scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Fecal Pathogen Infections: Approaches for Health Risk Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
◽  
Achara Taweesan ◽  
Thongchai Kanabkaew ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Risk Protection

Septic tank sludge or fecal sludge (FS) is often discharged on public areas without any treatment, causing environmental and adverse public health effects. Millennium Development Goal 7c (MDG 7c) targets improved access to water and sanitation because 85% of the world’s total FS is often discharged on public areas. Like other countries, Thailand faces fecal slugde management (FSM) problems leading to significant fecal pathogen infections, especially in the north and northeastern regions. This study assessed the effects of unsafely-managed FS on human health risks in two cities, Natan City and Tham Lod City in Thailand, that have relatively high liver fluke and diarrhea infections, and identified the factors relating to FSM practices that affect the prevalence of liver fluke and diarrhea infections due to FS. Specific measures were proposed in delivering integrated FSM solutions and health risk protection toward the Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (SDG6) targets of safely managed sanitation and hygiene services. Based on data collected from these cities from February to May 2019, factors relating to FSM practices that affect the prevalence of liver fluke and diarrhea infections were identified and analysed using multiple regression analysis. Based on the findings, specific measures in delivering integrated FSM solutions and health risk protection toward the Sustainable Development Goals 6 (SDG 6) are proposed. Because no FS treatment facilities operate in Natan City and Tham Lod City, almost 100% of FS is discharged directly into open drains, resulting in diarrhea and liver fluke infections among local people. The findings identified the factors relating to FSM practices that affect the prevalence of liver fluke and diarrhea infections and proposed specific measures in delivering integrated FSM solutions and health risk protection, such as promoting education programmes, avoiding direct FS discharges into open drains and nearby streams, and providing innovative FSM technologies to eradicate fecal pathogen infections.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Obstacle Factors of the Urban-Rural Integration of China’s Shrinking Cities in the Context of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Bin Du ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jiaxin He ◽  
Wai Li ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Based on the fundamental concept of sustainable development, this study empirically analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics, formation mechanisms and obstacle factors of the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China, from 2008 to 2018. The conclusions are as follows: the overall level of the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China is low; the internal differences of urban-rural integration are also small, and the changes are slow. Next, the space difference is high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north. Moreover, differences exist among different levels of urban agglomerations. Urban economic efficiency, urban resources and environment, urban social equity and rural economic efficiency are the main factors affecting the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China. Urban and rural economic efficiency are the two most prominent shortcomings that restrict the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities. The spatial resistance mode of each city is more than the two-system resistance; the main resistance of shrinking cities with a higher level of urban-rural integration also comes from the non-economic field. This study expands the research scope that up till now has ignored the discussion of urban-rural issues in the research of shrinking cities at home and abroad, and provides practical guidance for the sustainable development of shrinking cities in China.

scholarly journals Is the sustainable development goal target for financial risk protection in health realistic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e000216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Verguet ◽  
Addis Tamire Woldemariam ◽  
Warren N Durrett ◽  
Ole F Norheim ◽  
Margaret E Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Protection

scholarly journals The Government Supporting Policy for Sustainable Development of Small and Medium Industrial Enterprises in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Hai Hung
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The North ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

In recent year, the issues of sustainable development in general and enterprise's sustainable development have always been given special attention by government management agency, including small and medium-size industrial enterprises. The study conducted a survey of 316 industrial SMEs in three regions of the North, Central and South of Vietnam with the main survey subjects being managers in enterprises. The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the goverment support policies compared to other factors developed in the research model affecting the sustainable development of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. In this research, the authors employed exploratory factor analysis to identify 4 factors affecting the sustainable development of SMEs. The research results show that the government support policies have an important role but not strongly influence human resource factors, financial factor and social responsibility (SR) policies of enterprises in their sustainable development for industrial SMEs in Vietnam.

Factors affecting the Sustainable Development of Tourism Sector in Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Pradeep Mamgain
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Tourism Sector

Tourism as an industry has evolved as one of the largest and lucrative industry in Indian economy. It is regarded as one of the most effective instrument for national integration and harmony. Thus, leading towards social transformation and upliftment of the rural poor. The success of the tourism sector is highly influenced by the supporting industries such as hotels, transportation, communication, banking and so on. Sustainable tourism takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, industry, environment and host communities. Importance of sustainable tourism is immense for poverty reduction, the protection of environment and preservation of cultural heritage. Various stakeholders of sustainable tourism in Uttarakhand call for increase in productivity and efficiency of existing land, water, flora and fauna resources in a planned manner without jeopardizing their future use. This paper primarily aims to enhance a common understanding and commitment about Sustainable Tourism, and to demonstrate how it is a vehicle to foster economic and social growth, through the achievement of development imperatives, while minimizing negative social, cultural and environmental impacts in the state of Uttarakhand. The conceptual paper comes to note that all of us have our own role to play in ensuring tourism as a catalyst for sustainable development.

scholarly journals For the Sustainable Development of Universities: Exploring the External Factors Impacting Returned Early Career Academic’s Research Performance in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Xiantong Zhao ◽  
Hongbiao Yin ◽  
Chenyang Fang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Early Career ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Good Research

