scholarly journals Excerpts from The Freedom Fight: A Novel of Resistance and Freedom.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Olubunmi Smith

The Novel Set in 19th century traditional Yorùbáland in South Western Nigeria, Olókùn Ẹṣin is a historical tale about feudalism and enslavement, freedom and independence. It chronicles brilliantly the rebellion of an idealist, Àjàyí, son of Olókùn-Ẹṣin, a prominent member of the town’s Council of Chiefs and the chain reaction of the revolution he mounts against the injustices of enslavement and any kind of feudal practices. His violent protest results in eventual freedom and independence for the people of Òkò from years of servitude under the feudal lord, Olúmokùn, signaling the beginning of the end of feudalism in Yorùbáland. Told mostly from the protagonist’s point of view, with the help of his two prominent compatriots, childhood friend Àyọwí and Ibiwumi, the town’s ̀ Baálẹ’s own daughter, ̀ Ọmọ Olókùn-Ẹṣin chronicles not only the experiences and struggles of these three idealists, but also the inevitable uncertainties and risks of mobilizing the oppressed rank and file in a rule-of-fear system, sanctioned by traditional authority, the many trials and tribulations suffered at the hands of the wily oppressors, and the risks and frustrations of advancing the movement. Ironically, despite the novel’s tension, the ending is paradoxical. While the freedom seekers succeed in establishing a grassroots movement, first by their own example of charity and basic education, however, their hard-fought campaign is compromised by a less than convincing negotiation for freedom, which they gain by bargaining their forced enslavement for a voluntary servitude. Nonetheless, as with any fight for freedom in the modern world, the separation process between the colonizer and the colonized is tenuous, much like the typical Prospero-Caliban sort of scheming, distrustful bargaining between two “unequals.” In Fálétí’s words, “the choice of ending is no different from what happens in ‘real-life’ situations, when the colonizer ensures that he 208 From the Archives does not leave the negotiation table completely empty handed.” 1 The incongruous, happily-ever-after ending of weddings among the freedom fighters, while plausible, appears rather contrived. Nonetheless, its place in Yorùbá literary corpus and contribution to the revolutionary novel sub-genre cannot be overstated. Its significance is threefold. First, it is the best, perhaps still the only, known example of the revolutionary novel sub-genre in Yorùbá that chronicles the practice of the feudal system in Yorùbá history, thus making it the standard example, a good one at that, of successful experimentation in the sub-genre. Undoubtedly, its depiction of slavery and resistance makes it unrivalled as an eloquent marker of a historical and linguistic age gone by. Secondly, it joins the ranks of the works of only two other leading contemporary Yorùbá writers, whose attention to language make them the remaining literary and linguistic purists of the previous generation of Yorùbá writers. Thirdly, since its publication in 1970, it has withstood the test of time as the premier example of “ìjìnlẹ̀ Yorùbá.”    

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Suarta

Local knowledge (local genius) is the quintessence of our ancestors thinking either oral or written traditions which we have received to date. Thought that, in the context of real archipelago has the same thread, which has a valuable values and universal to strengthen the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. Through our founding genius thought that we should be able to implement it in real life to be able to reach people who "Gemah ripah loh jinawi", no less clothing, food, and shelter!Some of the many concepts of mind for the people of Bali are reflected in the work of puppeteer Ki Dalang Tangsub contributed to the development of Indonesia and has a universal value is the concept of maintaining the environment, save money, and humble. Through mental attitude has not always feel pretty; like not smart enough, not skilled enough, and not mature enough experience, make us always learn and practice. Learn and continue lifelong learning will make a man more mature and a lot of experience. Thus, the challenges in life will be easy to overcome. All that will be achieved, in addition to the hard work is also based on the mental attitude of inferiority is not proud, haughty, arrogant and other negative attitudes. Thought care environment, managing finances, and humble as described above, in Bali has been formulated through a literature shaped geguritan, namely Geguritan I Gedé Basur Dalang Tangsub works, one of the great authors in the early 19th century.  Keywords: Local knowledge, a cornerstone of, the character of the archipelago


Politeja ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (31/2)) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ossowska-Czader

The aim of this paper is to show how politics, culture and ethnicity interweave in the context of the Rushdie Affair in both the real‑life dimension of the historical events taking place in the late 1980s, as well as the literary dimension of the novel by Hanif Kureishi entitled The Black Album. The paper briefly outlines the Rushdie Affair as it unfolded in the British public sphere with particular emphasis placed on the process of consolidation of the Muslim identity among the representatives of different ethnic groups in Great Britain in the political and cultural context of the event which is deemed to be defining from the point of view of British Muslims. The author of the paper presents the profile of Hanif Kureishi, to indicate why he is ideally positioned to look critically at both sides of the conflict. The paper analyses the novel itself insofar as it examines the implications of the Rushdie Affair depicted in The Black Album, the reactions of the second‑generation immigrants of Pakistani descent in the face of the controversy, the influence this event exerted on the process of their searching for identity as well as their integration into British society. Two opposing identity options taken up by the protagonists of The Black Album are analysed by the author of the paper.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanabillah Fatchu Zuhro

