scholarly journals Contribution of the Vernacular Architecture to the Sustainability: A Comparative Study between the Contemporary Areas and the Old Quarter of a Mediterranean City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajer Tawayha ◽  
Luis Braganca ◽  
Ricardo Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
New City ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The strongest point of vernacular architecture is the harmony between environment and buildings. Mediterranean vernacular architecture is harmonized with its local context, including culture and traditions. In addition, it respects environmental and climatic factors, construction materials, and morphology. In the past, people in Palestine built their houses according to their possibilities, needs, available materials, topography, and culture. Without any control from the government or any legal limitations or architects, it was people’s architecture, simple architecture. This paper discusses the differences between vernacular and contemporary residential buildings of the city of Nablus at the building scale. The research methodology adopts explanatory qualitative analysis and comparative synthesis methods for both the old and the new buildings of the city of Nablus and considers many parameters of residential buildings such as building materials, interior spaces, openings and vegetation, and the effect of sociocultural values on each. The outcomes of this research allow understanding how the new city residential buildings are far away from the sustainability principles and how the old city is close to it and how the architects and stakeholders could learn from the strategies of vernacular architecture.

Roof Fruit and Vegetable Garden, is Accurate as the Element Eco Green Settlement, Housing in the City Today? Case Study: House Live in Downtown Surabaya Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Uniek Praptiningrum
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
High Price ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

To implement an architecture work, such as residential , residential houses and the like , atmosphere and a healthy environment has a very important role . To be categorized as a good architecture work , the building should be : interesting in terms of the appearance, comfortable to occupied, beautiful views , safety in construction , have the local wisdom and friendly to nature and the environment . In the era of globalization , these values began to shift , especially residential buildings , residential on the center of the city. For examples, narrow courtyard, the dominance of concrete and glass building material , and barren surrounding environments , green plants are very minimal . The selection of building materials , such as air conditioning with its CFC content , electronic equipment within the building that are not environmentally friendly , the complement of air pollution both within and outside the residential buildings This happens due to the high price of land in urban area , community and individualism are more viscous , the long-term health awareness that less attention , and prioritizing practicality in activities and maintenance of their home . In Surabaya, Eco Green to meet the government regulation has been established and implemented for green space solutions. And impact of global warming have already exceeded the 30 % required . But the percentage of RTH Private relative still small. also RTH option is needed in order more efficient in land and comsution,provide more benefits such value . Fruit and Vegetable Roof Garden , has not been widely applied , particularly for the residential in the city's center such as Surabaya . The purpose of the assessment is to analyze the results of several researchers who have collected additional benefits obtained on the utilization of natural resources including the application of roof greening fruit and vegetable garden at home, if applicable accurate to a big city like Surabaya . .The method used in this study is to do with the spaciousness survey , study references , browsing through the internet , collect some data from studies that have been done by some competent source , then perform the analysis . While the results obtained are not significantly appear on the application of the RTH Privat, even trend looks to be making investments that material's large profit-oriented , ease of maintenance and trends , compared with consideration would preserve local knowledge , and friendliness to the environment and natural healthy . It can be seen from the increasing number of existing homes , both of the simple type , medium and luxury using modern building materials , with a fairly large area of the building and the lack of balance in an open area for reforestation , especially with the application

THE SELECTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THE COMFORT AND ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF CITY HOUSING

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna ZHIGULINA ◽  
Natalya Genrikhovna CHUMACHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to problems of creation of comfortable microclimate. Identifi es sources of pollution, completed their evaluation. Special att ention is paid to the selection of environmentally friendly building materials. In the production of building materials where toxic components can be industrial waste, replacing natural raw materials and chemical additives regulating the properties. In the operation of many building materials, especially those based on polymers, it is necessary to control the release of toxic substances resulting from degradation. For the assessment of comfort and environmental safety of housing is offered to create «Passports of residential buildings», which should be provided with information about construction materials used to evaluate this parameter, environmental home safety, including chemical safety as its component.

scholarly journals THE TRADITIONAL MOLDOVAN DWELLING FROM THE SEC. XVIII-XX FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND SOLUTIONS USED

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Maria-Liliana Marian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

