EFFECTIVENESS IN HUMANS OF AN ANTIVIRAL DRUG BASED ON CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS WITH SPECIFIC DESIGN AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION AGAINST COVID-19 SYMPTOMS IN A GROUP OF INFECTED PATIENTS VS. CONTROL GROUP

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection in humans. The highest risk of fetal injury follows a maternal primary infection early in pregnancy. Despite the potential for severe fetal injury, to date there are no proven means to prevent viral transmission. Valacyclovir is an antiviral drug proven effective in decreasing the risk for CMV infection among transplant recipients. Valacyclovir is safe for use in pregnancy, and concentrates in the amniotic fluid without accumulating. A dose of 8 g/day creates therapeutic drug levels in the amniotic fluid and fetal blood. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comprising pregnant women with serologic evidence of primary CMV infection during the periconceptional period and first trimester. After informed consent, patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group (8 g/day of Valacyclovir) or control group (placebo). Treatment was initiated at the time of serological detection, and continued until amniocentesis. The primary endpoint was the rate of vertical transmission of CMV—determined by amniotic fluid CMV PCR. Secondary endpoints included evidence of symptomatic congenital CMV infection—in utero or postnatally. Results One hundred women were recruited, 90 were included in the data analysis; 45 patients received Valacyclovir and 45 placebo. There were 2 twin pregnancies, and therefore 92 amniocentesis Amongst the Valacyclovir group, 5 (11.1%) amniocentesis were positive for CMV, compared with 14 (29.8%) in the placebo group (P GLMM = 0.03), corresponding with an odds ratio of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.09–0.90) for vertical CMV transmission. Amongst patients infected during the first trimester, a positive amniocentesis for CMV was significantly (P = 0.02) less likely in the Valacyclovir arm (2/19) compared with placebo (11/23). No significant differences (P = 0.91) in CMV-positive amniocentesis were observed between study arms amongst patients infected periconceptionally. Conclusion Valacyclovir at a dose of 8 g/day is effective in reducing the rate of fetal CMV infection following early maternal primary infection during pregnancy. The drug reduces the rate of fetal infection by 71%. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of ARVI treatment regimen including etiotropic (enisamium iodide) and symptomatic treatment

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000572 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

D. A. Lioznov ◽

E. J. Karnaukhova ◽

T. G. Zubkova ◽

E. V. Shakhlanskaya

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Main Group ◽

Average Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Symptomatic Therapy ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the antiviral drug enisamium iodide in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) caused by various pathogens in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. А prospective randomized study included 134 patients who were treated in the epidemic season of influenza and ARVI in 20182019. All patients were examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Patients of the main group received enisamium iodide along with symptomatic therapy, the control group received only symptomatic therapy. The primary parameter of the effectiveness of therapy was evaluated on the scale of the general severity of the manifestations of ARVI (Total Symptom Score TSS) from the 2nd to the 4th day and by the secondary criteria of effectiveness: assessment of the duration of ARVI, the severity of fever, the proportion of patients with normal body temperature, the duration of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the proportion of patients in whom complications requiring antibiotics were noted, the dynamics of interferon status on the 6th day. To conduct a statistical analysis, depending on the efficiency parameter, the ANCOVA method with a fixed group factor and an initial score on the TSS severity scale was used as covariates, a criterion for comparing quantitative indicators in two independent groups. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the primary efficacy parameter, the median (interquartile range) of the average score on the scale of the general severity of ARVI manifestations in the main group was 4.33 (3.675.83), in the comparison group 6.00 (4.677.25; p0.001). The duration of systemic and local manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections was statistically significantly less in the main group (p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Prescription of additional therapy was required in 2 (2.9%) patients of the main group (patients taking enisamium iodide), compared with 8 (11.9%) patients in the control group. Serum levels of interferon  and interferon  on the last day of treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients of the main group compared with the control group (p0.001). Treatment (excellent) was evaluated by 42 (62.7%) patients, while in the control group only 17 (25.8%) patients gave similar ratings. Both patients (p0.001) and doctors (p0.002) rated therapy tolerance better in the study group. Conclusion. The results confirmed the safety and effectiveness of enisamium iodide as a treatment for ARVI and influenza. The antiviral, interferonogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug are involved in the formation of an antiviral response and reduce the risk of complications, which makes it possible to reduce the number of symptomatic agents used.

