scholarly journals Study of the effect of dermatological phytogel on the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
В. С. Миргород ◽  
Н. І. Філімонова ◽  
О. Г. Башура ◽  
С. Г. Бобро
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
E Coli

The development of many chronic infections, including skin diseases, is caused by bacteria growing in the form of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms provide beneficial survival mechanisms that determine virulence, disease pathogenesis, or resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics. As shown by a large number of studies, biofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of dermatological diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The close relationship between the microbial biofilm that colonizes the skin surface and the negative consequences for human health makes the skin microbiome an object of therapeutic intervention in dermatological pathogenic processes. The work aims to study the effect of dermatological phytogel on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms. The objects of research were samples of gel containing dry walnut leaf extract with the sum of tannins in terms of gallic acid and dry matter 30 mg/100 g of gel, dry nettle extract with the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid, and dry matter 20 mg/100 g of gel, dry thyme extract with the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin and dry matter 35 mg/100 g of gel both monocomponent and combined. The study of the ability of individual plant components of phytogel samples N 1, N 2, N 3 and samples of combined phytogel N 4, N 5, and N 6 to influence biofilm formation have shown that the most pronounced decceleration of biofilms formation was registered in the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 and was 19.7–20.7% to S. aureus, E. coli, P. aerugenosis and C. albicans respectively. The activity of the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 was 1.3–1.4 times higher than that of monocomponent gel samples N 1, N 2, and N 3. When determining the ability of the test samples to destroy biofilms, it has been found that the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 showed the greatest activity, which exceeded the specified properties of samples N 5 and N 6 by an average of 1.2 and 1.8 times. The activity of single-component gel samples N 1, N 2, and N 3 was lower in S. aureus, E. coli, P. aerugenosis and C. albicans biofilm destruction. The conducted studies prove the feasibility of further study of the combined gel with the phyto complex № 4 containing dry walnut leaf extract with the sum of tannins in terms of gallic acid and dry matter 30 mg/100 g of gel, dry nettle extract with the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid, and dry matter 20 mg/100 g of gel, dry thyme extract with the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin and dry matter 35 mg/100 g of gel.

scholarly journals 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite profiling of guava leaf extract: an attempt to develop a prototype for standardization of plant extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi S. Gholkar ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Poonam G. Daswani ◽  
P. Tetali ◽  
Tannaz J. Birdi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Guava Leaf

Abstract Background Herbal medicines are fast gaining popularity. However, their acceptability by modern practitioners is low which is often due to lack of standardization. Several approaches towards standardization of herbals have been employed. The current study attempted to recognize key peaks from 1H NMR spectra which together would comprise of a spectral fingerprint relating to efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract as an antidiarrhoeal when a number of unidentified active principles are involved. Methods Ninety samples of guava leaves were collected from three locations over three seasons. Hydroalcoholic (water and ethanol, 50:50) extracts of these samples were prepared and their 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Spectra were also obtained for quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid as standards. Eight bioassays reflecting different stages of diarrhoeal pathogenesis were undertaken and based on pre-decided cut-offs, the extracts were classified as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ extracts. The bioactivity data was then correlated with the 1H NMR profiles using Regression or Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Results OPLS-DA showed seasonal and regional segregation of extracts. Significant models were established for seven bioassays, namely those for anti-bacterial activity against Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae, adherence of E. coli, invasion of E. coli and S. flexneri and production and binding of toxin produced by V. cholerae. It was observed that none of the extracts were good or bad across all the bioassays. The spectral analysis showed multiple peaks correlating with a particular activity. Based on NMR and LC-MS/MS, it was noted that the extracts contained quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid. However, they did not correlate with the peaks that segregated extracts with good and poor activity. Conclusions The current study identified key peaks in 1H NMR spectra contributing to the anti-diarrhoeal activity of guava leaf extracts. The approach of using spectral fingerprinting employed in the present study can thus be used as a prototype towards standardization of plant extracts with respect to efficacy.

