scholarly journals Compare noun phrases in Stieng language and Vietnamese

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Phan Thanh Tam
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Mass Nouns ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Closed Contact ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article presents about structural features of the noun phrase in Stieng language in order to define the similarities and differences points between the noun phrase in Stieng language and noun phrase in Vietnamese. Noun phrase has a central component, previous sub-components, and the following sub-components. Also, it has played a role in creating a sentence. Base on situations in communication, the noun phrase may be previous vacant sub-components or following sub-components, but it can not be removed from the central component. The central component is mass nouns like as simple nouns, overall nouns, or abstract nouns. The previous sub-component includes quality words, numerals, or unit nouns. The following sub-component can be a noun, verb, pronoun, phrase, and followed by a demonstrative word. Stieng is a language of South Bahnaric subgroup, an Austroasiatic family, so there are many similarities with other languages such as Koho, Mnong, Ma, and Chrau. They belong to the Austroasiatic family, so they are closed contact with the Vietnamese.

scholarly journals URUTAN DAN BENTUK KONSTITUEN KLAUSA BAHASA PRANCIS DAN BAHASA INDONESIA

Diksi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marliza Arsiyana ◽  
Pratomo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Object A ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Prepositional Object ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persamaan dan perbedaan urutan dan bentuk konstituen klausa dengan memokuskan pada klausa transitif BP dan BI berikut frase nominalnya sebagai argumen dalam klausa. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa teks tulis, yakni novel Le Dernier Jour d’Un Condamné karangan Victor Hugo dan terjemahannya oleh Lady Lesmana dengan judul “Hari Terakhir Seorang Terpidana Mati”. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode agih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urutan dasar klausa BP dan BI bertipe sama, yaitu verba mendahului objek. Perbedaannya pada sifat argumen objek. Pada BP objek berpreposisi termasuk dalam konstituen inti sedangkan dalam BI termasuk konstituen periferal. Pada BP, konstituen  Nod dan Np yang berupa pronominal berada di depan  verba, sedangkan dalam BI konstituen Nod dan Noi selalu di belakang verba. Pada tataran frase nominal, perbedaan terletak pada urutan modifikator demonstratif, dan pronomina persona. Pada BP sebelum nomina inti, sedangkan pada BI setelah nomina inti. Modifikator ekasilaba dan dwisilaba dalam BP terletak di depan nomina inti, sedangkan adjektiva yang lebih dari dua silaba, dan adjektiva yang berkaitan dengan warna, agama, dan verba partisif terletak di belakang nomina inti. Sementara itu, adjektiva dalam BI terletak setelah nomina inti.Kata Kunci: urutan dan bentuk konstituen, klausa, frase nomina, sintaks WORDS ORDERS IN FRENCH AND BAHASA INDONESIA CLAUSESABSTRACTThis research aims at analyzing the similarities and differences of the words orders and their forms in the transitive clauses and its argument, noun phrases, between French and Bahasa Indonesia. The research data resources are taken from written texts i.e.: The novel Le dernier jour d’un comdamné à mort by Victor Hugo and its translation Hari Terakhir Seorang Terpidana Mati by Lady Lesmana. This research uses “segmenting immediate constituent technique” to analyse the data. The result shows that French and Bahasa Indonesia have the same basic words orders in transitive clauses, i.e. verbs precede the object. The differences are found in the characteristic of the object. A prepositional object in French is categorized as the main argument, while in Bahasa Indonesia it is a peripheral argument. The position of Nod and Np constituent, which are pronominal, in French precedes the verb, whereas, in Bahasa Indonesia, they are always placed after the verb. Regarding the noun phrase, the differences are found at the position of demonstrative and possessive modifiers. Their position in French is placed before the main noun, while in Bahasa Indonesia after the main noun. The adjectives with one or two syllables are placed before the main noun and the adjectives with more than two syllables or the adjective related to color, religion, and participles are placed after the main noun. On the other hand, adjective in Bahasa Indonesia is always placed after the main noun.Keywords: words orders and form, clause, noun phrase, syntax

