Measuring complex for monitoring carbon dioxide in air

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Igor M. Ageev ◽  
Yuri M. Rybin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Term Monitoring

The advantages and disadvantages of infrared and electrochemical gas analyzers for carbon dioxide CO2 are described. The possibility of using conductometric sensors with distilled water for monitoring the CO2 content in the air has been investigated. Two identical measuring systems were manufactured, each containing two open-type conductometric cells, a matching device and a personal computer. With the help of these complexes, experiments were carried out on the simultaneous measurement of the CO2 content in the air in two places (a laboratory room and a building in a forest, located at a distance of 15 km from each other) with deliberately different daily dynamics of the CO2 level change. A special experiment was carried out, which made it possible to obtain an estimate of the inertia of conductometric cells and a conversion factor for the values of CO2 content into standard units of measurement. It is shown that the daily dynamics of changes in the electrical conductivity of distilled water in open cells corresponds to the expected dynamics of changes in the CO2 content in the rooms where the measurements were carried out. The operability of the measuring complex and the possibility of creating on its basis a device for long-term monitoring of the CO2 content in the air mixture of gases has been confirmed. The principal high selectivity of the measuring complex to CO2 in relation to other gases of the atmosphere has been established.

scholarly journals Update on GOSAT TANSO-FTS performance, operations, and data products after more than 6 years in space

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2445-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Kuze ◽  
Hiroshi Suto ◽  
Kei Shiomi ◽  
Shuji Kawakami ◽  
Makoto Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. A data set containing more than 6 years (February 2009 to present) of radiance spectra for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) observations has been acquired by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT, available at http://data.gosat.nies.go.jp/GosatUserInterfaceGateway/guig/GuigPage/open.do), nicknamed “Ibuki”, Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS). This paper provides updates on the performance of the satellite and TANSO-FTS sensor and describes important changes to the data product, which has recently been made available to users. With these changes the typical accuracy of retrieved column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4, respectively) are 2 ppm or 0.5 % and 13 ppb or 0.7 %, respectively. Three major anomalies of the satellite system affecting TANSO-FTS are reported: a failure of one of the two solar paddles in May 2014, a switch to the secondary pointing system in January 2015, and most recently a cryocooler shutdown and restart in August 2015. The Level 1A (L1A) (raw interferogram) and the Level 1B (L1B) (radiance spectra) of version V201 described here have long-term uniform quality and provide consistent retrieval accuracy even after the satellite system anomalies. In addition, we discuss the unique observation abilities of GOSAT made possible by an agile pointing mechanism, which allows for optimization of global sampling patterns.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Level in Neonatal Incubator: A Comparative Study of Two Baby Air Flow Input Methods in Incubator Chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. p65
Author(s):  
R. Vardanjans ◽  
L. Cirule
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Infant Incubator ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Preterm neonates often have to spend a long time in incubator which simulates necessary enviromental conditions to maintain patients in stable condition. Authors have found neglected problem with Carbon Dioxide (CO2) concentration in newborn inhaled gas when using “oxygen hood” into infant incubator that has not been studied very closely. Methods in this experiement were carried out as condition monitoring while changing some parameters and positions. Results have shown that CO2 level is letally high in some aspects. Situation is alarming as CO2 level in incubator is not limited by current regulation, as IEC60601-2-19: 2009 +A1:2016. Currently the Incubator manufacturers declare that CO2 maximal concentration should be periodically checked by users, which are hospitals. Some commercially available incubators have the maximum allowed CO2 level 8000 ppm, which is much higher than recommended 2000 ppm CO2 level in indoor working place. There is no limitation of maximal level of CO2 using “oxygen hood”, which are specified in incubator operation manual. This paper goal is to show the correlation of CO2 level versus gas flow into oxygen hood.

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM COMBUSTION OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
◽  
I. L. Govor ◽  
M. L. Gitarskii ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The average weighted long-term component composition of associated petroleum gas burned at the fields in Russia is obtained, where the volume fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) make up 0.8 and 66.4%, respectively. Based on it, the national emission factors of greenhouse gases from the flaring of associated petroleum gas are developed: the values are equal to 2.76 103 t CO2 and 0.0155 103 t CH4 per 1 106 m3 of the gas burnt. The calculations based on the emission factors led to the 37% increase in total equivalent emission of CO2 and CH4 as compared to the calculations based on the IPCC emission factors. The use of the national emission factors increases the reliability of the estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and the evaluation of their impact on climate.