Cytoprotective and antiadhesive effects of aqueous leaf extract from Orthosiphon aristatus against uropathogenic E. coli

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sarshar ◽  
MR Asadi Karam ◽  
M Habibi ◽  
S Bouzari ◽  
X Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Hymenocallis species (Spider Lilly) Leaf Extract as Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 4644-4647
Author(s):  
K.K. Gupta ◽  
Neha Kumari ◽  
Neha Sinha ◽  
Akruti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Antibiotic Property

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Hymenocallis species (Spider Lilly) leaf extract was subjected for investigation of its antimicrobial property against four bacterial species (E. coli, Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp. & Staphylococcus sp.). The results revealed that synthesized nanoparticles solution very much justify the color change property from initial light yellow to final reddish brown during the synthesis producing a characteristics absorption peak in the range of 434-466 nm. As antimicrobial agents, their efficacy was evaluated by analysis of variance in between the species and among the different concentration of AgNPs solution, which clearly showed that there was significant variation in the antibiotic property between the four different concentrations of AgNPs solution and also among four different species of bacteria taken under studies. However, silver nanoparticles solution of 1: 9 and 1:4 were proved comparatively more efficient as antimicrobial agents against four species of bacteria.

Effects of phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves on the thermal decomposition of trimethylamine oxide in squid extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchang Li ◽  
Fengxia Du ◽  
Suzhen Song ◽  
Shuangyan Li ◽  
Xianqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Blueberry Leaves

AbstractThe effects of chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside on the decomposition of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in squid extract and the main mechanism of inhibition of thermal decomposition were studied. The results indicated that chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside could inhibit decomposition of TMAO in squid extract. The amount of TMAO was increased by 11.79 and 15.76% in squid extract treated with chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside from 0 and 2.5 g/L, respectively. The contents of trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA), and formaldehyde (FA) were significantly decreased with increasing contents of chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside. There were many free radicals in squid extract at high temperatures; however, the free radical signals were weakened after the addition of chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside therein. This implied that chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside could inhibit the thermal decomposition of TMAO in squid extract, which was associated with the scavenging of their free radicals. This result provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of blueberry leaf extract as an efficient FA inhibitor for aquatic products.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Lisard Iglesias-Carres ◽  
Lauren A. Essenmacher ◽  
Kathryn C. Racine ◽  
Andrew P. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Potential Maximum

Choline is metabolized by the gut microbiota into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of pro-atherosclerotic molecule trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A reduction in TMA formation has shown cardioprotective effects, and some phytochemicals may reduce TMA formation. This study aimed to develop an optimized, high-throughput anaerobic fermentation methodology to study the inhibition of choline microbial metabolism into TMA by phenolic compounds with healthy human fecal starter. Optimal fermentation conditions were: 20% fecal slurry (1:10 in PBS), 100 µM choline, and 12 h fermentation. Additionally, 10 mM of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was defined as a positive TMA production inhibitor, achieving a ~50% reduction in TMA production. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid reported higher TMA inhibitory potential (maximum of 80–90% TMA production inhibition), with IC50 around 5 mM. Neither DMB nor gallic acid or chlorogenic acid reduced TMA production through cytotoxic effects, indicating mechanisms such as altered TMA-lyase activity or expression.

scholarly journals Relevance and Standardization of In Vitro Antioxidant Assays: ABTS, DPPH, and Folin–Ciocalteu

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Abramovič ◽  
Blaž Grobin ◽  
Nataša Poklar Ulrih ◽  
Blaž Cigić
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Standard Compound

Trolox, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and ascorbic acid are antioxidants used as standards for reaction with chromogenic radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH⋅) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS⋅+), and Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent. The number of exchanged electrons has been analyzed as function of method and solvent. A majority of compounds exchange more electrons in FC assay than in ABTS and DPPH assays. In reaction with chromogenic radicals, the largest number of electrons was exchanged in buffer (pH 7.4) and the lowest reactivity was in methanol (DPPH) and water (ABTS). At physiological pH, the number of exchanged electrons of polyphenols exceeded the number of OH groups, pointing to the important contribution of partially oxidized antioxidants, formed in the course of reaction, to the antioxidant potential. For Trolox, small impact on the number of exchanged electrons was observed, confirming that it is more suitable as a standard compound than the other antioxidants.

scholarly journals A Phenolic Fraction from Catharanthus roseus L. Stems Decreases Glycemia and Stimulates Insulin Secretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Alejandra Espejel-Nava ◽  
Elisa Vega-Avila ◽  
Francisco Alarcon-Aguilar ◽  
Alejandra Contreras-Ramos ◽  
Guadalupe Díaz-Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Rinm5f Cells ◽  
Phenolic Fraction