scholarly journals Relative Clause Formation in Akan Proverbs and Sentences: Similarities and Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Isaac Oduro ◽  
Olivia Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Relative Clause ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Resumptive Pronouns ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper discusses relative clause formation in Akan proverbs and normal sentences with particular attention to their similarities and differences. It explores the comparison of the relative clauses in Akan sentences and other specialized genres such as the proverbs. The paper further analyzes the relative clause occurring in both sentence and proverb structures in order to establish sameness and dichotomy in the syntactic uniqueness in both structures. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the proverbs for this study. In all, twenty-three (23) proverbs were selected for the study. The study adopted the functional grammar approach in the analysis. The study revealed that the relative clause formation in some Akan proverbs and Akan normal sentences has both overt and covert antecedent noun phrases (ANPs). The headless antecedent noun phrase which is seen as a pronominal also undergoes binary mutation in order to account for the antecedent noun phrase and the relativizer which introduces the relative clause. There are also differences in the syntactic positions of the relative clause more especially the sentence structure type. Finally, there is a difference in the syntactic position of the resumptive pronouns in both structures.

scholarly journals Similarities and differences between two Hungarian particles for also: szintén and is

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Judit Farkas ◽  
Bettina Futó ◽  
Aliz Huszics ◽  
Judit Kleiber ◽  
Mónika Dóla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Dynamic Theory ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Propositional Truth ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Syntactic Differences ◽  
Core Meaning ◽  
Semantic Properties

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of two Hungarian particles with the same logical core meaning also: is and szintén. The analysis yields important theoretical implications since it demonstrates how two particles sharing the same logical-propositional/truth-functional core meaning can expand into two different markers. In discourse, is acts as an intensional/metacognitive pragmatic marker in the sense as proposed by Aijmer et al. (2006), while szintén functions as a coherence-signaling discourse marker. The two particles share certain syntactic-semantic properties: neither of them can be followed by a topic, they both have distributive meaning, and both of them can pertain to the noun phrase that they immediately follow, as well as to ordered n-tuples of noun phrases. However, there are also syntactic and pragmasemantic differences between them. Namely, their ordered n-tuples have different word orders; is can function as a pragmatic marker while szintén cannot; szintén can appear as a separate clause, while is cannot (this is presumably related to the fact that szintén can be stressed, while is is obligatorily unstressed); and finally, szintén can have a peculiar discourse-preserving function. We explain the syntactic differences between the two particles using the partial spell-out technique of minimalist generative syntacticians (first applied to Hungarian by Surányi 2009), and the Cinque-hierarchy-based approach to Hungarian sentence- and predicate-adverbials (Surányi 2008). We account for the pragmasemantic properties of the pragmatic-marker variant of is in the formal representational dynamic theory of interpretation called ReALIS, already presented in the LingBaW series (Alberti et al. 2016, Kleiber and Alberti 2017, Viszket et al. 2019).

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee Meng Soon ◽  
Hwee Tou Ng ◽  
Daniel Chung Yong Lim
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Coreference Resolution ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

In this paper, we present a learning approach to coreference resolution of noun phrases in unrestricted text. The approach learns from a small, annotated corpus and the task includes resolving not just a certain type of noun phrase (e.g., pronouns) but rather general noun phrases. It also does not restrict the entity types of the noun phrases; that is, coreference is assigned whether they are of “organization,” “person,” or other types. We evaluate our approach on common data sets (namely, the MUC-6 and MUC-7 coreference corpora) and obtain encouraging results, indicating that on the general noun phrase coreference task, the learning approach holds promise and achieves accuracy comparable to that of nonlearning approaches. Our system is the first learning-based system that offers performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art nonlearning systems on these data sets.

