scholarly journals Effects of auxin and cytokinin on the regeneration and growth of shoot tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Hoang Ngo Phan ◽  
Tuan Minh Nguy ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Tomato is one of the most popular foods in the world. However, drought stress has strongly decreased the growth and yield of tomatoes. Therefore, the study on drought-tolerant tomatoes is essential. In this paper, tomato cultivar TN704, which is popularly grown in Vietnam's Southeast and Vietnam's Mekong Delta was selected. The combination of auxin (IAA, indoleacetic acid) and cytokinin (zeatin) at different concentrations was investigated to determine the effective regeneration media. Then, the drought pretreatment was applied to obtain drought-tolerant shoots. The drought tolerance of regenerated shoots was checked by culture in the drought stress condition after two generations (F1 and F2). The physiological and biochemical changes of regenerated shoots in the drought stress condition were analyzed. The MS 1 2 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin was the effective medium for in vitro shoot regeneration from tomato leaves. The drought pretreatment (MS 1 2 with 20 g/L mannitol) increased the number of regenerated shoots which can develop in the drought stress condition. The regenerated shoots in the F1 and F2 generations grew strongly under drought conditions. The content of chlorophyll, carotenoid and proline, the intensity of respiration and photosynthesis, and the activity of auxin and cytokinin in leaves of F1 and F2 plant were higher than the control.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Advanced Mutant Rice Genotypes under Drought Stress Condition

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarifth Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Yusop ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Ismail ◽  
Abdul Harun
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought stress affects various physiological and metabolic processes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Non-availability of high-yielding varieties suitable for cultivation under drought condition lead towards a sharp decline in rice yield. Induce mutation is an essential auxiliary approach to counterpart conventional breeding to produce stress-tolerance rice variety. The current study was aimed to identify two advanced mutant rice genotypes as drought-tolerant using growth parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities. The advanced mutant rice genotypes, MR219-4 and MR219-9, showed a minimal reduction on all growth parameters, yield, and yield components measured for drought tolerance. MR219-4 had a slight reduction on total dry weight and chlorophyll content under drought stress condition. Proline content increased significantly in drought-tolerant rice genotypes and the highest proline content was obtained from MR219-4 followed by MR219-9 under drought stress. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities were significantly increased in drought stress treatment in all the rice genotypes. MR219-4 and MR219-9 were identified as high-yielding drought-tolerant genotypes as they maintained good performance under drought stress condition for all the measured traits compared to the drought-tolerant check varieties, Aeron1 and MR219, thus, this might be underlying selection criteria for a drought tolerance rice breeding programme.

scholarly journals Gene action of achene yield traits in sunflower under drought stress condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261
Author(s):  
Ejaz-ul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Drought is one of the most damaging environmental stresses, which decreases the achene yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The objectives of our experimentations were to determine the type of gene action in sunflower under drought stress, for the identification of the lines with higher achene yield for purpose of developing hybrid with higher achene yield. Thirty-two single cross hybrids from 12 inbred lines were developed through line × tester mating design through crossing 8 drought tolerant inbred lines with 4 drought susceptible lines. The evaluation experiment was performed under an alpha (0,1) lattice incomplete block design with three replications. The achene yield related traits like DF, DM, PH, NL/P, HD, SG, AY/P and TAW were evaluated under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Values of degree of dominance greater than one indicating that traits were under the control of dominant genetic effect. Based on GCA effects, L1 proved good combiner for early flowering, maturity and short stature; while L6 was a good combiner for NL/P, HD and AY/P while L8 for HD, SG, AY/P and TAW under drought stress condition. Based on SCA effects, Hybrid 20 was found a good SCA combiner for early flowering, early maturity, short stature, higher HD, AY/P and TAW under normal as well as drought stress conditions. It was suggested form our study that the lines L1, L6 and L8 can be further used to develop drought tolerant hybrids for higher yield and L5 × L12 (Hy 20) was proposed for general cultivation in irrigated as well as rainfed areas of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Respons dua mutan tomat terhadap cekaman kekeringan

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Ratna Ningrum ◽  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Erni Suminar ◽  
Syariful Mubarok
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

