scholarly journals Syntax and semantics of “thôi” and “ngừng”

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Pho Van Nguyen

The paper gives a comparative analysis of the syntax and semantic features of “thôi” and “ngừng” – two Vietnamese egressive verbs where their aspectual value will moderately be focused. Accordingly, “thôi” and “ngừng” have several syntac-semantic properties in common, but also several differences. Both “thôi” and “ngừng” denote “not continue” or “not recur”; but unlike “thôi” which implies a termination, “ngừng” implies a possible resumption of the event in question. They both presuppose the event which has been in progress. However, “”thôi” can refer to an intention, but “ngừng” can’t. “Thôi” manifests the event of Activity or State (eventual types), but “ngừng” manifests the event of Activity or State or Accomplishment. They both can be followed in complement clause. In case of “thôi”, the complement clause refers to events [+dynamic] [+control] while “ngừng” requires events [+dynamic] [±control]. Both “thôi” and “ngừng” show some similarities but also differences. That is why foreigners have trouble learning Vietnamese.

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marcel Léard

Il y a ... qui and c'est... qui: Syntax and compatibility between semantic operations In this paper, we show that il y a ... qui and c'est... qui have three meanings or values, that are suitable with only some operations of determination, modalization (like questions, negations) and with a number of syntactic categories and functions. Therefore, we use syntactic properties to point out semantic features, but we show, in return, that syntactic acceptability of sentences can be often explained by semantic compatibility between operations. That involves a basically semantic grammar. So we link syntactic and semantic properties, mainly the meaning of grammatical morphemes. In such a case, we consider that transformational hypotheses, which don't take into account these links, are not appropriate, and we propose a more realistic way (although theoretical) of doing syntax: syntax is also the compatibility between the meaning of morphemes.


1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Renata Kozlowska-Heuchin

The subject of this article is the analysis of clauses of aim, cause, consequence and condition in French in view to the automatic processing. Our theoretical framework is that of lexicon-grammar. This study differs from the usual grammatical analyses. Here, the complex sentence is studied on the model of the simple sentence, defined as an operator accompanied by its arguments. The conjunctive phrase is our starting point for this study, and it is then shown that the noun around which it is formed, is of predicative type and has the main clause and the subordinate as arguments. This is a predicate «of second order». Automatic processing requires extremely accurate notation of syntactic and semantic properties if ambiguity and polysemy are to be correctly handled. Those descriptions based on syntactico-semantic features are insufficient, which is why the concept of « class of objects » is brought in. There are as many types of relations as there are semantic types of predicate. This is the reason why a semantic typology of predicates is sketched out, integrating lexical, syntactic and semantic components. It is shown that each semantic type can have its own appropriate lexical means of expression and specific syntactic behaviour.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Kateryna Nadtochii ◽  

The study of the styles and genres of the literary language, as well as their features, is an integral part of modern philology. A vast deal of researches is devoted to such styles as literary, scientific and publicistic. The literary style and its genres has particular place in linguistic. However, in connection with the latest events that are taking place in the world, international documents are gaining more and more importance. It is the genres of this style which surround us in everyday life: laws, codes, orders, announcements, manuals and others. Also, all international documents and agreements are written in an official style. These documents are regulator of relations between countries. This article describes the classification of the styles of the literary language and their genres. And also, this article is devoted to the study of one international document, namely the "charter". There are many classifications of styles in the Ukrainian literary language. Each researcher categorizes and names them differently, but still, there are five main functional styles, such as scientific, official, publicistic, informal, literary. Official style is a functional style of literary language. "Charters" are international documents of official style. They have different stylistic, lexical and grammatical characteristics. In "charters " neutral vocabulary is used and words are used in the literal sense. For these documents extended sentence, compound sentence and complex sentence are characterized. A perspective for further research is a comparative analysis of the lexical, grammatical and semantic features of the "charter" in different languages.


Author(s):  
Olesya Al'bertovna Yarullina ◽  
◽  
Fanuza Kharisovna Tarasova ◽  
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Tarasov ◽  
◽  
...  