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Rancangan Eksperimen-Kuasi

Buletin Psikologi ◽

10.22146/buletinpsikologi.38619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T Dicky Hastjarjo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Experimental Methods ◽

Professional Psychology ◽

Control Group ◽

Regression Discontinuity Design ◽

Specific Design ◽

Series Design ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Study Programs ◽

Quasi Experimental

Many studies in master psychology and professional psychology study programs used quasi-experimental methods, but there was no reference regarding quasi-experiments written in Indonesian. This article will fill in the blanks on reference to quasi-experimental methods. The article explains quasi-experimental design or non-randomized experimental design. According to Campbell quasi experimental design is divided into four types, namely (a) quasi-experimental design without control group or pretest, b) quasi experimental design with control group and pretest, c) time series design, and d) regression discontinuity design. Each type was broken down into a more specific design.

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Outcome of Treatment with Valacyclovir and Prednisone in Patients with Bell's Palsy

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940311200301 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Sara Axelsson ◽

Sven Lindberg ◽

Anna Stjernquist-Desatnik

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Bell’S Palsy ◽

Adult Patients ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Bell's Palsy

Idiopathic facial paralysis, or Bell's palsy, shows a nonepidemic pattern that might indicate reactivation of a latent microorganism such as herpes simplex type I as a causative agent. Thirty percent of patients with Bell's palsy given no treatment will not recover completely, and 5% will have severe sequelae. The aim of this study was to find out whether treatment with an antiviral drug in combination with corticosteroids is more effective than no medical treatment at all in patients with Bell's palsy. Fifty-six consecutive adult patients attending the otorhinolaryngology department of the University Hospital of Lund from 1997 to 1999 were treated with 1 g of valacyclovir hydrochloride 3 times per day for 7 days and 50 mg of prednisone daily for 5 days, with the dose being reduced by 10 mg daily for the next 5 days. Fifty-six adult patients with Bell's palsy attending the same department between 1995 and 1996 who were given no medical treatment were studied retrospectively and used as the control group. Forty-nine patients (87.5%) in the treatment group recovered completely, as compared with 38 patients (68%) in the control group (p <.05). One patient (1.8%) in the treatment group displayed severe sequelae, defined as a House-Brackmann score of IV or worse, as compared with 10 of 56 patients (18%) in the control group (p <.01). Among patients over 60 years old, 10 of 10 in the treatment group had complete recovery, as compared with 5 of 12 patients in the control group (p <.01). The present study showed a significantly better outcome in patients with Bell's palsy treated with valacyclovir and prednisone as compared with patients given no medical treatment. This difference in outcome was especially pronounced among elderly patients.

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Study of effectiveness of antiviral drugs (umifenovir, triazavirin) against acute respiratory viral infections

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2018-215 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 215-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E P Tikhonova ◽

T Yu Kuz'mina ◽

N V Andronova ◽

O A Tyushevskaya ◽

T A Elistratova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Therapy ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Antiviral Drugs ◽