The characters in the novel are a reflection of the human condition in real life. Understanding the personality of a character in a novel means understanding the personality of people too. This provides an opportunity to understand the attitudes and behavior of the people in real life through the personality of characters in literary works. Therefore, the researcher considers to discuss the process of individuation of the main characters in Okky Madasari’s Bound. The present study is literary criticism. This research aims to describe the individuation process of the main characters, Sasana and Jaka. The main characters, want the freedom to express their true identity. Through this novel, Okky Madasari wants to convey that life is a choice. Humans have the freedom to choose what they want to be without the negative side being dominant in a person. Along these lines, we can utilize Analytical Psychology to break down this novel with the idea of the individuation process. It employs the theory of individuation process proposed by Carl Gustav Jung covering several steps to achieve the process of individuation of the main characters. There are four kinds of archetypes in order to acknowledge the individuation process. They are “persona”, “shadow”, “anima and animus”, and “Self”. The results of this study show that the main characters still cannot reach the individuation process well. Sasana and Jaka have not yet reached middle age, so Sasana and Jaka have not reached self-archetype yet, because to achieve self-archetype, the characters must reach middle age first.


Author(s):  
Anita Moum

The objective of this chapter is to identify the role of BIMs in the architectural design process from the practitioners’ point of view. The chapter investigates the main factors affecting the practitioners’ use of BIM, and how BIM impacts their work and interactions. The chapter presents a holistic research approach as well as the findings from its application in four real-life projects. In these projects, much of the practitioners’ focus was on upgrading skills and improving technology. Nevertheless, a number of their challenges were linked to the nature of the architectural design process, particularly to its “hardto- grasp” iterative and intuitive features. A conclusion of this research indicates that the role of BIM is affected by the many interdependencies, relations and interfaces embedded in the highly complex and partly unpredictable real world practice. A future challenge would be to understand, master and balance these relationships - upstream and downstream across multiple levels, processes and activities. The presented holistic research approach and the related findings contributed to research which aimed to embrace the complexity of real-life problems and gain a more comprehensive understanding of what is happening in practice.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqun Luo ◽  
Weihua Xu

Recently, much attention has been given to the rough set models based on two universes. And many rough set models based on two universes have been developed from different points of view. In this paper, a novel model, that is, rough Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets model over two different universes, is firstly proposed from Atanassov’s intuitionistic point of view. We study some important properties of approximation operators and investigate the rough degree in the novel model. Furthermore, an illustrated example is employed to demonstrate the conceptual arguments of the model. Finally, rough Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets approach to decision is presented in the generalized approximation space over two universes by considering the problem about how to arrange patients to see the doctor reasonably, from which it can be found that the method is valuable and useful in real life.


SUAR BETANG ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Muhtarom

Mashuri’s Hubbu is all about the life of a santri which was not always inline with the schools’ rules. This novel takes a picture of a failed santri. The main actor of the novel, Jarot, have had not succeed of holding the schools principles. He broke the rules when attending lectures in Surabaya. This is a sociology of literature point of view paper. It figures out the city’s social realities which change the life of the actor. It also identifies how the novel get its social basic. In this sense, Hubbu is a social representation of reality. The novel provides values dispute when a santri live in outer world which is actually his real life. He should adapt to this different environment without losing his previous status? He can also be rolled up by seculary values offered by the life of the city.


Author(s):  
Umu Nisbatul Fauziah Zen ◽  
Fatma Hetami

Hegemony is defined as a condition under which a group establishes its supremacy not only by physical force but also through a consensual submission of the people who are dominated. This study aims to describe how “Sameness” is represented as a form of hegemony to create utopian society in The Giver and to describe the kinds of hegemony found in the novel. The methodology used in this study was descriptive-qualitative. By using sociological approach, this study analyzed the novel from the point of view of hegemony, a theory developed by Antonio Gramsci. There were two objects of the study, namely material object which was The Giver novel and formal object taken from the analysis of the novel using theory of hegemony. The results of this study show that system of “Sameness” is represented as a form of hegemony to create utopian society, seen from the episode of climate control which is created to avoid unpredictable weather, episode of family unit to control the populations of the community by regulating some procedures and rituals, episode of assignments by observing each of the citizens’ interest through volunteer hours and recreation time, episode of precision of language and attitude to keep good communication and behavior; episode of no individual choices, episode of artificial sense which limit the vision, audio, and feeling after the removal of memory, and episode of punishments for rule breakers. There are three kinds of hegemony found in the novel based on the level of domination and resistance, namely Integral hegemony which is seen from the full obedience of the citizens towards the authority of the Committee of Elders, Decadent hegemony which is depicted by the citizens’ disrespect and boredom towards the rules, and Minimal hegemony which happens due to the the resistance from the Receiver of Memory against the Committee of Elders despite the transformismo.   Keywords: Sameness; Hegemony; Utopian society


