scholarly journals Synthesis of thermosensitive copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide with 2-aminoethylmethacrylate hydrochloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
V. R. Duflot ◽  
A. V. Gaivoronsky ◽  
E. I. Lobanova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Thermosensitive Copolymers

Objectives. Due to the increasing number of oncological diseases, active research into developing new radiopharmaceuticals is underway. Thermosensitive copolymers have valuable physicochemical properties that can be harnessed to develop therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for treating solid tumors. The aim of this study was to develop a method for producing thermosensitive copolymers that can find use as radionuclide carriers to create therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for treating solid tumors.Methods. Using radical copolymerization in polar solvents, we synthesized water-soluble copolymers based on N-isopropyl acrylamide and 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride. The resulting copolymers were characterized in terms of molecular composition and hydrodynamic properties using gel permeation chromatography, IR spectroscopy, potentiometry, and viscometry. Changes in optical density during temperature scanning helped determine the phase transition temperature (PTT) of aqueous copolymer solutions.Results. We developed a method for preparing copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate using radical copolymerization in water and isopropanol with a content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride in a copolymer up to 23 mol %. We studied how the second comonomer affected the PTT of the aqueous copolymer solutions. An increase in the content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate in the copolymer caused the PTT to increase. We found that the change in the PTT depending on the content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate units in the copolymer had a straightforward relationship with its content up to 17 mol %. The use of physiological saline as a solvent led to a temperature decrease of the phase transition by two degrees.Conclusions. The method of producing thermosensitive copolymers by radical copolymerization in isopropanol does not allow creating a radionuclide carrier. Solutions of the obtained lowmolecular weight oligomers form coacervate solutions, which will inevitably cause the radionuclide to spread throughout the body. The copolymers obtained by radical copolymerization in water with the content of the second comonomer 2-aminoethyl methacrylate from 10–17 mol % can be used as a radionuclides carrier provided that a physiological solution of sodium chloride is used as a solvent. 

scholarly journals Strong Antimicrobial Activity of Highly Stable Nanocomposite Containing AgNPs Based on Water-Soluble Triazole-Sulfonate Copolymer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Alexander Pozdnyakov ◽  
Artem Emel’yanov ◽  
Anastasiya Ivanova ◽  
Nadezhda Kuznetsova ◽  
Tat’yana Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

A new hydrophilic polymeric nanocomposite containing AgNPs was synthesized by chemical reduction of metal ions in an aqueous medium in the presence of the copolymer. A new water-soluble copolymer of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt (poly(VT-co-Na-VSA)) was obtained by free-radical copolymerization and was used as a stabilizing precursor agent. The structural, dimensional, and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were studied by UV–Vis, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Hydrodynamic diameter of macroclubs for the copolymer was 171 nm, and for the nanocomposite it was 694 nm. Zeta potential for the copolymer was −63.8 mV, and for the nanocomposite it was −70.4 mV. The nanocomposite had strong antimicrobial activity towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms: MIC and MBC values were in the range of 0.25–4.0 and 0.5–8.0 μg/mL, respectively.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

Study on Structure and Tanning Properties of Copolymer of Resorcinol and 3,5-Dihydroxyl Benzoic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Sheng Hua Lv ◽  
Gong Rui ◽  
Di Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Monomer Composition ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Gel Permeation

The radical copolymerization of resorcinol (RSC) and 3,5-dihydroxyl benzoic (DHBA) was carried out in water by the initiator of horseradish (HRP)/H2O2. It was discussed that the effects of monomer composition on the properties of the copolymer. The best monomer mass ratio of RSC:DHBA was 60:40 and the shrink temperature can reached to 88.5oC. The tanning result indicated that the copolymer of RSC and DHPA has particularly excellent tanning properties and can be served as leather tannage substitute for chrome tanning materials. And also the mechanism of the HRP initiated copolymerization was proposed. The structure and molecular weight of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The copolymer can be as tannage and retannage in making leather process. The results showed that it has excellent tanning properties and retanning effects.

On intravenous infusions for blood loss

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
N. D. Perumov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Single Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution

The author believes that the infusion of gummy-arabic solution and the drip method of intravenous infusions of physiological saline solution are approximately equivalent and superior to a simple single infusion of physiological solution.

Effect of fluoride on the proteomic profile of the hippocampus in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Pan ◽  
Peng Lü ◽  
Lijing Yin ◽  
Keping Chen ◽  
Yuanqing He
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect fluoride-induced alterations in the proteome of the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were subjected to treatments three weeks after weaning. Animals of the first group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with aqueous NaF (20 mg/kg/body weight/day), the second group, injected with physiological saline, served as the control. After 30 days, the body weight of the fluoride-treated rats was lower than that of the control, and F– levels in serum were higher than in the control. The hippocampus was subjected to proteomic analysis, and the fluoride-treated group was found to contain 19 up-regulated and eight down-regulated proteins. The proteins, identified by mass-spectroscopic analysis of their fragments obtained after digestion, were found to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway and various other crucial functions. Our results also provide useful information on the mechanism of the reduction of the learning ability and memory induced by F.