Control Group ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections ◽

Adaptive Reactions

Aim. Comparative study of clinical efficacy and safety of antiviral drug triazavirin and umifenovir in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Methods. The study included 100 patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with moderate acute respiratory viral infection. Group 1 included 34 patients receiving umifenovir 200 mg 4 times a day for 5 days, and comparison group included 32 patients who received triazavirin 1 capsule (250 mg) 3 times a day for 5 days. Group 3 (control group) included 34 patients not treated with antiviral therapy. Efficacy and safety of the studied antiviral drugs were evaluated based on clinical symptoms in the disease course and were confirmed by adaptive reactions of the organism. Results. Among patients receiving triazavirin, recovery time and fever, headache and catarrhal syndrome resolution time were less than among patients who received umifenovir. On triazavirin treatment with favorable tolerability, symptomatic medications (antipyretics) were discontinued, and the duration of their use was less, than in patients receiving umifenovir. Evaluation of clinical efficacy of umifenovir and triazavirin for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza demonstrated that the drugs effectively reverse the main symptoms of the disease (p <0.05), reduce complications incidence (18.1±2.1% vs. 55.9±3.2%, p <0.05) and contribute to the stabilization of adaptive reactions of the organism in contrast to the results of patients not receiving etiotropic therapy (6.9±2.9% vs. 12.8±2.7, p <0.05). During the use of umifenovir by day 4 and during the use of triazavirin by day 3 intoxication and catarrhal syndromes had been reversed, while in case of the absence of antiviral therapy, 55.8% of patients had continuing intoxication and catarrhal symptoms. Conclusion. The results of the study allow defining umifenovir and triazavirin as the first line of defense against acute respiratory viral infections with good efficacy and tolerability of the drugs.

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Perinatal viral hepatitis C and performance capabilities for its therapy

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases (Russian Journal) ◽

10.17816/eid40803 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

L. G Goryacheva ◽

N. V Rogozina ◽

V. A Greshnyakova ◽

V. V Ivanova

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Sustained Viral Response ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Viral Hepatitis C ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

Biochemical Indices

The aim of the study: to establish the rate of the vertical transmission of HCV infection and justify the usefulness of the drug a-IFN2b (Viferon®) in children with perinatal infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) at the early stages of the disease. There were examined 465 children aged 2.5 months to 3 years old (at the time of the enrollment in the study), born to mothers with HCV infection and the frequency of transmission from mother to child was established to be is 7.1% (33 cases). In 54.5% the genotype 1b was recorded, in 3% - 1a, and in 6.0 % - 2 genotype. Viferon® drug in doses of 3х10 6IU/m 2 was introduced to 17 infants aged from 3 to 12 months (duration of the course: 6 months in cases with 3, 2 genotype and 12 months - in patients with genotype 1). The efficacy of therapy was 58.8 % (RNA HCV (-) 10 cases. In prescription the drug to children under 6 months the efficacy was 62.5%, under 6-12 months - 44.4%. In the control group (16patients) spontaneous viral clearance was established to be in 18.7% of cases. The medication did not cause adverse effects and was well tolerated by children. In none out of the 17 children treated with the drug Viferon®, we have not reported adverse events (clinical symptoms, abnormalities in the hemogram and biochemical indices). The obtained data confirm the expediency of the early use of antiviral drug Viferon® in the treatment of children with perinatal HCV. Nо significant difference in the efficacy of therapy in different genotypes of the virus was identified. Virtually in all children (9 out of 10 children) responded to Viferon® therapy, there was noted Sustained Viral Response

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Effectiveness of antiviral drug Kagocel® in complex treatment of viral and bacterial pneumonia in hospital

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2019-2-27(402)-14-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (27) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

A. F. Popov ◽

A. I. Simakova ◽

I. A. Komarova

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Therapy ◽

Bacterial Pneumonia ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Research Work ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibacterial Drug