AbstrakKondisi cekaman kekeringan pada tanaman tomat dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat menurun. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan perakitan varietas tanaman baru yang tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Beberapa hasil mutasi gen IAA pada tomat mutan Micro-Tom mampu menghasilkan tanaman yang toleran terhadap kondisi stress secara abiotik, yaitu pada galur iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan vegetatif pada iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 dalam kondisi cekaman kekeringan dengan metode in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan September sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah  mutan, yaitu iaa9-3, iaa9-5 dan Wild-Type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) sebagai kontrol, dan faktor kedua adalah tingkat cekaman kekeringan menggunakan konsentrasi polietilen glikol (PEG) yaitu 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara galur dan tingkat cekaman kekeringan pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah akar, dan panjang akar, sedangkan pada jumlah daun eksplan dipengaruhi oleh galur dan tingkat cekaman secara mandiri. Pada kondisi tercekam, semua galur tomat yang diamati mengalami penurunan pada seluruh parameter pertumbuhan terutama pada galur WT-MT.  Galur iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan sampai dengan konsentrasi 5% PEG, sedangkan untuk WT-MT sudah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan pada cekaman kekeringan 5% PEG.Kata Kunci: cekaman kekeringan, auksin, tomat, mutan, polietilen glikolAbstractDrought stress conditionin tomato plants cause the reduction of plant growth and production. One of the effort to resolve  this problem is by assembling new varieties that are tolerant to drought stress. Several IAA gene mutation have been generated to produced tolerant plant under abiotic stress condition, namely iaa9-3 and iaa9-5. This research was conducted to determinerespons of vegetative growth of iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 under drought stress condition by in vitro method. The experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture and Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjajaran from September to December 2019. The experimental design used factorial Randomized Block Design, consisted of two factors and repeated three times. The first factor was tomatoes mutant, namely iaa9-3, iaa-95, and Wild Type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) as a control and the second factor was the level of drought stress of polyethylene glycol (PEG), namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Under drought stress condition, all of tomato lines have a decrease in vegetative growth parameters. The results showed that there was an interaction effect between tomatoes mutant and the level of drought stress on the parameters of plant height, the number of roots, and root length, whereas the number of explant leaves was affected by tomatoes mutant and stress level independently. Lines of iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 were tolerant of drought stress up to a PEG 6000 concentration of 5% PEG, whereas for WT-MT there has been a significant decrease under drought stress of 5% PEG.Keywords : drought stress, auxin, tomato, mutant, poliethylene glycolKondisi cekaman kekeringan pada tanaman tomat dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat menurun. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan perakitan varietas tanaman baru yang tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Beberapa hasil mutasi gen IAA pada tomat mutan Micro-Tom mampu menghasilkan tanaman yang toleran terhadap kondisi stress secara abiotik, yaitu pada galur iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan vegetatif pada iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 dalam kondisi cekaman kekeringan dengan metode in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan September sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah  mutan, yaitu iaa9-3, iaa9-5 dan Wild-Type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) sebagai kontrol, dan faktor kedua adalah tingkat cekaman kekeringan menggunakan konsentrasi polietilen glikol (PEG) yaitu 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara galur dan tingkat cekaman kekeringan pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah akar, dan panjang akar, sedangkan pada jumlah daun eksplan dipengaruhi oleh galur dan tingkat cekaman secara mandiri. Pada kondisi tercekam, semua galur tomat yang diamati mengalami penurunan pada seluruh parameter pertumbuhan terutama pada galur WT-MT.  Galur iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan sampai dengan konsentrasi 5% PEG, sedangkan untuk WT-MT sudah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan pada cekaman kekeringan 5% PEG. Kata Kunci: cekaman kekeringan, auksin, tomat, mutan, polyetilen glycol

scholarly journals Genetic and multivariate phenotypic analyses of some selection indices in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-715
Author(s):  
Hojjat Hasheminasab ◽  
Mohammad Assad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Heritability and Genetic Gain are commonly used by plant breeders to estimate the accuracy of a selection index and used for measuring the response to selection. The aim of the present study was the genetic and phenotypic analyses of some physiological traits to identify the most reliable of them for selective breeding of pistachio cultivars under drought stress condition. Nineteen Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars with wide range of tolerance to drought stress were collected from across the orchards of Rafsanjan (Iran?s center of pistachio cultivation) and were used in randomized complete block design with three replications under two environmental conditions (normal and water stress) in 2011-2012. The results of genetic analysis showed that high magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation along with broad sense heritability and genetic gain were estimated in relative water protection (RWP), excised leaf water loss (ELWL), relative water content (RWC) and relative water loss (RWL) under drought stress condition, indicating that the inheritance of these traits can be mainly controlled by additive gene effects followed by reflecting the possibility of effective selection for genetic improvement of these traits. Path analysis revealed that RWP had the highest direct and RWL and WRC indirect effects on YSI. Principal component analysis indicated that selected indices were reliable for classification and identification of drought-tolerant pistachio cultivars and identified RWP, RWC and WRC as the best indicators for screening drought tolerant genotypes.

