scholarly journals Certain issues on methodical support of forensic examinations of images on the dorsum of the hands

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Yu. Nizovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identification ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Requirements Identification

With the proliferation of video surveillance systems and an increase in their quality, it is becoming increasingly important to identify suspects using these video recordings. Given the importance of wearing masks, due to quarantine requirements, identification by facial images is not always possible. The next element of an appearance, which is usually not covered by clothing, is the hands, namely their dorsum. At the same time, there are certain gaps in the methodological support of forensic examination of hand images. The article deals with certain problematic issues of scientific and methodological support as to forensic examination of images on the dorsum of the hands. Modern scientific developments in this area are indicated, namely guidelines: "Personal identification by photographic images of hands", subsection 2.1.3: "Examination of traces of the dorsum of the hand" taken from the textbook: "Forensic examinations in the procedural law of Ukraine" and a methodological manual which is now being developed at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Special Equipment and Forensic Science of the Security Service of Ukraine. The Expert specializations were analyzed for their compliance with the type of research under consideration. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the research of images on the dorsum of the hands now corresponds to several expert specializations at the same time. An opinion is also expressed about the imperfection of the modern system of expert specializations in Ukraine.

СИСТЕМЫ СТАЦИОНАРНОГО ПОДВОДНОГО ВИДЕОНАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ АКВАТОРИЙ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Fishchenko ◽  
P.S. Zimin ◽  
A.V. Zatserkovnyy ◽  
A.E. Subote ◽  
A.V. Golik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Biology ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Underwater Video ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Underwater Cameras ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Marine Vessels

В Тихоокеанском океанологическом институте (ТОИ) ДВО РАН с 2012 г. ведутся разработки и исследования возможностей технологий стационарного подводного видеонаблюдения. Развернуты три подводныхкомплекса: два в бухте Алексеева (о-в Попова) и один в бухте Витязь (зал. Посьета). К настоящему времени накоплены значительные объемы информации в виде моментальных снимков и видеозаписей подводныхсцен. Разработаны интерфейсы для предоставления этой информации пользователям по каналам сети Интернет. Разработаны технологии поддержки работы территориально разнесенных экспертов, составляющихбиологические описания видеоматериалов, подобных тем, которые разрабатываются в ведущих зарубежныхорганизациях по морской биологии. Разработаны и апробированы методики оценивания по видеоинформации параметров жизнедеятельности некоторых видов морских гидробионтов. Благодаря непрерывностинаблюдения зафиксировано нескольких редких случаев, представляющих интерес для морских биологов. Разработаны и апробированы методики оценивания гидрологических характеристик среды на основе анализавидеотрансляций с подводных камер. Эти результаты представляются важными в контексте сопровождениянаблюдений за жизнедеятельностью морской биоты данными о внешних условиях, в которых она происходит. Продемонстрирована возможность использования звукового канала камер для регистрации и анализаакустических шумов от морских судов. Продемонстрирована возможность применения подводных видеокомплексов для организации экспериментов по изучению реакции морских гидробионтов на воздействие целенаправленных физических сигналов.Since 2012, the Pacific Oceanological Institute of FarEastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science has beendeveloping and studying the capabilities of technologies ofstationary underwater video surveillance. Three of the underwatercomplexes have been deployed in different waterareas: two in the Alekseev Bay (Popova Island) and one inVityaz Bay (Posyet Gulf). At this point, complexes have accumulateda significant amount of data in the form of snapshotsand video recordings of underwater scenes, which canbe accessed through designed Internet-based interfaces. Allthe surveillance systems contain technologies as a support ofthe work of geographically dispersed experts involved in thebiological description of video materials, similar to ones developedin leading worldwide marine biology organizations.Besides, the estimation of vital parameters of some marinelife species by the video recordings can be performed usingdeveloped and tested methods. Thanks to continuous observation,the designed systems have already recorded severalrare cases of interest for marine biologists. Hydrologicalcharacteristics of surrounding media can be studied usingdeveloped and tested methods of analysis of video streamingfrom underwater cameras. These results are especially crucialfor accompanying observations of the vital activity ofmarine organisms with data on external conditions in whichthey occur. Cameras built-in audio channels can be used forrecording and analyzing noises of marine vessels. Designedunderwater video complexes provide an opportunity forconducting experiments on studying the reaction of marineorganisms to dedicated physical signals.

scholarly journals Improving 3D-3D facial registration methods: potential role of three-dimensional models in personal identification of the living

