydration and requires delivery by a cesarean section. To evaluate the effect of antiprogesterone use on cervical maturation and optimization of delivery in pregnant women with placental dysfunction resulted from diabetes, 120 women were examined according to generally accepted norms. Ultrasound examination with Doppler velocimetry of the fetoplacental complex vessels and measurement of the uterus neck, hormonal examination to determine the level of hormones (progesterone, oxytocin, prostaglandin E2) by enzyme−linked immunosorbent assay, endothelial dysfunction factors (VEGF, endothelin, еNOS), assessment of uterus neck according to Bishops' score and the course of childbirth by cardiotocography and partogram, the newborn condition on the Apgar scores, newborn weight, glycometric condition of the mother. Preparation of pregnant women for childbirth was carried out by intracervical injection of prostaglandins of group E2 (dinoprostone); Foley catheter; antiprogesterone drug (mifepristone). The research has found that diabetes complicates the course of pregnancy with placental dysfunction in almost every second pregnant woman due to endothelial dysfunction, especially in the fetoplacental complex, which can be determined at an earlier stage of pregnancy by studying endothelial factors. The need for initiating the premature birth in pregnant women with diabetes is stipulated by the impairments in mother and fetus (placental dysfunction, diabetic fetopathy, distress), which requires preparation of the cervix for the labor induction. The most effective pre−induction of pregnant women with diabetes was the pathogenetic method of intracervical administration of antiprogesterone, which did not have a negative effect on the body of mother and child. Key words: diabetes mellitus, placental dysfunction, pregnant women, antiprogesterone.

scholarly journals Some features of the hemostasis system in pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
V.І. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Hemostasis System ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

The objective: a study of the hemostasis system in pregnant women with a risk of preeclampsia development.Materials and methods. 100 pregnant women with the risk for preeclampsia (main group) were examined. The risk factors were determined according to the Guideline “Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy”, Order No. 676 of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The control group contained of 50 healthy women with physiological pregnancy. The groups were representative in age and reproductive history.The following indicators of hemostasis were studied: the platelet system (the number of platelets, their aggregation ability and the total platelet aggregation index (TPAI), the coagulation system (autocoagulation test, thrombin time, prothrombin index, fibrinogen concentration) and the state of the fibrinolysis system which was determined by such indicators: plasma level of free heparin, activity of antithrombin III, indicators of ethanol and protamine sulfate tests, concentration of soluble fibrin in blood plasma.Results. In pregnant women with a risk of preeclampsia, there are changes in platelet hemostasis indicators: a significant decrease in the number of platelets and a significant (p<0.05) increase in platelet aggregation ability, there is a tendency to an increase in TPAI indicators. In the main group a significant increase in the fibrinogen concentration, plasma lysis indicators and a tendency to an increase of the free heparin concentration, a decrease of antithrombin III and, in comparison with the indicators in healthy women, a 3-fold increase in the content of soluble fibrin (p<0.05) were found.Conclusions. In pregnant women with a risk of preeclampsia development, there are disorders in the vascular-platelet hemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolytic blood systems, namely, a significant tension in the platelet link of the system, an increase in thrombogenic potential, and a sharp inhibition of the fibrinolytic link of hemostasis.

The effect of hyperoxia on the hemostasiological status of severely burned patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 666-672
Author(s):  
M. V. Presnyakova ◽  
V. I. Zagrekov ◽  
O. V. Kostina ◽  
Artem Sergeevich Pushkin ◽  
V. L. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Burn Shock ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hemostasis System ◽  
Burn Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand

The state of the hemostasis system was studied in 9 patients of the middle age group (44 ± 9.94 years) who received thermal trauma on an area of more than 32% (49.4 ± 18.3) of the body surface, accompanied by the development of burn shock. The standard therapy for burn injury was supplemented with HBO sessions. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen was carried out in pressure chambers BLKS-307, BLKS-307/1. The state of the coagulation, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic links of the hemostasis system, as well as the viscoelastic properties of the blood, were assessed immediately before the HBO session and immediately after it. The total number of comparison pairs was 45. Under the influence of HBO therapy, there was an increase in the activity of antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C (PrS) and a decrease in the viscoelastic properties of blood (p <0.05). Positive deviations in the values of ATIII, Pr C, von Willebrand factor, APTT, prothrombin and thrombin time, fibrinogen, factor XIII, XIIa-dependent fibrinolysis, D-dimers and thromboelastography parameters were revealed. The maximum frequency of their occurrence was recorded for ATIII (95%), the minimum - for the D-dimer (62%). After HBO procedures, undesirable deviations of the hemostatic system parameters were also noted. They were chaotic, were compensated by an increase in the activity of physiological anticoagulants and were not accompanied by complications of a thrombogenic nature. Thus, conducting HBO therapy sessions in the acute period of burn disease increases the activity of physiological anticoagulants and stabilizes the viscoelastic properties of blood. There is a high frequency of occurrence of positive effects of hyperoxia on the components of the hemostasis system. The identification of its undesirable effects indicates the need to monitor the state of the hemostasis system during HBO procedures.

Behaviour Of Exogenous Heparin In Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Fischer ◽  
M Guillot ◽  
R Girot ◽  
M Léon ◽  
P Triadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Nephrotic Children ◽  
Plasma Heparin

Behaviour of exogenous heparin was studied in 35 subjects after intravenous injection of 50 u/kg heparin : 10 healthy control adults, 8 control children with normal hemostatic system, 17 children with nephrotic syndrome without renal insufficiency. Blood samples were collected before injection and 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min later, for the following tests : APTT, thrombin time, automatised heparin assay using a chromogenic substrate (S-2238). Heparin behaviour was assessed by two criteria : recovery (plasma heparin level) 15 min after the injection ; halflife of recovered heparin. Results were compared with the following parameters : WBC and platelet count ; serum albumin and lipids ; plasma antithrombin III, α2 macroglobulin and fibrinogen ; histological findings when availableIn nephrotic children, mean heparin recovery was lower than in the control groups, very poor or even negligible in 9/17 cases. Heparin halflife was close to 37 min in most patients, shorter than in healthy controls (mean : 46 min), and dramatically decreased in 4 cases.No significant correlation was observed between the observed heparin behaviour and the considered parameters ; sensitivity to heparin was notably unrelated to plasma antithrombin III level. Insensitivity was observed in three patients with amyloidosis.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 On the Development of Premature Labor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

Background: According to the literature described, the perinatal results of maternal viral infections during pregnancy could lead to different obstetric complications; pregnant women have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to physiological changes in their immune system and cardiopulmonary system. has associated pneumonia in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes before labor, preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, fetal death, and neonatal death. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out in which databases such as pubmed, science direct, scielo, academic google, among others, were used to search for articles, these were taken from indexed journals in first and second languages. The keywords DECS and MeSH, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, preterm birth and complications were used. Results: It’s no secret that women who are pregnant due to the same condition are at higher risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant women of reproductive age, and are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery. Studies report that most cases of prematurity are secondary to respiratory complications and are done in order to preserve maternal health.

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