My rural, vernacular house in context to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Kandarp Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Long Period ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Northern Wall ◽  
Vernacular House

Vernacular architecture offers clues and lessons to people. Purpose of this paper is thus to explore and identify attributes of a particular piece of vernacular architecture and try to relate it in context to COVID-19. It highlights attributes of the house in context to reimagining and redesigning built environment in days of COVID-19. Said piece of vernacular architecture is my ancestral house which no more exists since 55 years in a village I am from. Its plan, form, building materials and setting in a village teaches few things. House of single storey in mud construction was over a small plot of about 9 meters by 12.5 meters. Top of compound wall was above eye level offering great privacy and insider naturally avails environ offering pleasant solitude, the need of COVID-19. When one entered plot of house from road through compound gate on south-west direction of a plot, one is in a small courtyard. Immediate to entrance at compound gate was a room of about 2.5 meters by 2.5 meters with a veranda of about 2 meters by 2.5 meters. This space called “Gadaaro” was for male guests and males of a family. Courtyard which contained two cows continued beyond Gadaaro. Abutting on northern wall of a plot were walls of 3 rooms namely kitchen (northwest), a general room and a bed room (north east). From a courtyard one could enter to a general room leading to kitchen on its west and bed room on its east. Plan remained closer to what one needs to reimagine today in COVID-19. Construction from local building materials; mud-walls and a country tiled sloping roof offered many things expected in COVID-19. Findings here are that environ, house plan and construction materials has to be such that one can leave in for a long period without coming in contact with outdoors for days. House plan shall be fully contained and complete in itself.

scholarly journals Contribution of the Vernacular Architecture to the Sustainability: A Comparative Study between the Contemporary Areas and the Old Quarter of a Mediterranean City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajer Tawayha ◽  
Luis Braganca ◽  
Ricardo Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
New City ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The strongest point of vernacular architecture is the harmony between environment and buildings. Mediterranean vernacular architecture is harmonized with its local context, including culture and traditions. In addition, it respects environmental and climatic factors, construction materials, and morphology. In the past, people in Palestine built their houses according to their possibilities, needs, available materials, topography, and culture. Without any control from the government or any legal limitations or architects, it was people’s architecture, simple architecture. This paper discusses the differences between vernacular and contemporary residential buildings of the city of Nablus at the building scale. The research methodology adopts explanatory qualitative analysis and comparative synthesis methods for both the old and the new buildings of the city of Nablus and considers many parameters of residential buildings such as building materials, interior spaces, openings and vegetation, and the effect of sociocultural values on each. The outcomes of this research allow understanding how the new city residential buildings are far away from the sustainability principles and how the old city is close to it and how the architects and stakeholders could learn from the strategies of vernacular architecture.

scholarly journals Construction Waste as a Resource in a Sustainable Built Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (08) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik ◽  
Ljudmila Koprivec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Key Factor

The built environment requires ever-increasing amounts of raw material resources and at the same time bears the responsibility for the resulting waste. Waste is generated throughout the life cycle. In the initial phases it is referred to as industrial waste, while during construction, reconstruction, and demolition it is called construction waste. Construction waste is most voluminous but it also has a great potential in circular economy that aims at the closed loop cycle where already used construction materials and components are recovered as raw materials. Sustainable building principles include four basic strategies, waste avoidance, construction materials and components re-use, continued use, and recycling. The possibility of construction waste treatment and its possible recovery in the building process depends on the type of prevailing materials that are contained in building elements as well as on detachability, separability and inseparability of structural joints and components. The architect plays a responsible role in decreasing the volume of construction waste as the conception of a building represents the key factor in sustainable construction waste management. Planning a construction with a good dismantling potential at the end of the building’s life cycle includes a number of factors such as the choice of building materials with a low environmental impact, the design of detachable composite materials and structures as well as the design of mono material structures. This article focuses on waste resulting from the built environment and discusses architectural concepts with a potential of reducing the volume of construction waste and its potential recovery as a construction resource.

Uses of Building Stones in Architectural Elements of El Kantara Town, Biskra (Algeria).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahiba Moussi ◽  
Khaled Selatnia ◽  
David Martín Freire-Lista ◽  
Luis Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
Polarization Optical Microscopy ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Built Heritage