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Andrea Palamenghi ◽  
Pasquale Poppa ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Cristina Cattaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractPersonal identification of the living from video surveillance systems usually involves 2D images. However, the potentiality of three-dimensional facial models in gaining personal identification through 3D-3D comparison still needs to be verified. This study aims at testing the reliability of a protocol for 3D-3D registration of facial models, potentially useful for personal identification. Fifty male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were randomly chosen from a database of 3D facial models acquired through stereophotogrammetry. For each subject, two acquisitions were available; the 3D models of faces were then registered onto other models belonging to the same and different individuals according to the least point-to-point distance on the entire facial surface, for a total of 50 matches and 50 mismatches. RMS value (root mean square) of point-to-point distance between the two models was then calculated through the VAM® software. Intra- and inter-observer errors were assessed through calculation of relative technical error of measurement (rTEM). Possible statistically significant differences between matches and mismatches were assessed through Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). Both for intra- and inter-observer repeatability rTEM was between 2.2 and 5.2%. Average RMS point-to-point distance was 0.50 ± 0.28 mm in matches, 2.62 ± 0.56 mm in mismatches (p < 0.01). An RMS threshold of 1.50 mm could distinguish matches and mismatches in 100% of cases. This study provides an improvement to existing 3D-3D superimposition methods and confirms the great advantages which may derive to personal identification of the living from 3D facial analysis.

scholarly journals Improving the Neural Network Algorithm for Assessing the Quality of Facial Images

2020 ◽  
pp. paper28-1-paper28-12
Author(s):  
Nikita Lisin ◽  
Alexander Gromov ◽  
Vadim Konushin ◽  
Anton Konushin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
Baseline Algorithm ◽  
Facial Images

The paper considers the task of obtaining a quality assessment of facial images for usage in various video surveillance systems, video analytics, and biometric identification. The accuracy of person recognition and classification depends on the quality of the input images. We consider an approach to obtaining single face image quality assessment using a neural network model, which is trained on pairs of images that are split into two possible classes: the quality of the first image is better or worse than the quality of the second one. Two modifications of the selected baseline algorithm are proposed. A face recognition system is applied to change the loss function and image and face quality attributes are used when training the model. Experimental studies of the proposed modifications show their effectiveness. The accuracy of selecting the best and worst frame is increased by 1.3% and 1.9%, respectively.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN METODE PENGENALAN WAJAH MELALUI SURVEILLANCE BERBASIS PENGENALAN WAJAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Tri Anindia Putra ◽  
Ketut Sepdyana Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Local Binary Pattern ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Time Accuracy

Until now, the facial recognition method is still very difficult to do, especially when the facial confirmation process is accurate in real time. Facial recognition methods that have been tested, such as eigenface, Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH), and fisherface, are feasible methods to be tested directly by applying these three methods to facial recognition-based surveillance systems. This study aims to compare the level of real-time accuracy in personal identification on the three methods through 4 parameters, namely accuracy, FAR (False Acceptance Rate), FRR (False Rejection Rate), and time condition, namely lighting conditions based on time, namely morning, noon, afternoon and evening. Based on the results of the tests that have been done, the average accuracy is obtained, namely the highest average with the eigenface method with an accuracy of 73.64%, FAR 0.11%, FRR 0.15%, the LBPH method obtains the highest average with an accuracy of 80, 91%, FAR 0.13%, FRR 0.07%, and finally fisherface got the highest average with 90.00% accuracy, 0.05% FAR, 0.05% FRR, in identifying personal. The results obtained by the Fisherface method tend to have the highest accuracy value based on the average both in terms of accuracy and the lighting conditions that have been tested.

scholarly journals CURRENT PROBLEMS OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS WHILE DETERMINATION OF THE COURSE OF ACTION OF FIRE DEPARTMENTS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-426
Author(s):  
I. Shebalkov ◽  
Yu. Panchuk ◽  
R. Huseinov ◽  
V. Suprun
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Forensic Examination