Early career academics are the key agents for the sustainable development of higher education institutions. In China, those who were educated overseas and have returned to Chinese universities to seek academic positions are becoming a fast-growing group. Good research performance is critical to survive in the increasingly competitive environment in academia. Improving research performance requires an understanding of the factors that facilitate or inhibit research performance. In the light of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, this study, using a mixed-method design (20 interviewees and 136 respondents), elaborates on a number of external factors affecting returned early career academics’ research performance. Understanding these factors is helpful for the building of a favorable environment that can improve the research performance of the returned early career academics, and hence the sustainable development of universities.

scholarly journals Research Gap Analysis of Remote Sensing Application in Fisheries: Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Yen ◽  
Chia-Hsiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Research Hotspots

Remote sensing (RS) technology, which can facilitate the sustainable management and development of fisheries, is easily accessible and exhibits high performance. It only requires the collection of sufficient information, establishment of databases and input of human and capital resources for analysis. However, many countries are unable to effectively ensure the sustainable development of marine fisheries due to technological limitations. The main challenge is the gap in the conditions for sustainable development between developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study applied the Web of Science database and geographic information systems to analyze the gaps in fisheries science in various countries over the past 10 years. Most studies have been conducted in the offshore marine areas of the northeastern United States of America. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. This study also found that research hotspots of satellite RS applications in fisheries were mainly conducted in (1) the northeastern sea area in the United States, (2) the high seas area of the North Atlantic Ocean, (3) the surrounding sea areas of France, Spain and Portugal, (4) the surrounding areas of the Indian Ocean and (5) the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay sea areas to the north of Taiwan. A comparison of publications examining the three major oceans indicated that the Atlantic Ocean was the most extensively studied in terms of RS applications in fisheries, followed by the Indian Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean was less studied than the aforementioned two regions. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean have been the subjects of many local in-depth studies; in the Pacific Ocean, the coastal areas have been abundantly investigated, while offshore local areas have only been sporadically addressed. Collaboration and partnership constitute an efficient approach for transferring skills and technology across countries. For the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030, research networks can be expanded to mitigate the research gaps and improve the sustainability of marine fisheries resources.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Access to Sanitation: The Role of Human Rights and the Challenges of Measurement

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schiel ◽  
Bruce M. Wilson ◽  
Malcolm Langford
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Ten years after the United Nation’s recognition of the human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS), little is understood about how these right impacts access to sanitation. There is limited identification of the mechanisms responsible for improvements in sanitation, including the international and constitutional recognition of rights to sanitation and water. We examine a core reason for the lack of progress in this field: data quality. Examining data availability and quality on measures of access to sanitation, we arrive at three findings: (1) where data are widely available, measures are not in line with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, revealing little about changes in sanitation access; (2) data concerning safe sanitation are missing in more country-year observations than not; and (3) data are missing in the largest proportions from the poorest states and those most in need of progress on sanitation. Nonetheless, we present two regression analyses to determine what effect rights recognition has on improvements in sanitation access. First, the available data are too limited to analyze progress toward meeting SDGs related to sanitation globally, and especially in regions most urgently needing improvements. Second, utilizing more widely available data, we find that rights seem to have little impact on access.

EXPERIENCE OF USING THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rita I. Batyaeva ◽  
◽  
Tat’yana G. Shelkunova ◽  
Irina Yu. Khetagurova ◽  
Tamara G. Khetagurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
National Environmental

The article provides an overview of the effects of the resonant impact of clusters on the ability of mountain areas to adapt to the modern realities of the technological level, as well as the ability to apply innovations, attract investment in the agro-industrial and tourist cluster. A panel of indicators is presented that provides correct comparability of achievements and reflects information for aggregation by various parameters of the economic and geographical indicators of the region: the national environmental rating of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; indicators of sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District; investment risk of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District; the main economic and social indicators of the RSO-Alania. It is established that the geoinformation study of the use of a multicomponent indicator of the state of mountain territories is the basis for determining the vector of their further socio-economic development and justifying appropriate management decisions to stabilize economic development. The peculiarity of the approach is the selection of criteria that will be used in the development of mechanisms for the sustainable development of mountain territories according to the target indicators, in accordance with the UN resolution "Transforming our world in the field of sustainable develop-ment for the period up to 2030".

scholarly journals Establishing Sustainable Development Goal Baselines for Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bain ◽  
Richard Johnston ◽  
Francesco Mitis ◽  
Christie Chatterley ◽  
Tom Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), through the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), are responsible for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The SDGs represent a fundamental shift in household WASH monitoring with a new focus on service levels and the incorporation of hygiene. This article reflects on the process of establishing SDG baselines and the methods used to generate national, regional and global estimates for the new household WASH indicators. The JMP 2017 update drew on over 3000 national data sources, primarily household surveys (n = 1443), censuses (n = 309) and administrative data (n = 1494). Whereas most countries could generate estimates for basic drinking water and basic sanitation, fewer countries could report on basic handwashing facilities, water quality and the disposal of waste from onsite sanitation. Based on data for 96 and 84 countries, respectively, the JMP estimates that globally 2.1 billion (29%) people lacked safely managed drinking water services and 4.5 billion (61%) lacked safely managed sanitation services in 2015. The expanded JMP inequalities database also finds substantial disparities by wealth and sub-national regions. The SDG baselines for household WASH reveal the scale of the challenge associated with achieving universal safely managed services and the substantial acceleration needed in many countries to achieve even basic services for everyone by 2030. Many countries have begun to localise the global SDG targets and are investing in data collection to address the SDG data gaps, whether through the integration of new elements in household surveys or strengthening collection and reporting of information through administrative and regulatory systems.

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