<p> </p><p><strong>Abstract-</strong> The preservation and conservation of historical and cultural built heritage is necessary to preserve the history of cities and the identity of populations. Built heritage is a cultural asset whose preservation and protection is essential to any society. Building stones are one of the most widely used construction materials throughout history. Normally, building stones come from the vicinity of where they are used, which ensures the integration of the built heritage with its surroundings. Due to their decay, building stones need to be preserved and conserved.</p><p>El Kantara, formerly Calceus Herculis, is an oasis located 52 kilometers north of Biskra, Algeria. It is characterized by its rich history with alternation of different civilizations: Roman, Muslim and French. El Kantara is an example of vernacular architecture that uses building materials provided by the local environment. Due to the mountainous nature of El Kantara, building stones have been one of the most used materials since the Roman period.</p><p>Our research is based on Dachra Dhahraouia as a case study. It is one of three villages in El Kantara and the oldest core of the city. It was founded around the 7th century by a group of families who had arrived to this place during the Muslim conquests because of its strategic location and its position, on the heights overlooking the El Haï valley and the palm grove. When the French settled in El Kantara and created their village, the name Dachra Dhahraouia changed to Red Village because of its red earth color.</p><p>Dachra Dhahraouia is a protected area (May 6, 2013). It is considered a model of authentic Arab-Berber architecture, for its type of construction, its doors, its alleys, the organization of its houses, its traditional materials and its architectural character in harmony with nature, traditions and customs. The building stones are used in houses, in foundations of historic walls, in entrance steps in public spaces as benches and in steps of stairs. They are also used in the fence wall of the old cemetery.</p><p>The aim of this paper is to study the different existing building stones used in architectural elements of Dachra Dhahraouia. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, six samples (5 × 5 × 5 cm) of the different stone types were tested from different houses and public spaces. Polarization optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were used for petrographic characterization. Bulk density, porosity, color and ultrasound propagation wave measurements were used for petrophysic characterization of the heritage stones.</p><p> </p><p>The most-used building stone found in Dachra Dhahraouia is a limestone, used in foundations, fence walls and in steps of stairs. Quartzite valley pebbles are used just in the foundations. Dolomite is also part of the building stones used in public spaces as pavements. Also, ashlars from the Roman period are reused in entrance steps and in the foundations of some houses.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Index Terms-</strong> building stones. architectural elements. El Kantara. Heritage.</p>

scholarly journals MENGENALI KEARIFAN LOKAL RUMAH VERNAKULAR MELALUI BENTUK DAN BAHAN BANGUNAN PADA RUMAH DI KUALA TRIPA, ACEH

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Cut Nursaniah ◽  
Izziah ◽  
Laila Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
House Building ◽  
Vernacular House

Infrastructure development, both buildings and roads, often result in changes in the surface condition of the landscape and lead to calamity. As happened in the residential area of ​​the watershed Kuala Tripa, Aceh, lately kept flooded. The house is constructed on the ground ignores environmental character and threaten the sustainability of neighborhoods Kuala Tripa in the long term. Kuala Tripa form of physical environment is swamp, major rivers, and estuaries. Settlement of Kuala Tripa has a vernacular house that shows harmony and conformity with the environment. The occupancy adaptations can be identified by the shape and material of construction. Studies using qualitative descriptive methods to find local wisdom in the form and vernacular house building materials to be adapted and applied to the current construction. The results of the study on people's understanding of the architecture and building construction, the use of local building materials and the introduction of the local environment indicates that the potential of the vernacular architecture of Kuala Tripa can be used for residential development of the present and the future. Values ​​in local wisdom and technology skills through shape and material the Kuala Tripa vernacular house building can be used as the basis for the development of the built environment today so adaptive to the environment and respond to disasters.

The Historical Vernacular Architecture of the Ijebu, in Yoruba Speaking, South-West, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibade Adeyemo ◽  
Yakubu Olanrewaju Hassan ◽  
Opeyemi Omolara Philips
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
South West

scholarly journals Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2756
Author(s):  
Federica Vitale ◽  
Maurizio Nicolella
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
By Products

Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars.

scholarly journals Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3549
Author(s):  
Tulane Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Daiane Cecchin ◽  
Markssuel Teixeira Marvila ◽  
Mugahed Amran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Alternative Processes

The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste. The interest in sustainable techniques has been growing in relation to waste management, which is largely absorbed by the civil construction sector. This work aimed to review plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that can be incorporated with construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, asphalt mixtures, and paving. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is related, as a tool that allows the sustainability of products and processes to be enhanced in the long term. After analyzing the recent literature, it was identified that studies related to plastic wastes in construction materials concentrate sustainability around the alternative destination of waste. Since the plastic waste from different production chains are obtained, it was possible to affirm the need for a broader assessment, such as the LCA, providing greater quantification of data making the alternative processes and products more sustainable. The study contributes to enhance sustainability in alternative building materials through LCA.

scholarly journals Fire Resistance Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete:An Overview

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Salmabanu Luhar ◽  
Demetris Nicolaides ◽  
Ismail Luhar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.

The Metamorphosed Limestones and Associated Contaminated Igneous Rocks of the Carlingford District, Co. Louth

1932 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The South ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Contamination Effects

THE Carlingford-Barnave district falls within the boundaries of Sheet 71 of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, and forms part of a broad promontory lying between Carlingford Lough on the north-east and Dundalk Bay on the south-west. The greater part of this promontory is made up of an igneous complex of Tertiary age which has invaded the Silurian slates and quartzites and the Carboniferous Limestone Series. This complex has not yet been investigated in detail, but for the purposes of the present paper certain references to it are necessary, and these are made below. The prevalence of hybrid-relations and contamination-effects between the basic and acid igneous rocks of the region is a very marked feature, and because of this it has been difficult at times to decide which types have been responsible for the various stages of the metamorphism.

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