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
A. Arif Rofiki

Local wisdom of the people of Jayapura City in the tradition of Satu Tungku Tiga Batu can be utilized in the education of religious harmony at elementary level of primary school. The synergy of religion and culture through local wisdom One Three Stone Furnace is effective to realize religious harmony in the midst of plurality of tribe, religion, and race in Jayapura City, so that there has never been found any conflict and violence with religion background in Jayapura City. This paper aims to examine the local wisdom of One Three Stone Stoves and its integration in the education of religious harmony. Two findings that can be described in this study are: First: Local Wisdom One Three Stone Furnace plays a role in fostering and maintaining harmony among religious people that are dynamic, humanist and democratic in Jayapura City. Second, the contextualization of religious harmony education with the real life of learners can be done with the integration of local wisdom values in the strengthening of thematic learning materials in SD/MI.               The education of religious harmony needs to be strengthened since childhood at the level of basic education. The role can be optimally applied one of them by integrating the value of local wisdom on learning materials of learners to be more contextual with their daily life. The recommendations of this paper are: (1) The government should give more attention in the effort to cultivate the values through education level. Government policy in preparing facilities and other needs is still expected to be sustainability. (2) The value of local wisdom in strengthening the thematic learning materials in SD/MI is important to be done by educators as the implementation of curriculum 2013. It is hoped that with such integration, learners are more aware of the importance of growing and maintaining the harmony of religious communities in their surroundings. 


Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr.Ali Afzali ◽  
Assist. Prof. Dr.Raheem Attaby ◽  
Masoumeh Mohseni Mehr (Sagvand)

      The identification of social, cultural themes, on base of social point of view can show us the real pictures of the time the writer of the novel live in. In this paper, we try to consider the various layers in Banat Ryadh (Riadh's Daughters), the novel of Rajaa AlSaane. The famous writer of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in Banat Ryadh, with realistic view, was manifested the abnormal situation of his generation in KSA.The writer's multilateral acquaintance of district and area, the creation of strong language and descriptions, the lovely and touchable personalities, the direct and attractiveness narration, the real and belivable representation of cultural,opinions and troubles of the people, the honesly pictures of traditionalism, are  the important  social factors in this novel. Raja AlSaane in this novel, with symbolic language, criticized the social and cultural condition of the women in KSA.She has described the women spiritual crisis and their interior paradoxes and contradictions.


Today, the linguocultural approach to teaching RFL is considered the most promising and significant. Every culture has words that native speakers avoid either subconsciously or consciously. These forbidden words reflect the cultural characteristics of a particular nation; they are a necessary component of a linguistic personality and are directly related to formation and functioning of a conceptual picture of the world of a particular ethnic group. Mastering a language is impossible without understanding the culture of the people being studied, and taboo vocabulary is, of course, a significant part of our language and culture. The article presents an attempt to consider the taboo vocabulary of the modern Russian language from the point of view of the necessity and the possibility of teaching it in the RFL course for foreign philology students. In particular, there is a change in the causes of emergence of modern speech taboos: if earlier the main reason for taboos was fear, then today we are talking about psycholinguistic changes in society related to the general orientation towards tolerance, providing all members of society with equal opportunities. Nowadays, this is the main reason for the taboo on certain words. In addition, the author argues that taboo topics will not be the same for intra-communication and intercultural communication (as an example, we can talk about negative ethnic stereotypes). Finally, the RFL teacher is asked the question: should a taboo vocabulary be discussed in class with foreign students? And if so, what is the mechanism for teaching “forbidden” words? The author concludes that, despite some exotic themes, knowledge of the vocabulary tabooed in our culture is extremely important for foreign students, as it will help them not in the predictable atmosphere of the university, but in real life. Obviously, in the system of teaching taboo vocabulary, it is advisable to use the system of language and speech tasks, pretext, text and posttext tasks that is familiar to teachers. As an illustration, the author offers samples of several such exercises, noting that not only sentences modeled by the teacher, but also adapted texts of different styles of speech can serve as examples.


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