Human Skin Binding and Absorption of Contaminants from Ground and Surface Water During Swimming and Bathing

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Dilution

Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple exposure to benzene is at least cumulative. Binding and absorption can be significant for exposures as short as 30 min, and will increase with time. Absorption with water dilution increased for alachlor, but not for dinoseb. Soap reversed the partitioning of alachlor between human stratum corneum and water. The PCBs could be removed from skin by soap and water (70% efficiency) for up to 3 h and then decontamination potential decreased, due to continuing skin absorption. The model in vitro and in vivo systems used should permit easy estimation of this area of extensive human exposure effect on risk assessment.

scholarly journals Novel Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Jasmine Tea

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2375
Author(s):  
Yayuan Tang ◽  
Jinfeng Sheng ◽  
Xuemei He ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Zhen Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Jasmine Tea

There have been few studies dealing with chemical elucidation and pharmacological potentials of water-soluble polysaccharides from jasmine tea, limiting their use in functional foods. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharides (named as JSP) were extracted from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton tea and fractionated to afford two sub-fractions (JSP-1 and JSP-2). The main structural characteristics of novel JSP sub-fractions were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Physiologically, the abilities of JSP-1 and JSP-2 to reduce ferric ions, scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as protect islet cells were confirmed in vitro. JSP-1 exhibited better antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities than JSP-2. The molecular weights of JSP-1 and JSP-2 were 18.4 kDa and 14.1 kDa, respectively. JSP-1 was made up of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid with molar ratios 1.14:4.69:1.00:9.92:13.79:4.09, whereas JSP-2 with a triple helical structure was composed of galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid as 3.80:1.00:8.27:11.85:5.05 of molar ratios. JSP-1 contains →1)-α-Galƒ-(3→, →1)-α-Galƒ-(2→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(5→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(3→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(3,5→, →1)-β-Xylp-(2→ and →1)-β-Xylp-(3→ residues in the backbone. These results open up new pharmacological prospects for the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from jasmine tea.

scholarly journals Iodometric Quantitative Analysis Method of Ascorbic Acid in Tablets

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3555-3560
Author(s):  
Costinela Valerica Georgescu ◽  
Cristian Catalin Gavat ◽  
Doina Carina Voinescu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Relative Standard

Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin provided with strong antioxidant action, that fulfills an important immune protective role of the body against infections and prevents various cancers appearance. The main goal of this study was to exactly quantify pure ascorbic acid in tablets of two pharmaceuticals. Proposed objective consisted in improvement and application of a iodometric titration method in ascorbic acid quantitative analysis. Ascorbic acid content per tablet in both studied pharmaceuticals was 173.84 mg, very close to official stated amount of active substance (180 mg). Allowed percentage deviation from declared content of pure ascorbic acid was only 3.42 %, below maximum value of � 5 % imposed by Romanian Pharmacopoeia 10-th Edition, according to European and International standards. Statistical analysis confirmed experimental obtained results and revealed low Standard Error value SE = 0.214476, which has fallen within normal limits. Confidence Level value (95.0 %) = 0.551328 and Standard Deviation SD = 0.525357. were within normal range of values. Relative Standard Deviation (Coefficient of variation or homogeneity) RSD = 26.268% was found below maximum range of accepted values (30-35%). P value = 7.44. 10-6 was located within normal limits, P [ 0.001, so the experimental obtained results has shown highest statistical significance. Thus, studied titration method can be successfully used in quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid from different samples.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM AGAINST EXOAND ENDOGENOUS STAGES OF COCCIDIA IN PIG

2020 ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Rinat Safiullin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Endogenous Stages

Coccidiosis (isosporiasis, eimeriosis) and balantidiasis are most common among endamebas, which affect pigs of different age but they have the greatest negative effect on young animals. The work was carried out in a sow house at a pig complex in the Moscow Region. The sow house was divided into four sectors with 40 sows each. Complex preparation Kenocox 4% and Emeriocide 5% at a recommended dose and exposure were used for disinfestation during the preparation of the sow house in sectors 1 and 2. The recommended dose of 4% hot sodium hydroxide solution (basic version) was used for disinvasion of sectors 3 and 4. Piglets were taken from the mother at the age of 23 days at this farm. Piglets from sectors 1 and 2 were prescribed Toltrazuril 5% at a dose of the active substance of 30 mg / kg of the body weight after farrowing on the 3rd to 5th days of age as a preventive course. Piglets from sectors 3 and 4 served as a control and were prescribed physiological solution at a single dose of 1 ml orally. The combined use of drugs against the exogenous and endogenous stages of Coccidia significantly improved the level of biological protection of the sow house, which had a definite effect on production and economic results.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 deficiency: metabolic effects, clinical evaluation, and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Synara Cavalcante Lopes ◽  
Daniel Duarte Gadelha ◽  
Manuela Dias de Carvalho ◽  
Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Composition Changes

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble essential micronutrient, required by all the body cells. Its deficiency has been implicated not only in hematological and neurological disorders, but also in many metabolic processes, such as insulin resistance and body composition changes, which have aroused particular interest in recent years. This study reviews the physiology of vitamin B12 from its digestion and absorption to its distribution in tissues, metabolic effects and controversies regarding the diagnosis of deficiency, and to dietary and pharmacological treatments.

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