The article represents a research of the traditional houses from the Republic of Moldova specific to the period XVIII - XX centuries. Life, always conditioned by life, is a major program that, in the vernacular architecture of the Republic of Moldova, plays the role of the function of continuity. The main objectives of this article are to bring in heritage practice, beneficial information, both for the historical monument and for architects, specialists and the general public interested in the future of heritage objects, locally or nationally and how they influence the factors of decision involved. The slow transformations, recorded over the last two thousand years, in which we distinguish evidence of its evolution, are the result of slow transformations, both of techniques and instructional materials, as well as of the specific occupations and way of life sec. XVIII - XX. Starting from the semi-buried dwellings, the surface houses with a single level, constituted the architectural solutions with the widest spread on the whole territory of the country, until the middle of the century. XX. The architecture of traditional residential buildings - plan, size and appearance - were influenced by physical, social, historical, geographical conditions, the natural environment and the specifics of the household. The knowledge of the architecture of the traditional house contributes to the reconstruction of some aspects of the ancient culture, inextricably linked to the problem of the continuity of the local population on these lands. In the architecture of the traditional house, the normative thinking, common at the technical level of the society, is combined with the adaptation to the individual requirements. The lack of this information, especially important for those interested in the fate of the architectural heritage, can cause serious damage to the historical monument, namely the loss of structural elements, functional and stylistic elements, elements of composition, volume and structure. The ambiguities can distort the real value of the monuments and even the loss of the value of architectural heritage, so the historical monument becomes vulnerable in the future.

scholarly journals Dubai: Changing Forms With Demography

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Upama Sen
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Dubai is a living example of how people play an important role in moulding the shape of a city. It started off as a small settlement in the deserts of the Middle East along a natural creek. The old city is a testament of how the natural growth led to the birth to the vernacular architecture of the region to combat its extreme climate. From a group of fishing villages, Dubai went on to become a hub for global business. It has eventually weaved itself from its people, their culture, traditions, social norms, etc. Its architecture of has undergone dynamic transformation with amazing innovation over the recent decades. Dubai has paced faster than any other city on earth and grew into eminence over a few decades. Built on the Arabian deserts with scarce resources like water, food, building materials, etc, Dubai is now one of the greatest cities in the world. With global warming being a major concern, the world is moving towards a holistic approach of sustainable living. The city has always exhibited its feat of excellence, and is now aimed at becoming the most sustainable city. This paper is an effort to study the architectural styles of the past, their sustainability and how it has evolved though these years. The study is a summary of the vernacular architecture processes that allowed its occupants a comfortable indoor environment in the hot desert conditions.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Program Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya (BSPS) Pada Masyarakat di Kelurahan Lowulowu Kecamatan Lealea Kota Baubau

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Kuflia Muak Hara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The house renovation program is one of the programs of the government in an effort to provide protection to poor families in order to improve the level of welfare of poor families. This program is carried out in the form of providing building materials along with builders and technicians to build or renovate homes that are not livable and do not meet the health requirements of being livable. This study aims to address the research problem of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of a government program called Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance (BSPS) for low-income people in the City of Baubau especially in Sub-Lowulowu. The BSPS program provides a fairly good change and impact. The BSPS program improves the quality of residents' homes and increases welfare.

scholarly journals Automated classification metrics for energy modelling of residential buildings in the UK with open algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Beck ◽  
Gavin Long ◽  
Doreen S Boyd ◽  
Julian F Rosser ◽  
Jeremy Morley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Energy Modelling ◽  
The City

Estimating residential building energy use across large spatial extents is vital for identifying and testing effective strategies to reduce carbon emissions and improve urban sustainability. This task is underpinned by the availability of accurate models of building stock from which appropriate parameters may be extracted. For example, the form of a building, such as whether it is detached, semi-detached, terraced etc. and its shape may be used as part of a typology for defining its likely energy use. When these details are combined with information on building construction materials or glazing ratio, it can be used to infer the heat transfer characteristics of different properties. However, these data are not readily available for energy modelling or urban simulation. Although this is not a problem when the geographic scope corresponds to a small area and can be hand-collected, such manual approaches cannot be easily applied at the city or national scale. In this article, we demonstrate an approach that can automatically extract this information at the city scale using off-the-shelf products supplied by a National Mapping Agency. We present two novel techniques to create this knowledge directly from input geometry. The first technique is used to identify built form based upon the physical relationships between buildings. The second technique is used to determine a more refined internal/external wall measurement and ratio. The second technique has greater metric accuracy and can also be used to address problems identified in extracting the built form. A case study is presented for the City of Nottingham in the United Kingdom using two data products provided by the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain: MasterMap and AddressBase. This is followed by a discussion of a new categorisation approach for housing form for urban energy assessment.

