scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Structural and Semantic Features of Terminological Units of Professionally Oriented Discourse (on the Material of the English Language)

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Miletova ◽  
Olga Litvishko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
International Court ◽  
Religion And Law ◽  
Two Component

The article is devoted to the analysis of structural features of terms in the spheres of art, religion and law. The material of the research includes art-related texts from the journal The Artist, religion-related texts from the journal Faith and Philosophy published in the Internet, texts of the decisions of International Court of Justice presented in the official website of the Court. The authors speak about the existence of a universal classification of terms according to which terms can be classified into one-component, two-component and multi-component ones. The article presents a comparative analysis of terminological systems of art, religion and law. The results of the empirical research proved that the sphere of art is represented by one-component terms, verbalized by nouns, two-component terms expressed by a combination adjective + noun, multi-component terms consisting of three and more lexemes. The terminological system of religion is represented by one-component and two-component terms, expressed by analogous part-of-speech models. Terminological system of law also employs one-component terms expressed both by nouns and verbs, two-component terms represented by various structural models, multi-component terms.

scholarly journals State Instigation in International Law: A General Principle Transposed

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
Miles Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
General Principle ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Domestic Law

Abstract It is widely believed that international law imposes no general prohibition on instigation – no general prohibition on states inducing, inciting or procuring other states to breach their international obligations. The absence of a prohibition on instigation stands in contrast to the now entrenched prohibition on the provision of assistance to another state that facilitates an internationally wrongful act. In this article, I argue that the orthodox position on instigation is incorrect. I argue that a prohibition on instigation is founded on a general principle of law, as envisaged in Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and that it would be appropriate to transpose that general principle to the international legal system. To sustain this argument, I first construct a representative set of domestic jurisdictions for comparative analysis. Second, through a brief comparative survey, I assess whether in each of these domestic jurisdictions it is wrongful, in one way or another, for an actor to instigate another to commit an act that it would be wrongful for it to do itself. And, third, I argue that the transposition of this principle from domestic law to international law is conceptually and normatively appropriate.

scholarly journals LINGUOPRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF PROPRIAL VOCABULARY IN MODERN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bebykh ◽  
Natalia Bytsko
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Functional Features

The article deals with the dynamic and evolutionary processes of eponymous terms formation in medicine in the systems of English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of the work is to systematize medical propriatives on the basis of such defining features as denotative-characteristic, etymological-word-forming and functional features. Methods and techniques adopted in onomastics and stylistics were used, such as: textual and stylistic analysis, classification of onomastic material, structural, etymological and word-formation analysis, analysis of variants of names, synthesis and identification of patterns. The research focuses on lexical and semantic features and structural features of medical terms with an onymic component. The scientific research of domestic and foreign researchers on the presence or absence of a clear boundary between common and proper names is analyzed. The ways of origin of propriatives and ways of forming a layer of onymic medical vocabulary are outlined. Based on the samples of eponymous terms in accordance with the fields of medicine, in particular rheumatology and neurology, anatomy and clinical nomenclature, the characteristics of dynamic and evolutionary processes in each of the subsystems is presented: quantitative ratio data are given, ways and methods of formation are identified, the role and place of eponyms in medical phenomena and objects are determined, the structural features of these terminological units are described. Much attention is paid to the process of transforming proper names into common words. The processes of transition of proper names into common names, which occur in medical terminology, differences of propriatives and appellates in functions, properties, mechanism of development, essence and linguistic features, context, etymology and translation are studied.

scholarly journals DOCUMENT “CHARTER” AS A GENRE OF OFFICIAL STYLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Kateryna Nadtochii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Compound Sentence ◽  
International Document

The study of the styles and genres of the literary language, as well as their features, is an integral part of modern philology. A vast deal of researches is devoted to such styles as literary, scientific and publicistic. The literary style and its genres has particular place in linguistic. However, in connection with the latest events that are taking place in the world, international documents are gaining more and more importance. It is the genres of this style which surround us in everyday life: laws, codes, orders, announcements, manuals and others. Also, all international documents and agreements are written in an official style. These documents are regulator of relations between countries. This article describes the classification of the styles of the literary language and their genres. And also, this article is devoted to the study of one international document, namely the "charter". There are many classifications of styles in the Ukrainian literary language. Each researcher categorizes and names them differently, but still, there are five main functional styles, such as scientific, official, publicistic, informal, literary. Official style is a functional style of literary language. "Charters" are international documents of official style. They have different stylistic, lexical and grammatical characteristics. In "charters " neutral vocabulary is used and words are used in the literal sense. For these documents extended sentence, compound sentence and complex sentence are characterized. A perspective for further research is a comparative analysis of the lexical, grammatical and semantic features of the "charter" in different languages.

Digital determination: can information technology become meaningful?

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gennadievna Leshkevich
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Shadow ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Methodological Strategy

The article analyzes the impact of digital determination and its effects. The author poses a problem - can digital technologies become meaningful? The main goal of the article is aimed at analyzing digital determination in the context of the prospects for its meaningfulness. The article shows the deformations caused by digital determination, offers a classification of subjects, taking into account the degree of involvement in computer interactions. The author identifies the specifics of instrumental and technological rationality, draws attention to the phenomenon of “digital shadow” and infomania. The methodological strategy is based on the method of interpretation and comparative analysis. The principles of objectivity and sociocultural determination, as well as activity and subject-oriented approaches are effective. Of particular importance is the procedure of conceptualization, obtained generalizations. The author attracts modern English-language literature to the study. The main conclusions include the substantiation of the need for a complete restructuring of relations with information technologies in order to subordinate them to human reflection and awareness.