Author(s):  
У.П. Природина

В статье проводится исследование одного из сегментов топонимической системы шведского языка, а именно годонимов города Стокгольма, включающих в свой состав наименования животных. Цель исследования - установить структурно-семантические особенности избранной для изучения группы годонимов на основе анализа соотношения их с производящими словами, номинирующими различные виды птиц и млекопитающих, и показать важность избранной лексической группы в фиксации элементов шведской культуры. Актуальность статьи определяется главным образом важностью систематизированного изучения топонимов шведского языка и их лингвокультурной специфики. Избранный объект исследования рассматривается в двух ракурсах: лексикологическом и культурологическом. В первой части статьи изучаются структурно-семантические и, в частности, деривационные особенности отобранных единиц. Во второй части исследования данные наименования подвергаются культурологическому описанию, а именно, с точки зрения национально-культурного содержания, соотносимого с зоологическим компонентом годонимов города Стокгольма. Проанализированы 64 годонима города Стокгольма, производящей основой которых являются лексемы, называющие различные виды птиц и млекопитающих, имеющих важное значение в производственно-материальной деятельности шведов или представляющих определенные символы их духовной деятельности. В работе использованы следующие методы исследования: метод наблюдения, описательный метод и метод дефиниционного анализа, метод сопоставительного анализа и метод этимологического анализа. Результаты проведенного исследования дают представление о национальных особенностях зоологического кода шведской культуры, а также вносят некоторый вклад в развитие ономастики. Статья может быть интересна специалистам в области языкознания и культурологии, преподавателям шведского языка, аспирантам и студентам лингвистического и культурологического направлений подготовки. The article investigates one of the segments of the toponymic system of the Swedish language, namely the godonyms in Stockholm, which include the names of animals. The purpose of the study is to establish the structural-semantic features of the group of godonyms chosen for studying on the basis of analyzing their relationship with the producing words that nominate various species of birds and mammals, and to show the importance of the chosen lexical group in fixing the elements of the Swedish culture. The relevance of the article is determined mainly by the importance of a systematic study of the toponyms of the Swedish language and their linguistic and cultural specifics. The selected object of study is considered in two ways: lexicological and culturological. In the first part of the article, structural-semantic and, in particular, derivational features of the selected units are studied. In the second part of the study, these names are subjected to a culturological description, namely, from the point of view of the national-cultural content, which is correlated with the zoological component of the godonyms in Stockholm. 64 godonyms in Stockholm are analyzed, the production basis of which are lexemes that name various species of birds and mammals, which are important in the production and material activities of the Swedes or represent certain symbols of their spiritual activity. The following research methods were used in the work: observation method, descriptive method and method of definition analysis, comparative analysis method and etymological analysis method. The results of the study give an idea of the national features of the zoological code of the Swedish culture, and also make some contribution to the development of onomastics. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of linguistics and cultural studies, teachers of the Swedish language, postgraduate students and students of linguistic and cultural studies.


Author(s):  
E. S. Sysoeva ◽  
E. A. Dudina

The article addresses the semantic features of English artionyms represented by British and American painting of the XX-XXI c. There is no generally accepted term for a work of art in onomastics at the moment, but more scientists use the concept of “artionym” as a key term. Within the framework of this study, British and American artionyms are subjected to comparative analysis in order to describe the semantic features of the units studied. The description of the semantic similarities and differences of the units in question are subsequently justified by the findings of semantic analyses.


2021 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Miletova ◽  
Olga Litvishko

The article is devoted to the analysis of structural features of terms in the spheres of art, religion and law. The material of the research includes art-related texts from the journal The Artist, religion-related texts from the journal Faith and Philosophy published in the Internet, texts of the decisions of International Court of Justice presented in the official website of the Court. The authors speak about the existence of a universal classification of terms according to which terms can be classified into one-component, two-component and multi-component ones. The article presents a comparative analysis of terminological systems of art, religion and law. The results of the empirical research proved that the sphere of art is represented by one-component terms, verbalized by nouns, two-component terms expressed by a combination adjective + noun, multi-component terms consisting of three and more lexemes. The terminological system of religion is represented by one-component and two-component terms, expressed by analogous part-of-speech models. Terminological system of law also employs one-component terms expressed both by nouns and verbs, two-component terms represented by various structural models, multi-component terms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Latofat Ibragimova ◽  

The article provides information on the types of pronouns in accordance with their semantic and grammatical features. The division of personal pronouns into two is illustrated by examples. The article reveals the lexical and semantic features of pronouns.


Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Runner ◽  
Raul Aranovich

Wasow (1977) argues that linguistic theory should recognize two qualitatively distinct types of rules: syntactic rules, which can affect more "superficial" grammatical function properties; and lexical rules, which affect deeper lexical semantic properties of lexical items. However, lexicalist theories of grammar have replaced syntactic rules with lexical rules leaving Wasow's dichotomy potentially unexplained. Our goal in this paper is to recapture Wasow's insight within a lexicalist framework such as HPSG. Building on Sag & Wasow's (1999) distinction between lexeme and word, we claim that there is a contrast between lexical rules that relate lexemes to lexemes (L-to-L rules) and lexical rules that relate words to words (W-to-W rules) and that these differences follow from the architecture of the grammar. In particular, we argue that syntactic function features (ARGST, VALENCE, etc.) are not defined for lexemes, while lexical semantic features (CONTENT) are. From this it follows that L-to-L rules can affect lexical semantic features, and not syntactic function features. In addition, since words are defined for syntactic function features, W-to-W rules can change them. In this paper, we support this hypothesis by examining certain differences between two types of Noun Incorporation construction, and their relation to other rules in the grammar. We argue that Compounding Noun Incorporation is an L-to-L type and that Classifier Noun Incorporation is a W-to-W type; we base our argument on the interaction of Noun Incorporation and Applicative Formation in the Paleo-Siberian language Chukchi and the isolate language Ainu.


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