Chandigarh

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
New Towns ◽  
New City ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The City

Following independence from Britain in 1947, India was “partitioned,” resulting in the creation of West Pakistan and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The old Punjab capital of Lahore fell into the territory of West Pakistan, leaving Indian Punjab without an administrative center, and much emotional lament at the “loss” of Lahore. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru addressed this through commissioning a new city that would manifest his vision of a free India emerging from colonial rule. It was to be an administrative and cultural replacement for Lahore, a destination for refugees fleeing West Pakistan, and a symbolic concept of a modernizing, liberated India. Although often viewed as a standalone project, it formed part of a suite of new towns being developed across India at this time (and stretching back to colonial rule). However, Chandigarh became the most famous and significant of these projects because of its association with the Swiss-French architect and planning visionary, Le Corbusier. Before his appointment, American planner Albert Mayer and Polish architect Matthew Nowicki produced the first plan for the town, but following Nowicki’s unexpected death and difficulty paying Mayer’s fees in foreign currency, the Indian government looked for alternative designers. Engineer P. L. Varma and Administrator P. N. Thapar were sent on a recruitment mission to Europe, eventually enlisting Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Maxwell Fry, and Jane Drew. Le Corbusier designed the master plan (an orthogonal CIAM grid revision of Mayer’s Radburn-type plan) as well as the government offices. The rest of the design team, including a cohort of Indian architects, would take responsibility for planning each of the city’s rectilinear neighborhoods, known as “sectors.” Most sectors were self-contained settlements of housing, schools, and local shops. Others were more specialist, such as Sector-14, which contained the university. Running through the center of the plan was an area devoted to nature and parkland, known as “Leisure Valley.” Le Corbusier designed the vast concrete government Secretariat, Assembly Building, and High Court in Sector-1 according to his Modulor proportioning system. The most dramatic structure is the Assembly Building, with its bold concrete portico and debating chambers topped with pyramidal and truncated hyperbolic paraboloid forms. These grand projects have dominated the perception of the city, but more recently there has been research into the various housing projects, the designs and contribution of the Indian architects, unexpected additions to the city plan such as informal settlements, and the vast visionary environment known as Nek Chand’s Rock Garden.

My rural, vernacular house in context to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Kandarp Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Long Period ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Northern Wall ◽  
Vernacular House

Vernacular architecture offers clues and lessons to people. Purpose of this paper is thus to explore and identify attributes of a particular piece of vernacular architecture and try to relate it in context to COVID-19. It highlights attributes of the house in context to reimagining and redesigning built environment in days of COVID-19. Said piece of vernacular architecture is my ancestral house which no more exists since 55 years in a village I am from. Its plan, form, building materials and setting in a village teaches few things. House of single storey in mud construction was over a small plot of about 9 meters by 12.5 meters. Top of compound wall was above eye level offering great privacy and insider naturally avails environ offering pleasant solitude, the need of COVID-19. When one entered plot of house from road through compound gate on south-west direction of a plot, one is in a small courtyard. Immediate to entrance at compound gate was a room of about 2.5 meters by 2.5 meters with a veranda of about 2 meters by 2.5 meters. This space called “Gadaaro” was for male guests and males of a family. Courtyard which contained two cows continued beyond Gadaaro. Abutting on northern wall of a plot were walls of 3 rooms namely kitchen (northwest), a general room and a bed room (north east). From a courtyard one could enter to a general room leading to kitchen on its west and bed room on its east. Plan remained closer to what one needs to reimagine today in COVID-19. Construction from local building materials; mud-walls and a country tiled sloping roof offered many things expected in COVID-19. Findings here are that environ, house plan and construction materials has to be such that one can leave in for a long period without coming in contact with outdoors for days. House plan shall be fully contained and complete in itself.