Abstractions and exemplars: The measure noun phrase alternation in German

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-771
Author(s):  
Roland Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Large Corpus

AbstractIn this paper, an alternation in German measure noun phrases is examined under a varying-abstraction perspective. In a specific measure NP construction, the embedded kind-denoting noun either agrees in case with the measure noun (eine Tasse guter Kaffee‘a cup of good coffee’) or it stands in the genitive (eine Tasse guten Kaffees). Each of the two alternants is syntactically similar to a non-alternating construction. I propose a prototype model which assigns a common prototypical meaning to each of the alternants and its corresponding non-alternating construction. Based on this, I argue that lexical, morphosyntactic, and stylistic features help to predict the choice of the alternant. A large corpus study is presented which supports this analysis. However, in addition to the prototype effects, an exemplar effect is also shown to influence the choice, namely the relative frequencies with which lemmas occur in the non-alternating constructions. I argue that allowing both prototype and exemplar effects is more adequate than following radical prototype or exemplar approaches. It is also verified in two experiments that the corpus-derived model corresponds to the behaviour of native speakers. The weak effect size of the experimental validation is discussed in the context of corpus-based cognitive linguistics and the validation of corpus-derived models.

scholarly journals The Post-Modification of Noun Phrase: Types and Distributions on Abstracts of Local and International Journals

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Shanty A.Y.P.S Duwila
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Post Modification

Focusing on single and multiple post-modification of noun phrase complexity in academic writing, this study adopted Berlage’s (2014) types of single and multiple post-modification of noun phrase to investigate the types and distributionof noun phrase on 15 abstracts of accredited local journal and 15 international journal indexed by Scopus. Subjects, objects, and complements are coded manually and then extracted for noun phrases. The findings revealed that both groups of writers heavily relied on noun phrase involving prepositional phrase in single-post modification and noun phrase involving prepositional phrase(s) and coordination(s) in multiple-post modification. This finding may give contribution to EFL teachers and material developers in order to provide information and materials about NP post modifiers that can be used in academic writing.  

scholarly journals Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-148
Author(s):  
Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Main Verb

This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb.

scholarly journals Re-examining the relationship between the subject agreement morpheme and (in)definiteness in Northern Sotho

Literator ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mampaka L. Mojapelo
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Northern Sotho ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Agreement

The grammatical position of the subject noun phrase in Northern Sotho is to the left of the predicate. The subject agreement morpheme is a compulsory link between the subject noun phrase and the predicate. Scholars have examined the role of this morpheme from various perspectives. It is also extensively documented that the morpheme has dual functions. Its primary function is to mark agreement between the subject and the predicate. Its secondary function is pronominal, whereby it is co-referenced to some antecedent. This article reexamined the primary role of the subject agreement morpheme in Northern Sotho in relation to the interpretation of a subject noun phrase as definite or indefinite. This was accomplished by (1) revisiting existing works that are directly or indirectly linked to (in)definiteness and subject agreement, (2) analysing texts that may facilitate discussion on the issue, and (3) relating the findings from previous works to current analyses. The first hypothesis in this article was that when some class 9 subject noun phrases, denoting persons, agree with the verb stem by a class 1 agreement morpheme, the noun phrases are interpreted as definite. The second hypothesis was that although the subject position is considered predominantly topical and definite it may not categorically exclude indefinite noun phrases. Therefore some indefinite noun phrases may also agree with predicates by means of this morpheme.

Coordinated Bare Definites

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Heycock ◽  
Roberto Zamparelli
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Complex Constraints

Recent work on the syntax and semantics of functional projections within the noun phrase has had as one goal an explanation for the crosslinguistic distribution of “bare” (determinerless) noun phrases. This article provides an account for an apparent anomaly: the relatively free occurrence of bare noun phrases under coordination. We argue that this construction involves coordination of projections below the DP level, with the coordinated structure subsequently raising to Spec, DP.Our analysis accounts for the fact that these nominals are endowed with uniqueness conditions, but only in some cases, and for a number of other hitherto undocumented facts, including complex constraints on modification.

The construction of attitudinal stance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pérez Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Working Procedure

This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of the realization of negative attitudinal stance in English and Spanish discourse through the use of evaluative adjectives. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the grammatical patterns in which negative evaluative adjectives occur in each language and discuss the observed cross-linguistic differences in terms of the effects that alternative linguistic realizations have in the construction of evaluative discourse. The working procedure follows a contrastive analysis methodology: description of empirical data, juxtaposition and contrast. The descriptive data have been extracted from a large comparable corpus of English and Spanish newspaper opinion discourse. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the construction of Attitude in each language, which are inferred by contrasting its surface structural features.

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