Ethnic and Confessional Politics of the Reich in Occupied Ukraine (1941-1944)

2001 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Nadiya G. Stokolos
Keyword(s):  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Management ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Church Life

Orthodox church life in Ukraine from the summer of 1941 to the spring of 1944 was characterized by a sharp confrontation between two Orthodox churches, administrative centers of which were located in Volyn, in Lutsk and Kremenets. The Autonomous Orthodox Church (APC) was headed by an archbishop (from December 1941 - Metropolitan) Alex (Gromadsky). After his tragic death on May 7, 1943, the APC remained virtually without a chapter, since at this time the occupation authorities abolished the traditional system of church management. The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) throughout its time was headed by an archbishop, and from May 1942 Metropolitan Polycarp (Sikorsky).

scholarly journals The administrative and canonical status of the Belarusian Metropolis during the periods of German occupation and post-war emigration (1941–1956)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Aliaxandr V. Slesarau
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Church Life ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
Canonical Status

The article is devoted to considering the specifics of the administrative and canonical status of the Belarusian Metropolis in the diaspora, during 1946–1956 stayed in the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. The conclusion is drawn about what happened from 1950 to 1956 phasing down the status of the metropolis, which led to the cessation of its existence. One of the most important reasons for the liquidation of the Belarusian Metropolis in the diaspora seems to be the fear of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad bishop about the possible occurrence of disturbances in church life caused by the national question. The liquidation of the Belarusian Metropolis led to a deeper integration of Belarusian emigrants into the cultural environment of the Russian diaspora.

scholarly journals The Problem of Religious Tolerance in the "Feedback of Diocesan Bishops on the Question of Church Reform" (1905-1906)

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Сергий Спицын
Keyword(s):  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Law

Статья посвящена обсуждению положения Русской Православной Церкви в 1905 году в связи с вопросом введения веротерпимости. Поводом стал манифест «Об укреплении начал веротерпимости». Закон предоставил свободу всем вероисповеданиям, но никак не коснулся положения Православия. Всё это вызвало массовые дискуссии в церковном обществе, в которых особое место занимала проблема веротерпимости. Отражением обсуждений этого вопроса стали «Отзывы епархиальных архиереев по церковной реформе». В них высшее духовенство давало оценку положению Православной Церкви в условиях нового манифеста. Одни считали закон положительным явлением для церковной жизни, другие, опровергая это мнение, критиковали закон. Несмотря на разногласие во мнениях, все архиереи были сторонниками преобразований с целью активизации деятельности Православной Церкви. The article is devoted to a discussion of the situation of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1905 in connection with the question of the introduction of religious tolerance. The occasion was the manifesto "On Strengthening the Principles of Religious Tolerance". The law gave freedom to all faiths, but did not affect the position of Orthodoxy. All this gave rise to mass discussions in church society in which the problem of religious toleration had a special place. A reflection of the debates on this question was the Review of the Diocesan Hierarchs on Church Reform. In these, the higher clergy gave their assessment of the position of the Orthodox Church in the face of the new manifesto. Some regarded the law as a positive phenomenon for Church life, while others, refuting this view, voiced their criticism of the law. Despite the differences of opinion, all the bishops were in favour of change, in order to revitalise the activities of the Orthodox Church.

scholarly journals Practical and Pastoral Perspectives on Inter-confessional Marriage in the Finnish Orthodox Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-334
Author(s):  
Pekka Metso
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practices ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Family

Abstract In this article, the phenomenon of inter-confessional marriages and families is studied in the context of Finnish Orthodoxy. The focus is on the wedding services, religious upbringings and participation in Church life from the perspective of inter-confessional marriages/families: How does the ecumenical reality influence them? Sociologically, the family has a central role in relation to beliefs, religious practices and activities. The religious upbringing of most Orthodox children takes place in a family of two Christian traditions. In the lived reality of the Finnish Orthodox population, the co-existence of two traditions (Orthodox and non-Orthodox) in inter-confessional marriages is not always non-problematic. In dialogue with the Lutheran Church, the Orthodox Church of Finland has aimed to promote harmony and mutual respect for the two traditions in inter-confessional families, as well as to fortify the Orthodox identity of its members.