scholarly journals Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
EDI PURWANTO ◽  
SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI ◽  
YONIAR EFFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Four Levels

Purwanto E, Samanhudi, Yoniar Effendi Y. 2017. Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress. Trop Drylands 1: 69-77. The study aimed to examine the response of upland rice varieties at germination stage on several PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 concentration levels and to determine growth characteristics, physiological changes and yield of upland rice varieties under drought stress condition in a pot experiment. The study consisted of two experiments; the first was to study germination and early growth, and the second was to study the vegetative and generative growth of upland rice under drought stress condition. Experiments I and II were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factors and three replications. In experiments I, the first factor was upland rice variety comprised of 10 varieties and the second factor was PEG concentration consisted of four levels. In experiment II, the first factor was upland rice varieties that responded the best to drought stress in experiment I, and the second factor was the drought stress treatment consisted of moisture content at 100, 75, 50 and 25% field capacity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. The results showed that the germination and vigor index decreased with increasing levels of PEG concentration. PEG concentration of 25 g L-1 of water was the most optimum for screening drought resistant upland rice. In experiment I, Towuti, Situ Patengang, Kalimutu and Gajah Mungkur varieties showed the best response to drought stress. Increased intensity of drought stress resulted in a reduction of plant height, number of tillers, dry weight, relative growth rate, leaf area, number of grains hill-1, 1000 grain weight, dry grain weight hill-1 and root dry weight. The drought stress also caused an earlier flowering date and increased percentage of empty grain. Based on the dry grain weight hill-1, Towuti exhibited a higher drought resistance level than Gajah Mungkur, Situ Patenggang and Kalimutu.

scholarly journals Determination of the best indirect selection criteria in Iranian durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under irrigated and drought stress conditions

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Golparvar ◽  
Mohammad Gheisari ◽  
Davoud Naderi ◽  
Ali Mehrabi ◽  
Amin Hadipanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Yield Factor

In order to evaluate and classify morphological and morpho-physiological traits of durum wheat genotypes in drought and irrigated conditions 200 durum wheat genotypes were sown in modify augmented design with four replications during 2013- 2014 farming season. Two replications were considered as drought condition and two as irrigated. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis method and varimax rotation indicated that four important factors accounted for about 87 and 92 percent of the total variation among traits in drought and irrigated conditions, respectively. In drought stress condition, the first factor assigned 37 percent of total variation between traits and was significantly related with spike yield and it?s components. Therefore, this factor was regarded as spike seed yield factor. Other factors in drought stress condition accounted for 22, 16 and 12 percent of variation between traits and were entitled as plant seed yield, spike density and assimilate transmission factors, respectively. In irrigated condition, the first factor assigned 36 percent of total variation between traits and was significantly related with traits plant and spike seed yield, plant and spike harvest index, No. seed/spike and plant height. This factor was regarded as plant seed yield factor. Other factors in irrigated condition accounted for 24, 18 and 14 percent of variation between traits and were entitled as production, assimilate transmission and spike density factors, respectively. Overall, results revealed effect of different environments on extracted factors, percent of variation accounted for by factors and traits related with each factor.

scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on shoot development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215
Author(s):  
Tuan Minh Nguy ◽  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, drought stress was strongly affected on the development and yield of tomatoes. There are increasing interests in the study of physiological transformations in adaption to stress in plants In this study, effects of drought stress (mannitol at different concentration) on the development of tomato shoot were studied. Morphological and physiological changes during the development of shoot under drought stress conditions were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the combination of cytokinin and gibberellin was treated to increase the drought stress tolerance of plants. Results showed that mannitol at 20 g/L induced tomato drought stress. Shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, and the number of roots significantly decreased in the drought stress condition compared to the control. The formation superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurred in the meristem, elongation region and cap of the roots in the drought stress condition instead of only cap root in the control. In the drought stress condition, there was an increase in respiration intensity, proline and carotenoid content, and abscisic acid activity. In contrast, the content of chlorophyll, photosynthesis intensity, cytokinin and gibberellin activity decreased in comparison with the control. The combination treatment of zeatin 0.5 mg/L and GA3 0.5 mg/L improved the drought stress tolerance of plants. The shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area and number of roots of the treated plants were higher than those of the control plants.

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