Uses of Building Stones in Architectural Elements of El Kantara Town, Biskra (Algeria).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahiba Moussi ◽  
Khaled Selatnia ◽  
David Martín Freire-Lista ◽  
Luis Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
Polarization Optical Microscopy ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Built Heritage

<p> </p><p><strong>Abstract-</strong> The preservation and conservation of historical and cultural built heritage is necessary to preserve the history of cities and the identity of populations. Built heritage is a cultural asset whose preservation and protection is essential to any society. Building stones are one of the most widely used construction materials throughout history. Normally, building stones come from the vicinity of where they are used, which ensures the integration of the built heritage with its surroundings. Due to their decay, building stones need to be preserved and conserved.</p><p>El Kantara, formerly Calceus Herculis, is an oasis located 52 kilometers north of Biskra, Algeria. It is characterized by its rich history with alternation of different civilizations: Roman, Muslim and French. El Kantara is an example of vernacular architecture that uses building materials provided by the local environment. Due to the mountainous nature of El Kantara, building stones have been one of the most used materials since the Roman period.</p><p>Our research is based on Dachra Dhahraouia as a case study. It is one of three villages in El Kantara and the oldest core of the city. It was founded around the 7th century by a group of families who had arrived to this place during the Muslim conquests because of its strategic location and its position, on the heights overlooking the El Haï valley and the palm grove. When the French settled in El Kantara and created their village, the name Dachra Dhahraouia changed to Red Village because of its red earth color.</p><p>Dachra Dhahraouia is a protected area (May 6, 2013). It is considered a model of authentic Arab-Berber architecture, for its type of construction, its doors, its alleys, the organization of its houses, its traditional materials and its architectural character in harmony with nature, traditions and customs. The building stones are used in houses, in foundations of historic walls, in entrance steps in public spaces as benches and in steps of stairs. They are also used in the fence wall of the old cemetery.</p><p>The aim of this paper is to study the different existing building stones used in architectural elements of Dachra Dhahraouia. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, six samples (5 × 5 × 5 cm) of the different stone types were tested from different houses and public spaces. Polarization optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were used for petrographic characterization. Bulk density, porosity, color and ultrasound propagation wave measurements were used for petrophysic characterization of the heritage stones.</p><p> </p><p>The most-used building stone found in Dachra Dhahraouia is a limestone, used in foundations, fence walls and in steps of stairs. Quartzite valley pebbles are used just in the foundations. Dolomite is also part of the building stones used in public spaces as pavements. Also, ashlars from the Roman period are reused in entrance steps and in the foundations of some houses.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Index Terms-</strong> building stones. architectural elements. El Kantara. Heritage.</p>

ECOLOGY IN MULTI-STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS-INTERDEPENDENCY BETWEEN ECOLOGY AND COSTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Koppelhuber ◽  
Johannes Wall
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Construction Costs

More than 95% of multi-story residential buildings in Austria are currently predominantly constructed with conventional mineral construction materials. This fact combined with the increasing demands for a healthy residential living atmosphere demonstrates the great potential for using ecological materials. Life cycle assessments provide information on the ecological performance of buildings, but the corresponding economical aspects are not considered. Nevertheless, the economic aspects of a certain draft are important to clients and designers. Therefore, simplified assessment-tools are needed that take into account the ecological impact as well as the building costs. This paper presents the results of an investigation supplemented by a case study of a multistory residential building, which was finished 2016 in Austria, illustrating the differences between the state-of-the-art material selection and ecologically optimized alternatives. The ecological impacts and the costs for the selected building-system were determined based on the case study. Subsequently, ecological optimization potentials were identified according to the environmental indicator OI3. Finally, the effects on component and construction costs were evaluated. The steps of this simplified process reveal the interdependency between ecological aspects and the costs of materials. This procedure represents a decision-making tool that can be used by clients as well as designers. The results of this research emphasize the large environmental impact improvements with little expenses when implementing sustainability in multi-story residential buildings as a crucial part of a green design.

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