«МОИ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ»: ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ ВАЛЕНТИНЫ АНДРЕЕВНЫ ЗВОНКОВОЙ. Ч. 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-150
Author(s):  
Кириченко Олег Викторович
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Society ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Moral Atmosphere ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Traditional Norms

Аннотация. Воспоминания В. А. Звонковой посвящены церковной жизни автора, начиная с послевоенного времени и заканчивая 2000-ми годами. В центре воспоминаний стоит судьба самого автора, идущего сложной и тернистой дорогой православного христианина в атеистическом государстве и обществе. Автор показывает, что путь этот был непрост не только из-за преследований верующих, но даже в большей степени из-за особой нравственной атмосферы в быстро атеизирующемся советском обществе, где попирались традиционные нормы брачных отношений, где рушились привычные родственные связи и т. д. Воспоминания отмечены тонкими наблюдениями автора за жизнью современников, как церковной, так и светской. Ключевые слова: православная вера, Русская Православная Церковь, благочестие, аскетика, духовничество, старчество, церковный приход, советская эпоха, воспоминания. Abstract. The memoirs of V. A. Zvonkova are devoted to church life from the 1940-s to the 2000-s. At the heart of the memoirs is the fate of the author herself, walking the difficult path of the Orthodox Christian in an atheistic state and society. The author shows that this path was not easy, not only because of the persecution of believers, but even more so because of the special moral atmosphere in the rapidly atheizing Soviet society, where the traditional norms of marital relations were violated, where familiar family ties were broken, etc. The memoirs are marked by the author’s subtle observations of the life of contemporaries, both churchly and secular. Keywords: memoirs, Soviet era from the 1940-s to the beginning of the 2000-s, Orthodox Christian church, church, priests, parish life. Key words: Orthodox faith, Russian Orthodox Church, piety, asceticism, clergy, eldership, church parish.

scholarly journals Intra-Church processes during the implementation of parish reform in the 1st half of the 1960s

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Zinchuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

The author describes in the article some important components and features of Church life in the period initiated by Nikita Khrushchev and known as the parish reform, which, among other things, was aimed at undermining the fi nancial base of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the Church) in the USSR. It is noted that Stalin's post-war system of state-Church relations had a serious defect in the form of ineffective legal consolidation: in addition, after the end of the World War II, the question if the Soviet power praised Orthodoxy and other religions stood no longer disappeared. All this allowed Stalin's successors carrying out a number of serious measures aimed at weakening the Church. Khrushchev's religious policy differed from the persecution of the 1920s-1930s, because it included measures aimed at indirect destruction of Orthodoxy, primarily through administrative pressure on the clergy and laity. The parish reform, aimed at depriving deans of fi nancial powers and handing them over to churchwardens, appointed, in fact, by local authorities, which allowed to ruin churches and monasteries with compliance with the formalities of the regime's toleration, can be considered to be a typical manifestation of that trend.

scholarly journals ЕПИСКОП ТЕМИШВАРСКИ ДР ГЕОРГИЈЕ ЛЕТИЋ (1904–1935) И ЊЕГОВ ДОПРИНОС СРПСКОЈ КУЛТУРИ У РУМУНИЈИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Иван М. (игуман Јустин) Стојановић
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Church Life ◽  
New Foundations ◽  
First World

Bishop of Timișoara dr Georgije Letić (⁎1872†1935) was one of the most prominent dignitaries of our Serbian Orthodox Church of his time. He marked his era as a respectable hierarch, man of letters, a good and skilled organizer of church life in the dioceses that have been permanently or temporarily entrusted to him. Bishop dr Georgije Letić led the Diocese of Timișoara for many years, between 1904-1931 as a diocese bishop, and between 1931-1935 as administrator. The change of state administration (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Kingdom of Romania - Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) over Banat (which was later split between Romania and Yugoslavia), as well as the difficult and irregular times during the First World War left heavy marks on the entire territory of the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Timișoara, as well as consequences on the life of the Serbian Church in Romania. Bishop dr Georgije managed, as a skilled organizer, despite of current conditions, not only to successfully organize the diocesan life, but also to build new foundations for the upcoming generations.

scholarly journals Interferencja rosyjsko-cerkiewnosłowiańska w tekstach staroobrzędowych z XIX–XX wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-388
Author(s):  
Helena Pociechina
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
The Church

Until today, the Russian of Old Believers’ prints and manuscripts has not been subject to research in linguistic studies. The written language under investigation here, as seen in hand-written notebooks or books printed illegally, is based on the urban variant of the Russian colloquial language. Old Church Slavonic elements are prominent in the analyzed texts, which might be the result of teaching the skills of reading and writing from Old Church Slavonic primers (azbukas) and from the Church Slavonic Psalter and Horologion (Book of Hours). This feature of the analyzed texts refers not only to paraliturgical scripts (used to pray at home) but also to polemic and didactic writings, as well as texts aimed to be read aloud or sung, such as spiritual poems. Fragments of texts in Old Church Slavonic are mainly quotations or reminiscences from the Holy Scripture and writings of the Church Fathers, taken from early polemic texts. The fragments also refer to the everyday reality of the Orthodox Church life. The paper presents analyses of texts such as: “Wiecznaja Pravda” by Avvakum Komissarov, Sinodik, Skitskoje pokajanije, Czin ispowiedaniju, as well as calendars and spiritual guides.