The research on the problem was carried out when solving the issues of multidisciplinary fire investigation and research on occupational and health safety, when establishing conformity of actions of authorities personnel and fire-fighting units during fire-rescue operations with the basic requirements of regulatory documents on labor protection and fire tactical methods of hostilities, use of special equipment, fire engines and fire extinguishing means. The main areas and defining characteristics of a multidisciplinary forensic fire investigation and research on occupational and health safety were identified, which include: -investigation of circumstances of occurrence and dynamics of the development of fire (analysis of the cause of fire), the principles of organization and conduct of hostilities at specific sites in specific conditions, skillful and competent use of special equipment techniques and fire extinguishing agents (investigation of actions tactics of fire departments and the equipment used by them), compliance with the requirements of the Safety Rules when carrying out fire fighting, both by citizens and employees of fire-rescue units. The meaning of the concepts: “fire dynamics”, “fire extinguishing”, “prompt actions of the State Emergency Service Units”, is disclosed. A sufficient and necessary minimum of input information was determined to solve an investigator’s tasks which in the future will contribute to improving the quality and comprehensiveness of forensic examination, regardless of the object under study. The analysis of information provided by the investigator, including at the request of a forensic expert in this category of cases, which will further contribute to a full and high-quality forensic examination regardless of fire occurrence locations, has been carried out.

scholarly journals INFORMATION AS THE BASIS FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SUBJECT AND OBJECTS OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
M. G. Shcherbakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Expert Study

The subject offorensic examination as a practical activity is one of the most important categories offorensic examinations theory. The subject offorensic examination is used to classify forensic examinations. The definition of the subject offorensic examinations through the prism of information theory categories is the most productive. Information is a part of the data about the investigated object which is used to solve a particular task. Legal information is used during investigation of crimes. The author proposes a classification of legal information. Information is divided into criminally relevant and neutral, depending on the relationship of the data to the event of the crime. Information is procedural or nonprocedural, depending on the method of receipt in accordance with the procedural law. Information is evidentiary if it presents the content of evidence by itself. Information is orienting when it’s used for organizational or tactical purposes. Information is criminalistic, expert or operative-search, depending on the methods and subjects of its receipt. Information, received by the expert during the investigation, is criminally relevant or neutral, procedural, expert, evidentiary or orienting. The data that are received by an expert, become useful information if they help to resolve issues put to a forensic expert. A special object of forensic examination (information field) is the totality of homogeneous properties of the subsumer. The direct object of an expert research is a part of a special object that is subjected to research during a specific expert study. The subject of forensic examination kind is evidentiary and orienting information that can be obtained at the contemporary stage of forensic examination development by researching a special object that is a part of the object properties offorensic examination kind. The subject ofparticular forensic examination is evidentiary or orienting information, which must be obtained by an investigation of a direct object that is the part of the properties of the particular material carrier submitted for examination.

A unified framework for capturing facial images in video surveillance systems using cooperative camera system

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fai Chan ◽  
Yiu-Sang Moon ◽  
Jiansheng Chen ◽  
Yiu-Kwan Ma ◽  
Wai-Hung Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Facial Images

scholarly journals THE NECESSITY OF REGULATION OF THE DEFINITION “DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDIES IN THE EXPERT’S CONCLUSION”

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
A. Poltavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
State Standard ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Forensic Scientists

The article deals with the problem of interpretation of the normatively fixed definition “detailed description of the studies in the expert’s conclusion”, which (that is, conclusion) is a source of evidence in the procedural law of Ukraine. There are presented the views of forensic scientists, the international standards adopted in Ukraine are analyzed, the ILAC G19: 08/2014 “Modules in a Forensic Science Process” guidelines, the draft of fifth part of the ISO 21043 standard “Reporting” regarding the content of this definition. It is stated that “the detailed description of the studies in the expert’s conclusion” is based on the dialectical-materialistic method, methods of formal logic, general scientific methods, methods of maternal sciences and special methods, that is, methodologies of conducting forensic examinations. A parallel is drawn with the latter as with normative documents that should regulate the process of description in the research part of the conclusion. Based on the obtained results of the analysis, it was concluded that in the forensic examination methodology, as a detailed program for solving an expert assignment, in the section that regulates the procedure for formalizing the research conducted by an expert conclusion, the procedure for a detailed description of the research should be determined, which allows for interpretation the results obtained (assessment of the results of the studies carried out and the formulation of conclusions) by others who did not conduct an examination, by qualified specialists having the appropriate competence to confirm the reliability of the results and formulated answers to the questions posed, including by reproducing and/or repeating the process of producing the examination. In order to solve the problem raised, it is necessary to develop the state standard of Ukraine - DSTU XXXX: 202__ “Forensic expert activity. Forensic examination methodologies. Requirements”, in which to determine, inter alia, the content of the definition “detailed description of the studies in the expert’s conclusion”.

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