Viruses that cause acute respiratory infections are currently widespread and are reported worldwide. Among the most dangerous among them are influenza viruses, with a difficult to predict course and the possibility of rapidly developing life-threatening complications that can lead to death.The purpose of the research work: to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of community-acquired viral-bacterial pneumonia in hospital patients using only antibacterial therapy as an etiotropic treatment in comparison with the combined use of antibacterial therapy and the antiviral drug Kagocel®.Materials and methods. An open, prospective comparative study was conducted (from January 1 to December 31, 2018) to study the effectiveness of monotherapy compared with combination therapy with the antiviral drug Kagocel® for 60 patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia who were admitted during the period of an epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. All patients were treated in the infectious ward of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, (Vladivostok, Russia). Patients were divided into 2 groups, 30 people each, comparable in age, gender and timing of admission to the hospital. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 65 years. The first group consisted of patients who received an antibacterial drug (control group) as an etiotropic therapy, the second group — those who received a combination of antibacterial and antiviral (Kagocel®) drugs (experimental group).Results. In the group of patients receiving both antibacterial and antiviral therapy with Kagocel®, there was a significant reduction in the duration of the febrile period and catarrhal manifestations compared with patients taking only antibiotics as part of etiotropic therapy. An analysis of the data showed that the use of Kagocel® in the treatment of viral-bacterial pneumonia significantly facilitates the patient’s condition during the illness, shortens the duration of the disease, reduces the duration of the main clinical symptoms of pneumonia, namely the duration of intoxication, catarrhal syndromes, and physical changes in the lungs.Conclusions. The use of the antiviral drug Kagocel® in the treatment of community-acquired viral-bacterial pneumonia leads to a more rapid relief of the main symptoms of the disease and reduces the duration of the disease. Good tolerance of the therapy, the absence of adverse reactions was noted.

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Ampicillin-Associated Diarrhea: Effect of Dosage and Route of Administration

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.59.2.172 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 172-172

Author(s):

John A. Phillips ◽

Frederick H. Lovejoy ◽

Yoichi Matsumiya

Keyword(s):

Route Of Administration ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 12 ◽

The Mean

There were two errors in the above report. In Table I, the mean number of stools per day in intravenously treated patients ≤ 12 months should have been 1.4, not 5.4. The mean number of stools per day in the control group ≤ 12 months should have been 1.6 instead of 4.6.

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Effects of route and level of administration of procaine penicillin on the performance of broiler chickens

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas93-013 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 141-147

Author(s):

F. G. Proudfoot ◽

R. M. G. Hamilton ◽

E. D. Jackson ◽

H. W. Hulan ◽

C. D. C. Salisbury

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Route Of Administration ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Control Group ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Procaine Penicillin ◽

Body Weights ◽

Group 3

Three experiments were done to determine the effects of administering procaine penicillin G to broiler chickens. In exps. 1 and 2, groups of 100 male, day-old chicks received one of the following treatments: (1) control, no penicillin; (2) 27.5 mg penicillin kg−1 added to the diet; (3) an amount of penicillin added to the drinking water equivalent to the amount consumed the previous day by the birds in group 2; and (4) same route of administration as group 3, except the dose was one half of the daily intake by group 3. In exp. 3, both female and male (1200 each) broiler chickens were given diets that contained either 0, 1.1, 2.2 or 4.4 mg kg−1 of penicillin. Each experiment was terminated when the birds were 42 d of age. Route or level of penicillin administration had no effect (P > 0.05) on mortality or feed conversion in any of the experiments. When the penicillin was added to the diets of the birds in exps. 1 and 2, their body weights at 21 and 42 d were 3.5 and 2.9%, respectively, less than those of the control group, but when it was administered via the drinking water the weights were 1–3% higher at these ages than those of the control group. Lower monetary returns (> 0.05) were obtained for the chickens in the penicillin groups than in the control group; these differences (6.6–15.6%) were due mainly to the cost of the antibiotic. In exp. 3, higher body weights (P < 0.05) at 21 d (3.6–5.4%) but not (P > 0.05) at 42 d were obtained for the birds given penicillin-supplemented diets than for those fed the control diets. No measurable levels of residue (limit of detection 100 μg kg−1) were found in samples of kidney, liver and muscle (breast and thigh) from birds in exp. 2, which had received 27.5 mg penicillin kg−1 for the 42-d experimental period. Key words: Broiler chickens, growth promoter, procaine penicillin, route of administration, residue levels

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