Environment in stone chamber of an unexcavated tumulus and preservation of buried relics: Part 1. Environmental monitoring for simulated tumulus

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912091390
Author(s):  
Huarong Xie ◽  
Daisuke Ogura ◽  
Hiroyuki Yasui ◽  
Nobumitsu Takatori ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Hygrothermal Environments ◽  
Term Monitoring

Japan has many unexcavated tumuli, most of which were buried along with artifacts of precious cultural heritage. For such a tumulus, it is essential to understand how changes in its exterior environment affect its interior environment, and how those interior changes affect the deterioration of the relics buried in the stone chamber. In this study, an underground space was constructed in the forest of the Katsura Campus of Kyoto University to simulate the environment of an unexcavated tumulus, and long-term monitoring was implemented in the simulated stone chamber, including the temperature, humidity, water potential, wetness, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, along with metal corrosion tests. This article is focused on environmental monitoring, and the results demonstrate that the simulated tumulus has the general characteristics of the hygrothermal environments of an unexcavated tumulus that has small temperature fluctuation and near-saturation humidity. The ceiling of the simulated chamber condensed significantly from October to April, which is related to the variations of the ceiling and floor temperatures. Also, the wetness of the walls in the simulated chamber was affected by rainfall. The oxygen concentration in the simulated stone chamber varied in the range of 13%–19% in 2015, and the variation of carbon dioxide concentration in the simulated stone chamber was contrary to the oxygen concentration and varied in the range of 3%–9% in 2016. The oxygen concentration in the stone chamber was similar to that in the surrounding soil that decreased at times of rainfall, contrary to the fluctuations in the soil water content.

Gas-Compositional Effects on Mineralogical Reactions in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Mandalaparty ◽  
Milind Deo ◽  
Joseph Moore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Summary It may be possible to lower costs of carbon capture and sequestration by keeping constituents such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the flue-gas stream. The reactive behavior of pure carbon dioxide (CO2) and CO2+SO2 mixtures within a geologically realistic environment was examined in this paper. The experimental apparatus consisted of a series of high-pressure reactors operated at different conditions and with different feed-gas compositions to observe changes in both the rock and water compositions. The rock consisted of equal proportions of quartz, calcite, andesine, dolomite, chlorite, and magnesite (constituents in arkose or dirty sandstone). The brine was prepared from laboratory-grade sodium chloride. Several long-term batch experiments with pure CO2 were carried out at different temperatures. Each mineral in the mixture showed evidence of participating in the geochemical reactions. Layers of calcite were seen growing on the surface of the arkose. Analcime deposits were omnipresent, occurring either as large connected aggregates or as deposits on the surfaces of other minerals (quartz). Calcite depositions were observed as amorphous masses intergrown with the feed. The CO2+SO2 mixture experiments showed growth of euhedral anhydrite crystals and pronounced dissolution patterns over the examined surfaces. The growth of these new phases would lead to significant changes in the petrophysical properties of the rock. The trends in ionic-concentration changes in the aqueous phase complemented the changes in the rock chemistry.

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning Properties of Cellulosic Fabrics (A Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1847-1855
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
The Self ◽  
Medical Textiles ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This article provides an overview of a technology of photocatalytic self-cleaning of fabric that is a photocatalyst like (ZnO or TiO2 or other materials ) that decomposes organic stain into water and carbon dioxide(CO2) in the presence of a UV light source. In this article, the photocatalytic techniques are presented. In various applications like textiles, which usually are used in everyday life, the self-cleaning principle is useful. These technologies can also be developed in other applications such as medical textiles, athletic wear, military uniforms, and outdoor fabrics. It is also desirable because it efficiently conserves water and enhances the appearance of the atmosphere and decreases energy in the long term, laundry cost and time as well.

scholarly journals Towards a stable and absolute atmospheric carbon dioxide instrument using spectroscopic null method

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Xiang ◽  
D. D. Nelson ◽  
J. B. McManus ◽  
M. S. Zahniser ◽  
S. C. Wofsy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Spectral Null

Abstract. We present a novel spectral method to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with high precision and stability without resorting to calibration tanks during long-term operation. This spectral null method improves precision by reducing spectral proportional noise associated with laser emission instabilities. We employ sealed quartz cells with known CO2 column densities to serve as the permanent internal references in the null method, which improve the instrument's stability and accuracy. A prototype instrument – ABsolute Carbon dioxide (ABC) is developed using this new approach. The instrument has a one-second precision of 0.02 ppm, which averages down to 0.007 ppm within one minute. Long-term stability of within 0.1 ppm is achieved without any calibrations for over a one-month period. These results have the potential for eliminating the need for calibration cylinders for high accuracy field measurements of carbon dioxide.

Natural Refrigerants

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunho Hwang ◽  
Michael Ohadi ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Clear Advantage

This article explains that substances such as air, water, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide may provide solutions to the problem of finding environmentally acceptable refrigerants. The search for new and environmentally benign refrigerants to replace the existing chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) has led to the introduction of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). HFCs could be useful as short- and mid-term replacements, but may ultimately not be suitable, owing to their high global-warming potential (GWP). Natural refrigerants still have several technical and safety challenges to overcome, and each has its unique advantages and disadvantages. Refrigerant, carbon dioxide offers a clear advantage over CFCs and HCFCs from the environmental impact standpoint. In addition to its environmental advantages, carbon dioxide also offers certain attractive thermal characteristics that can help it provide substantial potential as a long-term replacement if energy efficiency challenges can be addressed.

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