Spiritual-Educational Works of St. Theophanes at the Vladimir Cathedra. «Vladimir Diocesan Sheets»

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Питирим Творогов
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Church Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Church

Основной целью исследования является описание трудов свт. Феофана по учреждению церковного периодического издания «владимирские епархиальные ведомости». Для этого в первую очередь излагается история учреждения и развития «епархиальных ведомостей» в русской православной Церкви в целом, а затем рассматривается подробный план конкретного издания владимирской епархии, каким он виделся зачинателю этого важного дела, раскрывается его роль в жизни епархиального духовенства и паствы, показывается духовно-просветительское значение этого печатного органа. в итоге автор делает вывод, что целью трудов епископа было вовлечение местного духовенства в активную церковную жизнь совместно с паствой. в наше время выпуски данного журнала являются ценнейшим источником сведений об истории владимирской епархии. The main purpose of the study is to describe the writings of St. Theophanes on the establishment of the church periodical «Vladimir diocesan sheets». Primarily I discuss the history and account of the emergence and development of the «Diocesan Vedomosti» that is described in the Russian Orthodox Church as a whole, and then display a detailed plan of the specific publication of the Vladimir diocese, which he saw as the initiator of this important matter. Its role in the life of the diocesan clergy and flock is revealed. The spiritual and educational significance of this printed organ is shown. As a result, the author concludes that the goal of the bishop’s work was to involve the local clergy in active church life together with the flock. Nowadays, the issues of this journal are a valuable source of information about the history of the Vladimir diocese.

The reason for the crisis of Ukrainian Orthodoxy in 1941-1944

2001 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Nadiya Stokolos
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Direct Guidance ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Church

Restoration of religious life, the formation of an autocephalous Orthodox church in the occupied German troops, Ukraine faced a number of foreign-policy and domestic problems. First of all, it is about the approach of different personalities and groups of Orthodox hierarchs to their solution. At that time, there were two irreconcilable, antagonistic concepts - Metropolitan of Warsaw Dionysius (Valledinsky) and Archbishop of Kholmsky and Podlyassky Hilarion (Ogienko). It should be noted at the outset that both these hierarchs were in Poland, which was declared by the General Governorate of Hitler and actually bordered by the Germans occupied by Ukrainian lands, most of which were included in the "Reichscommissariat Ukraine". It was in these occupational administrative formations, under the direct guidance of Hitler and his close circle, that the whole range of Ukrainian problems - political, economic, national, cultural, and church - was solved. Ukrainian Orthodox circles and their leaders have long hoped for the invaders' good will to solve Ukrainian problems and, for the most part, tried to act on the basis of their own concepts of governance of church life. All of them, as time showed, were, to a greater or lesser extent, peculiar "ideas - fixed", since they contradicted the principled vision of the solution of the church issue in Ukraine by the German invaders.

scholarly journals Exhumation: Past and Present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Levchenko ◽  
A.V. Merenkov
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Funeral Practices ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The One

The modernization of a society leads to changes in the society’s attitude towards funeral practices. This article is devoted to the study of socio-cultural, historical, religious and political-legal aspects of the exhumation phenomenon. Thanatosociological, historical, biographical, religious studies, legal and political approaches form the methodological basis of the study, which made it possible to identify features of exhumation in the past and present. The study has fixed that modern experts criticize the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) for the fact that the return to church life of already known relics and the inclusion of new shrines in it do not always meet the canonical requirements. As a result, gaining and ‘traffic’ of the last decades relics “with their historical unreliability, political background and clerical ambitions” causes direct damage to the spiritual life of a society. It has been established that exhumation, on the one hand, ‘compensates’ for losses in family relationships, gives impetus to the development of religious life, and solves specific problems of scientific research and investigative actions. On the other hand, sometimes exhumation is carried out for opportunistic, political, mercenary or criminal purposes thus, the problem of ensuring the peace of the buried remains very relevant. Keywords: funereal, cemetery, exhumation, reburial, relics

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