CORONASPEAK-2020: WORD-FORMATION ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
O. Ye. Tkachuk-Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Speech Classification

The article presents a first assessment of the word-stock of “coronaspeak”-2020 — a new language of the Covid-19 pandemic. The English vocabulary is subjected to constant change due to various extralinguistic factors. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the ‘explosion’ of new words. As of today, “coronaspeak” has over 1,000 words with more units appearing each day. The scale of the expansion is unprecedented, which requires reaction of the linguistic community. The article raises the issue of the classification of the “coronaspeak” word-stock. It argues that facilitated by media and social networks new words are changing their status of nonce words to neologisms, which makes the classification untimely and premature. The word-building analysis of 200 new words of “coronaspeak” allows to conclude that the creation of the new “coronavirus” word-stock applies the structural patterns specific for the English language. These various patterns include semantic change in denotation, derivation, compounding, blending, shortening, The analysis of the “coranaspeak” word-stock has demonstrated that the semantic changes in denotation, in particular the extension and the narrowing of a meaning, are scarce, and, hence, non-productive. Affixation, as a word-forming process, has proved semi-productive with the predominantly noun-forming suffixes. Among a limited number of shortenings we have observed final (apocope) and initial (apheresis) clippings, combined with affixation, by adding the suffix — y. Compounding and blending have proved to be highly productive. According to the part of speech classification, most “coronaspeak” compounds and blends are nouns. Of special interest are a group of “coronapuns”, which have demonstrated pragmatic potential.

The Analysis of Two Components English Statements with the Translated Morpheme КАРТ-

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yakushko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
English Language ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
High Derivation ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Two Component

Abstract. Nowadays the technical students’ interest in linguistic studies during English language classes in general and concerning land management in particular is being actualized in the context of defining metacommunicative markers as utterance boundaries for the formation of a terminological compound nest.The purpose of this article is to describe the practical experience of analyzing the features of two-component phrases with translated morpheme “карт-“ (hereinafter – DSMK) being based on the analysis of foreign scientific sources on land management according to the defined algorithm. The results of the study are presented in seven conclusions. The first conclusion is the expediency of students' analysis of phrases on land management according to the defined algorithm: to review the sources for the presence of the most common morphemes with high derivation potential and to be convinced of the expediency of studying a certain selected morpheme, to write down existing Ukrainian phrases with the required morpheme, assigning a specific number, spread terminological foreign phrases by blocks by structural features, to analyze according to other related characteristics for further generalization-collection of information from each block (according to the reliability of translation, the presence of proper names and numerical values, in relation to the land management industry, by the correspondence of the number of components of the Ukrainian and English variants and by the frequency of use in the educational texts and own statements of future land managers). The second conclusion is the expediency of taking into consideration the phrases with the translated morpheme “карт-“, as 108 varieties of stable English clichés were found. The third conclusion is the assignment of two-component attributive-nominative English phrases without additional conjunctions or prepositions to those that have an extremely high derivational potential to attract the translated card morpheme - in 99 varieties with a parallel assignment of two-component clichés with an additional preposition of or in / on connectors to those that have low derivation potential in only 9 varieties. The fourth conclusion is the assertion that the majority of DSMK with a significant quantitative advantage deals with the narrow specialization in cartography in contrast to the indirect being used in general thematic texts. The fifth conclusion is that the DSMK is more prone to the expected translation (74:34 ratio), although more than a third of these clichés should be guided by official translation options. The sixth conclusion is to determine the very low relevance of DSMK to proper names and numerical values and to a slightly higher percentage of DSMK with different number of components in the Ukrainian and English versions of the translation. The seventh conclusion is the fixation of the presence of DSMK in the educational texts and own statements of future land managers in the ratio 27:81, which proves the sufficient frequency of use of the translated morpheme “ карт-“ in regular phrases in the professional speech of future land managers, but not decisive. The prospect of further research is to describe the experience of the analysis of multicomponent constant clichés with a translated morpheme “карт-“ according to the proposed abovenamed algorithm.

scholarly journals Russian and English metaphorics: Comparative analysis of biathlon discourse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Osinovskaia ◽  
Yuliya Shekhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Metaphorical Meaning ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Metaphor Use ◽  
Text Formation

In this article, the authors consider semantic and structural features of the metaphor use in the Russian and English biathlon discourse, as well as metaphor role and use in the biathlon mass media discourse framework. The research of biathlon discourse enriches metaphor definition. The concept “biathlon” serves the material for the analysis of metaphorical meaning transfer. The authors underline its importance as a basic model of the text formation. The researchers pay much attention to the question of metaphorical formation role and functions within biathlon mass media discourse. The article contains information on the classification of basic metaphorical models. The study defines groups of Russian and English metaphors in biathlon mass media discourse and reveals their linguistic and intercultural differences. To obtain data, the authors use comparative analysis method of Russian and English metaphors. The authors prove the importance of metaphors in biathlon mass media discourse quantitatively. That lets them assume metaphor as a means of avoiding speech monotony therefore enhancing its emotional influence within biathlon mass media discourse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document