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. (C. roseus) is a medicinal plant used traditionally for diabetes mellitus control. Several compounds of an alkaloidal nature have been proposed as hypoglycemic principles. However, little attention has been paid to other compounds in this plant that could also participate in this hypoglycemic activity. This study aimed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of a polyphenolic fraction from C. roseus, as well as its action on insulin secretion and expression in RINm5F cells. Methods. An alkaloid-free aqueous extract was obtained from C. roseus stems. The hypoglycemic effect of different doses of this extract was evaluated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This extract was fractionated by bipartition, and the resultant fractions were assessed by their hypoglycemic effects. Subsequently, the fraction with the greater hypoglycemic activity was added to the RINm5F cells, and the expression and secretion of insulin were analyzed. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and through chromatographic analysis of the most active fraction by HPLC, using an Econosphere C18 column. Results. The aqueous alkaloid-free extract of C. roseus stems significantly reduced blood glucose in normal and diabetic mice. The fractionation of this extract provided three fractions, one of which (a precipitate) showed significant reductions in glycemia at 6 h (48.1 and 64.5% in normal and diabetic mice, respectively). This precipitate contained phenolic compounds and saponins. Its chromatographic analysis showed that it is formed by several phenolic compounds; gallic acid (0.053%) and chlorogenic acid (0.216%) were identified and quantified. Conclusion. The phenolic fraction of C. roseus containing gallic acid and chlorogenic acid had a hypoglycemic effect that may be explained by an increase in insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera on Lolium rigidum in Wheat Field: Implications on the Reduction of Chemical Loads in Agro-Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Y. A. Harun ◽  
Joshua Johnson ◽  
M. N. Uddin ◽  
R. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Weed control through allelopathic plants is a promising approach that may minimize many of negative consequences of synthetic herbicides. We have studied potential of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed) leaf extract for controlling growth of Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields. Both pre-and post-emergent ryegrass-control experiments were conducted in greenhouse using field soil. Treatments such as boneseed leaf extracts (5 and 10% for pre-emergent and 10 and 20% for post-emergent experiments) alone or as a mixture combined with different strength (¼ and ½ strength) of pre-emergent (boxer gold) and post-emergent (hussar OD) herbicides were applied on pre- and post-emergent ryegrass and wheat. The findings revealed that none of the boneseed leaf extracts alone or as mixture had significant inhibitory impact on pre-emergent ryegrass compared with herbicide alone. Although we observed significant inhibitory impacts on post-emergent ryegrass with boneseed leaf extracts alone (10 and 20%) compared with control, they were negligible compared to full strength herbicides. Mixtures had significant inhibitory impact on post-emergent ryegrass compared with herbicide alone with same doses and impact increased with herbicide concentration. Despite the greater impacts by higher herbicides concentration alone, findings suggest the use of mixture of ¼-strength herbicide and 10% boneseed leaf extract was able to control ryegrass successfully than the herbicide alone without adverse impacts on wheat. This study suggests that use of boneseed leaf extract mixed with lower doses of post-emergent herbicides may be effective in controlling ryegrass with concomitant reductions in expenses and ecological health risks linked with the practice of synthetic herbicides.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Leaves Extract Using Two Different Types of Solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Nurul Ashiqin Raja Arifin ◽  
Juliana Jumal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Exposed to the pollution has led to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human skin. ROS generated cause many skin diseases such as skin-aging, inflammation, melanogenesis and skin cancer. ROS is a family of oxygen-based free radicals that contains or capable of producing an unpaired electron. Antioxidant is a molecule that can inhibit the reaction of free radical from ROS by donating its electron. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (AVBL) is one of the potent natural antioxidant belongs to the group of Oxalidaceae which can be widely found in Asia including Malaysia. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat many diseases such as cough, itchiness, pimple, fever and inflammation. As a result, much attention has been directed towards the studies regarding the potential of this plant in treating disease. The present study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of AVBL leaves extract. The AVBL leaves were extracted using sonicator with ethanol and distilled water as two different types of solvent. The total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of this study were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colometric assay. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was tested using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). From the analyses, water extract of AVBL possessed greater extraction yield (11.231%) as compared to ethanolic extract (5.358 %). However, ethanolic extract of AVBL leaves revealed higher result of TPC (126.4±0.35 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), TFC (32.80±0.37 mg/g quercetin equivalent), DPPH (0.0019±0.0003) and FRAP (41.81±0.45 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). The results of TPC and TFC have strongly positive correlation with antioxidant capacity (r = 1). Thus, it can be concluded that this plant is a potent source of natural antioxidant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document